【clover】issue&argu outline by mintsh

mintshUID: 2460474

~~虽然刚开始不适应，但还是要坚持下去啊

mintshUID: 2460474

1月31 日
           argu 150-146


150.
Argument 136

1、
The complete advice from the former consultants is not available and no evidence could prove it was only the principals who were to blame for school problems. The argument mentioned several schools’ problems rooted in inexperienced headmasters without throwing light upon the situation for all the schools in need of improvement. We cannot assure the problems caused by inexperienced headmasters take up to which degree of all the problems. Perhaps other reasons other than this one were to blame.
2、
The situation will undergo changes as time goes by and the argument cannot simply assume the situation of local school kept constant in the past two years. Two years is quite a long time during which events could appear to alter the past condition. Thereby, the capacity of the principals is no longer the main cause of school problems. What the former group of consultants has put forward might not be suitable any more.
3、
The measure to exchange headmasters between schools is not the unique solution. Now that the lack of experience hinder the principals to implementing their duties to a great extent. The methods aimed at enriching the experience exist in various patterns.
4、
Even assuming that to replace the inexperienced ones with the most experienced ones is the exclusive choice, the efficiency of this action seems obscure in a short time. Inexperienced as some headmasters might be, they have already been familiar with the conditions of their own schools and so have the ones abundant in experience. They will both need a period of time to get accustomed to the new environment before they could get down to their obligation. During this period, we can image the chaos and at the same doubt on what kind of influence the naïve principals would impose on the new schools. Furthermore, it would also be no easy job for ones with ample experience to seize the core of their work in short. The immediate improvement remains uncertain.

149.

Argument 116

1、
The exerting of high-low pricing policy followed by the ever-increasing profits cannot be simple views as the proof for the correlation of the two. An avoidable fact is that the number of people who settled in the new residential development increased at the same time. The population instead of the popularity of high-low pricing policy is attributable to the growing profits of the new Grocery Town(GT) store in Elm City.

2、
Even if I accept the extra profits earned resulted directly of the new pricing policy, the Oak City(O) is different from the Elm(E) City in many aspects. One fatal one would be people’s tendency towards bargain. Perhaps the consumers in E are delighted to find bargain on specific items while customers in O does not show obvious interest as those in E do.

3、
And the situation around the mature residential development is supposed not to be exactly the same as that around the newly-built one. Provided that the high-low pricing policy does work near newly-built residential place, a comparison between departed pricing method and the new one is necessary for us to judge which one is more superb. Since we have not experimented the departed policy in the new GT store yet, it is unreasonable to regard new policy better for granted. The decision to turn all the departed pricing policies into new ones over O cannot truly improve the profits.

4、
Through the process to accomplish the pricing policy shifts over a whole city, we shall shoulder considerable costs along with the possible profits. Apparently, the change of labels that present the prices takes GT much energy and money to finish. Meanwhile, it is hard for some of the customers who got used to the old style of pricing to adjust themselves to the new one. This may leads to detrimental influence on sales and then the profits.

148.

Argument 112

1、
The building of new runways cannot promise to be favorable in solving the flights delays. Is the unsatisfied demands that really render the Franklin(F) airport’s notorious? Not an explicit answer could be figured out from the argument. Aside from the lack of runways, the management in the airports to coordinate different airlines and the proper number of airlines is worth looking into to find out the main cause.

2、
If the plan to fill in 900 acres of the bay is allowed, the effect of restoring the wetlands is hard to forecast. Given that the wetlands were supposed to be damaged by industrialization in the past, we keep skeptical on to what degree the wetlands were impeded and even if there is any chance to ameliorate the situation. Besides, the exact quantity of money the airport permits to fund is vogue despite the probably unbelievable expensive costs.

3、
Even though we admit the amelioration of wetlands on the basis of airport’s donation, the damage caused by filling towards local environment is undeniable. As the Bay Coalition organization claims, regular tidal patterns are disturbed and so are the habitats of the wildlife. This action smacks of provoking another environmental problem.

4、
The proposal is not the only choice for us to deal with the two problems at the same time.

147.

Argument 107

1、
It is unwarranted to stress that the permission of pleasure boats into the port will force the fishing boats out. Not tangible verification is applied by the argument to illuminate the situation of the port. The exact vacancy rate of port derived from the decrease of fishing boats remains unknown. Hence there is high chance the vacancy is enough for the coming pleasure ships.

