issue153 ~求指导~留下链接的一定回拍~

fancywwUID: 2583671

想了一晚上再限时写的，所以也还不是很严格的限时。
拼写和能发现的语法错误已改。words count：576
任何意见都欢迎哈！先谢谢大家了。

Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.

Skepticism, or critical thinking, is a method of pursuing knowledge through systematic doubt and continual testing. Once a great philosopher correctly put that, "skepticism is the first step towards truth" . And I also believe skepticism is one of the crucial powers driving students to become effective learners and real independent thinkers. Of course, in the process of critical thinking, students should avoid the undue skepticism.

First of all, when students participate in the learning process with active suspicion and doubt, they learn more effectively. Here we should make it clear that encouraging skepticism from students does not means that they can prove what they are taught wrong. So since what in the textbooks are verified to be true, why bother to question them? The answer is that, in critical thinking, students can make the process of learning active instead of being a passive receiver of knowledge. For example, when learning some difficult mathematic formulas, like the formula of the sum of a complicated sequence, if students just recite the formula itself by rote, they may easily forget it or get confused with other similar formulas. Yet, if they question more about how the formula is deduced, and repeat the procedure themselves, they can keep the formula firmly in their mind. This how skepticism, seemingly time-consuming and useless, can actually facilitate the learning process.

Besides, sometimes skepticism can help students distinguish the false and establish the right, because from history we know that not all the knowledge appearing on the textbooks or taught are  unalterable truth. If we were all to accept what we are taught on blind faith, our society would never progress or evolve.
History is replete with examples of students of science who challenged what they had been taught, thereby paving the way for scientific progress. For example, from the earth-centered solar system to the sun-centered solar system, then to a better understanding of the universe, human beings cognition of the universe developed, and each step of developing is a subversive challenge to the former one, and wrote a new chapter of human knowledge. This is the same to social, political, and arts realms, which may require even more spirits and actions of skepticism, since such fields are tightly related to the progress and prosperity of our society.

Admittedly, undue skepticism and indiscriminate questions will lower the study efficiency, and sometimes the correct thinking method. For instance, it is impossible for a primary school student to understand why one plus one makes two, a world class problem perplexing the mathematicians for decades. This example means that students should be encouraged to think critically depends on different situations. When lower grades students are learn some basic facts about science and arts, and the reasons or theories behind such facts are way beyond their ability to apprehend, or even a mystery in the professional field, too much questions on such problems equal a waste of time. However, when comes to the high school or college level, such questioning may just lead to specific academic approach in the future. So as long as the process of critical thinking is carried out reasonably, I believe its advantages always outweigh the disadvantages.

In sum, appropriate skepticism should be advocated and encouraged among students. To students' studies, being skeptical helps them learn effectively; to their personalities, being skeptical makes them independent thinkers; and to society, such students will eventually become people who help our society to grow and change.

爱上千年的猫UID: 2476232

1# fancyww

Skepticism, or critical thinking, is a method of pursuing knowledge through systematic doubt and continual testing. Once a great philosopher correctly put that, "skepticism is the first step towards truth" . And I also believe skepticism is one of the crucial powers driving students to become effective learners and real independent thinkers. Of course, in the process of critical thinking, students should avoid the undue skepticism.
首段先定义了skepticism/critical thinking，引用了名人的话语作为支持。进一步指出critical thinking对学生成为effective learners 和independent thinkers的重要作用。同时指出了要避免undue skepticism。首段给出了全文的思路提纲，个人觉得很清楚~唯一觉得有点别扭的是第二句中的correctly，以哲学家的话作为issue的支撑，况且又没有指出这位哲学家是谁，不应该绝对地将其评价为correctly吧？个人观点~

First of all, when students participate in the learning process with active suspicion and doubt, they learn more effectively. Here we should make it clear that encouraging skepticism from students does not means that they can prove what they have been taught are wrong. Since most contents appear in the textbooks have already been verified to be true, why bother to question them? The answer is that, in critical thinking, students can make learning an actively process instead of simply receiving knowledge passively. For example, when learning some difficult mathematic formulas, like the formula of the sum of a complicated sequence, students may easily get confused with other similar formulas and may never know how to use it to solve real problems if they just recite the formula by rote. Yet, if they question more about how the formula is deduced, and repeat the procedure themselves, they can keep the formula firmly in their mind and use it in a correct way. This is how skepticism, seemingly time-consuming and useless, can actually facilitate the learning process.
第二段展开第一个论点，critical thinking可以帮助学生有效学习，举了公式的记忆和应用的例子。楼主注意一下，本段中第2句和最后1句，我觉得在语法上都出了同样的问题，就是主宾语之间缺少了谓语。The answer is that句我改动了比较大，因为我完全没有读通这个句子，你可以再斟酌一下~另外对于什么是有效的学习公式，我觉得背诵+应用更具说服力，所以加上了应用公式解决问题来论证。红色的and repeat the procedure themselves建议删去，原因同上，有效学习公式背诵只是一方面，应用才是更重要。

