[phoenix] argument51 第一次作业 by 5号

kusinerlooUID: 2608701

51. The following appeared in a medical newsletter.

"Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients. The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients in the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician, were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly reduced. Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment."

医生长期以来怀疑严重肌肉扭伤后的二次感染妨碍了一些患者迅速康复。这一假说现在被一项对两组患者的研究的初步结果所证实。第一组患者全部由专攻运动医学的Dr. Newland治疗肌肉损伤，他们在疗程中经常服用抗生素。他们的康复期平均比通常预期的快40％。第二组患者由综合医师Dr. Alton治疗，他们被给予糖丸，而患者相信他们在服用抗生素。他们的平均康复时间没有明显缩短。因此，任何被确诊为肌肉损伤的患者应被建议服用抗生素作为辅助治疗。

提纲：

不是所有的人都会严重拉伤，即使严重拉伤也不一定会感染。

对照试验两组人没有可比性，医生也没有可比性

第二组人吃的糖丸效果不明

In this medical newsletter, the arguer recommends that all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment, to substantiate the conclusion, the arguer cites a preliminary result of a control experiment. However, there are several fallacies that the arguer should also take into account
.

Firstly, the assumption that the secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after muscle strain cannot automatically lead to the conclusion that all the patients suffering from muscle strain should take antibiotics. As a rule, the patients who are diagnosed with may not suffer from severe muscle strain and secondary infections. Perhaps most of them could be normal or light muscle strain. In this case, the precondition of this conclusion is unauthentic. What’s more, no evidence has showed that patients who suffer from severe muscle strain would unavoidable have secondary infection. As common sense, such infections may just infect in certain conditions, if a patient have a proper treatment, to a great extend second infection will not occur. As a consequent, antibiotics are not necessary to be taken.

Moreover, another fundamental problem involves the experimental process. The experiment’s results are reliable only if all other factors that may affect treatment result remain constant. But no information about the difference between the patients of two groups has been provided. We can easily see, if the patients of first group are stronger than the second one, the different of recuperation time is inescapability. In addition, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine usually have a better understanding of the muscle strain than a general physician, Dr. Newland, the doctor of first group, may give a more appropriate and effective treatment schedule to the patients of first group. Thus, antibiotics may not to play a crucial role in this experiment. Without evidence of the experiment’s methodological and statistical reliability, the arguer’s conclusion is unjustifiable.

Finally, the sugar pills which be used for the patients of second group is doubtful. No evidence has showed that the sugar pills have no influences to the patients. Although unlikely, if sugar pills have adverse influences to the patients, the result of experiment would be totally incorrect. The contribution of antibiotics should be doubtful in this assumption.

In sum, unless a more comprehensive study are taken to research whether antibiotics have notable effect on the treatment of severe muscle strain with secondary infections, we cannot draw a conclusion that people who suffer from muscle strain should take antibiotics as part of their treatment.

86145787UID: 2672301

1# kusinerloo


LZ的这篇文章基本上没有语言上的问题，论证也是完善的。
我谨说一下我对这个文章的提纲，互相提高

1，1 医生怀疑严重肌肉扭伤后的二次感染会影响患者康复，而对比试验中的被观察病人只是普通的肌肉劳损，没有参考价值。
2，  2   对比试验的除了抗生素和糖丸之外的其他因素，没有做到统一。不同专业的医生，可能还有不同的用药，不同的治疗仪器，所以试验结果当然也没有意义。
3 糖丸可能对试验有影响。


可能我也有遗漏的地方，还请楼主见谅。