Issue43：第一篇，求拍：）

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ISSUE43 - "To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards."

An leader, is the key to the success of any compaign, group, or state. To be effective, he should be a role model for people he leads. Therefore, strict requirements are placed on his ethic and moral. However, under some situations, being adherent to the standards is not applicable, a leade should be strategic on such cases. Also, ethical and moral issues usually threaten career of a leader, his compaign, or the state.

Ethics and morals, as Macheavelli stated in his "the Princess", fall short under many cases. Problems that a leader may confront ususally involves many participants and there are many factors should be taken into consideration. A leader should weight among those participants and factors, anticipate possible consequences of his decisions, negotiate with people whose interests will be affected by the secisions, and make balanced decisions. Under such complicate situations, being adherent to ethical and moral standards all the time is not possible. Considering the example of wars, military leaders often use differenct tactics to combat enemies, a primary strategy is to cheat on ememies. This is not honest. However, to be honest, in such situations, would put many people's lives and that of the leader at the stake. Therefore, a leader can not be rigidly adherent to ethical and moral standards.

Not ethical, pretend to be, still OK.

For a leader, as an individual, morality is a basic requirement. Though adherence to the standards is not permitted by actual situations, a basic requirement on a leader, is his ethic and morality. Whether as an individual, or a member of a compaign, he should be regulated by the principles of humanity, and rules of the group. Without holding such responsibilities, he even can not act as a qualified individual, how can he be a leader, not to mention, an effective leader.

Furthermore, ethical and morals issues usually have negative impacts on the leader, the group he represents, and even the nation. There are many examples that the careers of leaders were destroyed by personal ethical and morals issues, or by those in groups. Watergate accident is such a case, wire-tapping initiated by the president lead to the resign of a US president.

Leaders should maintain ethical and moral standards when applicable, otherwise, too rigid adherence to the standards may affect effectiveness.