2、
The pleasure ships are also able to earn a large amount of money with basic requisites met. The difference to tell pleasure ship and the fishing ship is not whether they generate profits or not but their functions.

3、
The suggesting to forbid the entering of pleasure ships into the port are questionable. The behavior does not sound so feasible because we cannot ensure an optimistic condition of fishing in the future. Perhaps, fishers are leaving for more profitable vocations as the production of fish in the ocean near Seatown plunged in the past years and has no signal to go upward again. Thus, fishing boats are once those that brought Seatown the prosperity, however

146.

Argument 94

1、
The result of the nationwide survey cannot be taken for suitable for that local one for granted. The argument provides no straightforward evidence to confirm that the nationwide situation could be viewed as identical with the local one. As far as I am concerned, people from different regions of the nation are likely to care for different aspects when asked about their dream house. The whirlpool tub and large kitchen might

2、
The argument fails to rule out the alternatives explanations for the faster pace of sales even at a significantly higher prices than average of Domus Construction(DC). Except for the whirlpool tubs contained in the development, the comparison between DC’s development and the development reaching the average level is needed to explore other possible factors. These factors such as ……
One subtle point casts doubt on the sales of Bower Builders(BB)’s development in detail compared with DC

3、
Even assuming the tubs as standard features have led to the preference of customers, no convincing materials exist to support involving large kitchen into standard features. To begin with, the costs may put BB in a financial predicament to finish of the latest development with higher standard. Afterward, the reaction from customers determines the effectiveness of the new plan.

4、
Additionally, the true inclination of customers towards shrinking on size of previous small yards calls for extensive survey. That BB’s recent buyers have not complained about small yards does not mean the acceptance of this small size. Why customers cannot make their voice sound results from several reasons. Moreover, would buyers keep silent as before if BB continues diminishing the yard’s size.

                  issue 150-146
150
Issue 72
1、
The ability to learn from others’ achievements and sorting out the reference material makes much sense especially in certain realms. Most of us must have experienced the application of this ability when we are educated at school. Everyday teachers teach in the class the great and tested ideas for us to gain the basic frame of knowledge. Except for a solid foundation, the subsequent courses and further education cannot continue, let alone the appearance of gorgeous breakthroughs. Someone willing to dedicate himself to the research on
2、
After a fine basis has been laid through the efforts to absorb in the ideas from others in the same realm, it is much easier for the development of another step to put forward the scholars’ new ideas which deserves much attention. Similarly the society will benefit from the process since it is the original drive to motivate the persistent progress of the society. Only through the heated debate between old theories and the newly-released ones can we acquire a clean insight into the legitimacy of each. Moreover, if trials are available in hand the judgment based on the outcome will surly spur up a thunderstorm of the area which may later spread over our daily lives.


3、
It is impossible to completely separate the efforts to learn from others and the discovery stemming from one’s own thoughts. First, we shall admit the necessity to be a good learner until we have a approximate understanding of fundamental knowledge and ways of thinking or methods of research. Without these prerequisites, the ideal to realize one’s new thoughts will never come true. Undoubtedly, the innovation is one of the capacities that human rely on to stride forward. Without innovation, our perspective will be limited and the conventions will prevent us from heading for more advanced techniques or prominent epoch for arts.


149
Issue 57
1、
Sometimes, the knowledge from the book transcend beyond schools’ equipment to demonstrate. Thanks to the improvement of techniques, many discoveries were either observed through tined instruments or verified through the experiments in lab. But considering students’ limited energy and the incredibly huge expenditure if a school hopes to own all these machines, most of students have merely access to rather common and simple one.
2、
However, some subjects require both the booklore and the direct experience, especially the medical profession and military theory. Because you can hardly exert your learning to the fullest without appropriate practice. This subjects’ primary purpose is to apply the knowledge to the real world.
3、
Review the scientific or humanity history; it is not the coincidence that the great minds are often inspired by their direct experience. That is because books summarize the theories created by previous scholars while we has no choice but to come up with our own ones so as to break the departed frame of ideology.