Besides, sometimes skepticism can help students distinguish the false and establish the right, because we know from history that not all the knowledge appearing on the textbooks or taught are  unalterable truth. If we were all to accept what we are taught on blind faith, our society would never make progress or get evolved.
History is replete with examples of students of science who challenged what they had been taught, thereby paving the way for scientific progress. Consider the example of the understanding of the universe. From the earth-centered solar system to the sun-centered solar system, each step of developing is a subversive challenge to the former one. Human beings' cognition of the universe kept on developing and a new chapter of human knowledge have been written. This applys to social, political, and arts realms, which may require even more spirits and actions of skepticism, since such fields are tightly related to the progress and prosperity of our society.
第三段论证第二个论点，critical thinking可以帮助社会进步，以人类对宇宙的认识为例，最后将观点扩展到社会、政治、艺术领域，说明了skepticism的重要性。红色的部分建议删掉的原因是累赘。中间举例部分做了大修改，原因如下：1）引出举例的方式除了For example(上段已用过，避免重复）还有很多，比如范文里出现的很多你都可以自己总结一下；2）原文中这个例子只用了一个句子，一个句子中却又5个逗号，看起来很崩溃。。。

Admittedly, undue skepticism and indiscriminate questions will lower the study efficiency, and sometimes the correct thinking method. For instance, it is impossible for a primary school student to understand why one plus one makes two, a world class problem perplexing the mathematicians for decades. This example illustrates that students should be encouraged to think critically according to different situations. Lower grades students should be taught basic facts about science and arts. The reasons or theories behind such facts are well beyond their ability to apprehend, or even still a mystery in the professional field. Too much questions on such problems equal a waste of time. However, when comes to the high school or college level, such questioning can result in specific academic approach in the future. In this way, as long as the process of critical thinking is carried out reasonably, I believe the advantages of skepticism always outweigh the disadvantages.
第四段论证了最后一个论点，指出undue skepticism的不必要处。不过个人认为，这一段应该放在第二段的位置，在XDF上课的时候一休哥建议的模式是重点放在后边，即“负正正”或“正负负”的结构，第二段通常作为全文重点的一个让步段。中间的例子仍然和上一段的例子一样，句子过长导致表意不明。使用illustrate时觉得比mean高级一点点；使用can result in 是觉得这里语气需要肯定一些；So as long as有点怪，所以把so改成In this way.

In sum, appropriate skepticism should be advocated and encouraged among students. To students' studies, being skeptical helps them learn effectively; to their personalities, being skeptical makes them independent thinkers; and to society, such students will eventually become people who help our society to grow and improve.
结尾段重申适当的怀疑的重要作用，三个排比好像很厉害~只把最后一个change改成了褒义的improve。

欢迎楼主回拍：
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1058691-1-1.html

fancywwUID: 2583671

我还有点延续托福写作的习惯吧，习惯把让步放在最后一部分。

The answer is that, in critical thinking, students can make the process of learning active instead of being a passive receiver of knowledge.
答案是，在批判性思维中，学生可以让学习过程变为积极主动的，而不是做一个知识的被动接受者。
这么写不通顺吗？不过你这么一改还是很不错的。

第二点中间例子那个大长句我当时写好了也没注意到，呵呵，我也是特反感大长句的，一不小心自己写了一个。


你的语言功底很扎实呀，一些措辞修改得很不错，谢谢啦！

爱上千年的猫UID: 2476232

The answer is that, in critical thinking, students can make the process of learning active instead of being a passive receiver of knowledge. ...
fancyww 发表于 2010-2-7 13:33

嗯。。。这句当时没看懂，你说了以后我明白了。。。也是可以的，呵呵，我也刚刚开始写，互相指导好了，我还没考托福，打算G完了考

海王泪UID: 2673613

Issue153 ：Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.

Skepticism, or critical thinking, is a method of pursuing knowledge through systematic doubt and continual testing. Once a great philosopher correctly put that, "skepticism is the first step towards truth" . And I also believe skepticism is one of the crucial powers driving students to become effective learners and real independent thinkers. Of course, in the process of critical thinking, students should avoid the undue skepticism.
（Thesis句简洁有力~GOOD！）

