The professor raises the issue that theportrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is painted by Rembrandt bygiving three new explanations. Simultaneously, she completely refutes thepassage.
First of all, the professor points out thatthe fore color is added one hundred years after the original picture was made,in order to increase the value of the painting. Due to the change, theinconsistent mentioned in the passage exists.
Secondly, when experts rule out the latterchange, we can see in the original painting the woman is wearing a simple lightcolor, which reflects the light to illuminate the woman's face, not becomespartially shadow. This point illustrates the master skill of Rembrandt just asexpect and successfully explain the error claimed in the reading material.
Finally, the lecture indicts that thepainting was painted on one single panel made of wood. And the wood glued panelis used when add the fore color. In order to make the picture grander and morevaluable, pieces of wood glued panel was necessary. Simultaneously, theprofessor gives other evidence, that the wood in the back of this painting isexactly the same as other Rembrandt's panel wood, to demonstrate it isRembrandt's painting.
The professor raises the issue thatdinosaurs were not endotherms. Simultaneously, she completely demonstrates thatthe argument, which is not sufficient to prove dinosaurs were endotherms,mentioned in the passage is largely result from the ignorance and prejudice.
First of all, the speaker mentions thededuction in the passage that only endotherms can be survived in polar religionis questionable. Since ancient polar was warmer than modern polar region. Andduring the season of cold in polar, the dinosaur still could migrant or hibernatingto live. Thus, indeed there are dinosaur fossils in polar region. But it cannotsuccessful illuminate that dinosaur were endotherms.
Second, she claims the leg position andmovement are not necessarily means dinosaur can run. The legs of dinosaur wereunderneath. And this can help dinosaur to support more weight. And its largesize had numerous advantages and not need to run.
Third, the lecture state other evidence tosupport that dinosaur were not endotherms. Dinosaurs grew rapidly when thetemperature was relatively high; and it grew slowly when it was colder. Theseviolate the characteristic of endotherms, which grow rapidly even when outsideis cool.
The lecture claims that onlineencyclopedias have more advantages than disadvantage. Simultaneously, itcomprehensively refutes the passage by proving that the tradition encyclopediaslargely result from ignorance and prejudice.
First of all, the lecture points out thatcommunal online encyclopedias can correct the mistakes easily and timely.Contrary to the belief in the passage that the traditional encyclopedias arewritten by experts who fluent in academic rigor have less errors and morevalue, the speaker indicts that errors is existing on all off-line materialsand it might take several decades to revise the incorrect information.
Second, the lecture presents two policiesto protect the accurate and correct entry made by hackers. First is the communalonline encyclopedias set the indisputable entries at a fixed format, and no onecan change these entries. This methods not only can effectively protects thehackers or vandals to fabricate, delete and corrupt information, but also tellsuser where is showing the academic or orthodox information. Second is that theonline encyclopedias hire some special editors to modify the incorrectinformation timely.
Third, the speaker mentions the weakness oftraditional encyclopedias. Since the traditional encyclopedias have limitedspace, the academic group must decide what is put in the treasure page.Therefore the materials in tradition encyclopedia not reflect the majority’sinterest. Nonetheless, the sufficient space for the online resource guaranteesthe variety of its articles which cater the user’s interest.