148
Issue 37
1、
Nothing in the world has ever proven to be entire beneficial without not a single defect. The same goes for competition. Undue competition causes grave consequences since each side gets hurt in the campaign. When the ambition to win the first place goes out of control, one could resort to immoral means and behavior in a way others find nearly insane.
2、
But the marvelous effectiveness of competition forced within the just fine scope contributes to nearly every aspect of our social activities. Through competition, people would clearly distinguish the grade of comparable things belonging to the same category. And it is human’s instinct to keep pursuing the best one which will chase the inferior things out sooner or later. Hence, the sense of pressure on being left behind by their colleagues, people will spare no effort to upgrade their ideas and optimize their professions.
3、
Whether the competition will harm the society depends on the perception of its purpose. Directed by the kind destination to offer better service to the society, one will be encouraged to accept others’ merits modestly and make full use of his innovative spirits. To the contrary, the purpose emphasizing on self-interest can hardly avoid the event in which people try to win the first place regardless of the following severe external effect

147
Issue 12 People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic.
Position : basically agree
1、
In a relatively short period, people are vulnerable to the influence from immediate situation or in other words-the sudden eruption/outbreak of certain events. Especially when a person is hesitant to make decision, his attitude would shift swiftly due to the actual quo.
2、
Given rather prolonged time, the durative impression of culture and society around us determines our ideology system that forms the attitude such as the world view. Via rituals, family education, formal education, public propagandas and so forth, a culture or a society instills the ideas they think highly of into our minds.
3、
Nonetheless, the minority whose lives were driven by internal characteristics deserves feasible notice. Their appearance throughout history could be reckoned as sporadic but virtually not.
146
Issue9: Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.
Position： disagree
1、
The specialization in academic disciplines has turned out to be the unavoidable trend owing to current situation. Even the branches of once fundamental subject have matured and set up complete systems themselves.
2、
However, some activities requiring element knowledge speed the learning course along the path of generalization.
3、
The fact that specialists in many fields are engaged in a more or less isolated academic world does not necessarily mean that their ideas will have little use.

mintshUID: 2460474

2月1号

145.
Argument 74

1、
The newsletter is one-sided about the wicked impression of vocational training programs on high school students’ dropouts. Scrutiny examination into the influence of training directed at certain professions is needed. The graduation does not contradict with receiving vocational training.

2、
With uprising number of dropouts, the proposed programs will lower the average earning potential seems logic at the first glance. Insufficient evidence indicates that the dropouts’ average salary is less than that of graduates. So there exists the chance for dropouts to be offered higher salary than graduates through vocational training. If so, the trend of average salary is difficult to predict.

3、
The letter continues by addressing the necessity to focus on academic programs. The well-intentioned measure aims at prohibiting the number of dropouts from growing. Nevertheless, the argument fails to perceive other buried causes for dropouts. The quality of class teaching may seem trivial in front of other fatal ones.

4、
Even though the average possible income for young people is supposed to decline, we shall not ignore the effectiveness of training program to improve the salary for dropouts who are the groups in need of more assistance.

144.
Argument 54
1、
The reliability and generality of the research study are open to question. The survey shows that the patients who have taken using Flux Dental Floss(FDF) regularly as part of dental hygiene routine underwent 50 percent fewer cases of gum diseases than those did not. If other differences lied between those two groups of patients, say, the medical skills of dentists and the habits of patients, the result might be unreliable.
2、
Another survey on the Flux users seems to owe the users’ sticking to using Floss to FDF’s mint flavor. One doubtful facet is that the survey is carried out on patients who have already been clients of FDF and yet their attitudes towards other brands of floss keep undiscovered. The clients of FDF cannot represent all the customers. Thus the generalization drawn might not apply to most people.
3、
In evaluating the outcome of the survey mentioned above, a phrase draws my notice. The phrase is “more often”, which means more frequently than before. But no study has ever indicated that the more times of the utilization of floss, the better, “more often” usually has different meaning from the word “regularly”
4、
Even assuming the argument’s creditability on all mentioned above, the last proposal which acclaim the worthwhile investment on FDF to keep healthy teeth and gums lacks reasonable evidence. In the first place, fewer cases of gum disease cannot guarantee fewer cases of teeth diseases. In the second place, people can cut off the budget for floss and instead take other measures to protect their teeth and gums from diseases.
143.
Argument 30
1、
It looks like the argument has confounded the number of passengers with the number of tourists in Eliottown Gazette(EG). The statistics provided in the essay actually report the number of people who have ever been to EG through transportation system keeps rising in the latest two years. However, before validating the upward trend of tourists, we shall look into the purpose for people to arrive in GE.
2、
Even assuming the reliability of statistics on confirming the truth of growing amount of tourists, no definite proofs could be quoted to affirm what has been appealing to tourists in recent years.
3、
Something salutary to local economic development does not necessarily mean a continuous investment on it.

mintshUID: 2460474

issue

145.