First of all, when students participate in the learning process with active suspicion and doubt, they learn more effectively. Here we should make it clear that encouraging skepticism from students does not means that they can prove what they are taught wrong. So since what in the textbooks are verified to be true, why bother to question them? The answer is that, in critical thinking, students can make the process of learning active instead of being a passive receiver of knowledge. For example, when learning some difficult mathematic formulas, like the formula of the sum of a complicated sequence, if students just recite the formula itself by rote, they may easily forget it or get confused with other similar formulas. Yet, if they question more about how the formula is deduced, and repeat the procedure themselves, they can keep the formula firmly in their mind. This how skepticism, seemingly time-consuming and useless, can actually facilitate the learning process.
[个人感觉，这里你将Skeptism帮助“重现性理解”可以再挖深点，而不局限于反面是死记硬背。推导公式本来都印在书上，顺着作者思路理解不一定是Skeptism吧？写ARGU TASK时，我们不也要顺着作者的思路看“how the formula（argument） is deduced”吗？但ETS不会承认“repeat the procedure themselves”是Critical Thinking]
[嗯，我的意思是“question more about how the formula is deduced ”可以进一步描述，如果是我我会说“出书者水平较高但可能表达撰写能力参差不齐，于是在公式推导过程中忽略说明一些公认或其他学者认为较为简单的假设或步骤。如果初学者抱着怀疑精神，发现当中未提及的假设（很可能是以其他公式的结果为基础）、意识到推导过程不相连或隐含的步骤等等，从而最终构建出完整的推导过程并真正意义上学会公式（有时还会连带理解其他公式），这样子Skeptism会让学习变得非常有效率”]

Besides, sometimes skepticism can help students distinguish the false and establish the right, because from history we know that not all the knowledge appearing on the textbooks or taught are unalterable truth. If we were all to accept what we are taught on blind faith, our society would never progress or evolve.
[学生知道对错，否则社会就不进步。。这里点到为止，没有给出论证。感觉有点意犹未尽~原本读者还在期待着一大堆惊心动魄的恶劣后果拿来做反证呢！^_^]

History is replete with examples of students of science who challenged what they had been taught, thereby paving the way for scientific progress. For example, from the earth-centered solar system to the sun-centered solar system, then to a better understanding of the universe, human beings cognition of the universe developed, and each step of developing is a subversive challenge to the former one, and wrote a new chapter of human knowledge. This is the same to social, political, and arts realms, which may require even more spirits and actions of skepticism, since such fields are tightly related to the progress and prosperity of our society.
[记得Effective Writing中提到一个“So what”的问题。第二个意群说的是分辨对错、独立思考能带来社会进步，罗列批判性思维带来的成果以举例说明。从论证方面看来没有问题，但内容方面让人感觉有点平平。不会有人跳出来反对这个论述，因为这是人尽皆知的事实。]
感觉就是只能说明Skepticism和Society Progress的关联性，只是个现象，却没说出个中的因果关系。。哎呀~~我也不知道要怎么写好~~你看看有没有什么好想法？有记得告诉我哦！

Admittedly, undue skepticism and indiscriminate questions will lower the study efficiency, and sometimes the correct thinking method. For instance, it is impossible for a primary school student to understand why one plus one makes two, a world class problem perplexing the mathematicians for decades. This example means that students should be encouraged to think critically depends on different situations. When lower grades students are learn some basic facts about science and arts, and the reasons or theories behind such facts are way beyond their ability to apprehend, or even a mystery in the professional field, too much questions on such problems equal a waste of time. However, when comes to the high school or college level, such questioning may just lead to specific academic approach in the future. So as long as the process of critical thinking is carried out reasonably, I believe its advantages always outweigh the disadvantages.
[按教育阶段分]
借贵宝地Brainstorm一下: Basic facts如果犯法证实（validate, prove）或没办法证伪(Falsify, disprove)或没,就应该接受，还是存疑，还是说这是个不值得关注的问题？比如说1+1=几。。。。。呃~~BS不下去了。。
例子：（老师）圣经说上帝无所不能，所以用了7天创造万物。。。（小学生举手）：祂能创造出一块自己搬不动的石头吗？ （老师）呃~能吧。。（小学生）牠不是无所不能吗？怎么搬不动那石头。（老师）呃。。。
对于这种情况，老师的解决方法是？难道就不Encourage他们思考吗？不怕小时候压制孩子的疑问，形成惯性大了之后就不去批判性思维了吗？

In sum, appropriate skepticism should be advocated and encouraged among students. To students' studies, being skeptical helps them learn effectively; to their personalities, being skeptical makes them independent thinkers; and to society, such students will eventually become people who help our society to grow and change.
（漂亮的总结，仍然是那么简洁有力！）

我话比较多，但是就是个BS的过程~~所以尽量向你提不同意的声音，莫要见怪哦！

另外··FANCY姐有空记得回拍哦！
很想知道怎么能够把文章简洁有力地写出来。。我很纠结。。指导我一下可以吗？
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1058685-1-2.html

hugeseaUID: 190158

我还有点延续托福写作的习惯吧，习惯把让步放在最后一部分。

The answer is that, in critical thinking, students can make the process of learning active instead of being a passive receiver of knowledge. ...
fancyww 发表于 2010-2-7 13:33

我觉得这里用in不好，用with吧或者through

通过批判性思维....

同时，你的issue我也改完了

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