Issue 6、"The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth."

Position :
disagree

1、
The trends of the youth cannot promise to be accepted by the society as its contemporary culture. And its effect is exaggerated in representing the current culture. Every generation will own some characteristics that can distinguish them from the latter one. And sometimes the social unrest is responsible for the change in notions of the youth.

2、
However, the behavior and vogue first arising in the youth are contagious and will finally act as a catalyst of popularity nationwide or even worldwide.

3、
Though people of middle age or even elder are not so vigorous as the youth are, the former also dedicate to constructing the social culture. They may attain more wit through years of social life and seize the gist of life in a more wisdom way.

144.

Issue 242"Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being."
Position: disagree
1、A boundary shall be laid in telling species that nearly disappear because of human activities from those are being eliminated by natural selection. The nature law is one that we humankind can never go against.
2、In spite of the minority of species which is dying out due to evolutionary theory, it is our obligation to make up for the species hurt by our reckless utilization of nature resources and simultaneous damage to their habitats.
3、But the arrangement to save endangered species shall be carried out in harmony with the human society. That means humankind, just like any kind of species, will encounter difficulties and pressing problem to address. The energy and funds are finite, of which the most will contribute to maintain human society in order.
143.
Issue47"Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills."
Position : partly agree
1、
Unfortunately, few societies reckon cognitive skills as a independent criteria when they evaluate a person. The cognitive skills are supposed to reveal through the examination into other aspects.
2、
Since people usually select the style which is most suitable for them to execute thinking and reasoning, it is hard to promote a general scheme fit exactly for everyone.
3、
Compared to the benefit from emphasis on the intellect, it is worth input for government.

mintshUID: 2460474

2月4日


142
Issue239"Much of the information that people assume is 'factual' actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a 'fact' should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future."
1、
One reason why people’s stances on the same changes frequently is that some of information need rethinking and doubting on it from time to time and thus to better conform to reality. As the wheel of history keeps striding forward, some information will accordingly be charged of its creditability. Though not all information we assume is factual will be eventually proven unreliable later, remarkable part of information, especially these of science shall be persistently testified in order to maintain its applicability.
2、
Another reason is that hardly can information be completely objective since someone is required to impart information and during the process subjective opinions will be forced on later visions, which provokes the deviation against fact itself. Considering this, the misunderstanding and successive wrong dissertation occurred. What is more, people sometimes disseminate spurious news or materials on the basis of their own interests which fuels an exploration of mendacious information.
3、
The existence of unreliable information notwithstanding, we shall adopt a correct attitude towards this fact. The innocent belief on all the information no matter what the source is voluntary to being cheated while recklessly casting doubt on all the information causes huge difficulty for our normal life. That is to say, we shall distinguish true information from the fake one and sustain the habit of critical thinking. Apart from the academic theories or results of study, honesty is able to relieve the pressure and anxiety led by mistrust on information.


141
Issue 229"The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segments or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a sense of the whole."
Position: We should start by developing a sense of the whole rather than focusing on segments or details.
1、
Only through an approximately understanding of the new subject can we possibly determine a special area to engage in later.
2、
The sense of the whole subject will lay a solid foundation for further study in the future.
3、
To study small segments or details will in turn impel the extension of the subject and enrich its connotation.

mintshUID: 2460474

2月8日
       issue

140
Issue 199"Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone."
1、
Disputably, a large number of original ideas arise from individuals who delve into realms they lost themselves in for a long period of time.
2、
Cooperating with others in one team sometimes requires compromises to continue teamwork since members of the same team have to play on the same field and by the same rules in the gross.
3、
Aside from the foregoing sentiments, however, groups do excellent jobs on assembling wits of each one to form creative thoughts prior to those from only one person.


141
162"One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed."
1、
Understandably, the influence imposed on us by the surrounding is profound and imperceptible.
2、
It no doubt you are the one who could and should shoulder the obligation to live your own life, not your peers or circumstances. To blame all our faults on conditions where we find ourselves is an action kind of eschewing the part we should bare.
3、
Moreover, the moment we are aware of the conditions which might have somehow dominated our willingness and also the behaviors it is high time for us to wake up and take responsibility for our personal lives.