作业

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

第一次统一作业

jingjing017UID: 2734491

响应号召 先占个楼

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

小猴组 3月26 第一次作业  issue 144

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

Issue 144   It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value.

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

希望在发帖之前 首先纠正好拼写错误 便于其他同学修改

Issue 144   It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value.

Despite the widespread understanding of art that it can provide pleasure, I concede that artists are able to present us with insight to what is eternal and universal in society through their works. However, it is unwise for us to ignore the importance of critics when talking about artists.

Admittedly, artists add their feelings and society values to their works, and therefore may boost the improvement of society. Here are some examples well known to us. William Shakespeare's operas show author's hope for a better human society, John Lennon's Imagine indicates singer's desire for a peaceful world, and Claude Monet's Impression Sunshine presents us his honestly love to nature, all of which motivate people's love to life. In this sense, the significance of artists is conspicuously acceptable to us that they bring something necessary and valuable to the society.

Unfortunately, there are several major factors have some bearing on the society value other than artists, such as critics, who practically help the artists to reach their purposes.

On the one hand, what the artists want to say is so obscurity that it is difficult for the masses to realise through their works. Under this circumstance, the critics play an important role in helping them better understand the true meaning of the artists. Moreover, methods the artists choose to demonstrate their feelings are limited to some extent, whereas the critics can make it available and more easy to contact with the artists, through newspapers, TV programs, and also Internet.

On the other hand, what the critics can do is more than what I say above. Common belief tells me that, unlike artists, critics often observe the real world in a particular eyesight. Consequently, they will find other problems existing in our society that artists may have no opportunity to see. In addition, voices from the masses are available to artists through the efforts of critics, which certainly contribute to the creativity of arts.

In fact, both artists and critics are indispensable to the true and long-term success of our society. Without artists, creativity is essentially impossible. Without critics, a widespread misunderstanding is possible to the masses. Insofar as I can see, only their cooperation may produce a better society and leave more valuable things to next generations.

Furthermore, artists sometimes are the critics to some extent. For example, artists take a stand against certain practices in the society that they consider to be unjust. The French painter Honore Daumier used his brush and pencil to protest political oppression in the 1830. This is a form of expressionism and we call cultural criticism.

In sum, either the artist nor the critic can, separately, promise society something of last value. Any excessive emphasis on either of them could bring some negative side effects, such as the misunderstanding of arts and the standstill of the arts Otherwise, other significant factors that may equally bring us the lasting value should also be taken into consideration, such as the technique, culture tradition, and morality, without any of which the society can hardly reach a balance development.

cccuiUID: 2704122

Issue144 "It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value."

The speaker’s assertion that it is the artist rather than the critic contributes mainly to the lasting value for society is defective，for the reason that it completely ignores the value for the artists’ works. In human civilization, artists and critics are always firmly associated together. In my view, the lasting value of arts is not only stemming from the artists’ works but also the critics’ diffusion, systematization and feedback.  

To begin with, undeniably, it is the artists who create so much priceless works and share with the society of their private emotions and talents. On one hand, the artists give people the enjoyment of beauty and the cultivation of taste. For instance, the great painting-Impression, Sunrise created by Claude Monet presents the skillful use of light and shade which appeal to people’s appreciation and meditation. Another well-known example is the attractive music, created by Chopin, which pay much attention on the delicate emotion and poetic imagery, is widely spread around the world. On the other hand, arts can help the masses to understand some profound phenomenon in society and give them spirit incentives. Cite Mark Twain’s and Hemingway’s novel as an example, the former’s novels reveals the canker of the contemporary society’s regime and life in America and the latter’s novels give the masses the encouragement towards danger and hardships. Definitely, both of them give the society invaluable contributions. Therefore, the artists’ works indeed possess lasting value for the society.

However, the significance of critics should not be overlooked absolutely. Firstly, the critics widely disseminate the artworks and make the masses become more intimate and understanding towards arts. Learning from the critics valuable comments, the public have more professional visions to appreciate the arts and subsequently can cultivate his/her own taste. Secondly, some critics not only estimate the various artworks but also classify them and make it systematize. For instance, there is many schools of literature such as the romanticism, critical realism, transcendentalism and so forth. The critics, with expertise in arts, categorize so many artworks according to their creative styles and aesthetic standards. Thirdly, critics can give the artists some constructive feedbacks which facilitate the development of arts. Critics’ criticism is a feedback towards artists’ vision and can supplement the work and make the artists’ creation more precious afterwards. Moreover, with some commercial thinking, the comments remarked by critics can regulate the art market, and make it steady-functioning. Since so much important effects are mentioned above, it is really unfair to ignore the critics’ crucial role.

To describe the artists and critics relationship more vividly, we can image the arts as a healthy tree. Artist’s works are just like the green leaves and sturdy trunks while the critic’s criticism is resemble the nutrient in the soil and water. Without rich nutrient, the whole tree would definitely wither up. Therefore, the artists and critics are supplemented by each other and both of them are indispensible in arts.

All in all, from the discussion above, we can draw the conclusion that artists play an important role in creating the priceless artworks while the critics also contributes a lot to the arts in other facets such as the dissemination, systematization, feedback and regulation in art market. In other words, the artists accomplish the humanistic value of arts while the critics complete it with valuable appreciation and popularization.

cccuiUID: 2704122

Despite the widespread understanding of art that it can provide pleasure, I concede that artists are able to present us with insight to what is eternal and universal in society through their works. (承认艺术家的作用和人们对艺术家普遍理解之间为何要despite？)However, it is unwise for us to ignore the importance of critics when talking about artists.
改的猴子的文章，感觉水平也有限，改不出什么东西来~
Admittedly, artists add their feelings and society values to their works, and（去掉and好了） therefore may boost the improvement of society. Here are some examples well known to us. William Shakespeare's operas show author's hope for a better human society, John Lennon's Imagine indicates singer's desire for a peaceful world, and Claude Monet's Impression Sunshine presents us his honestly love to nature, all of which motivate people's love to life. In this sense, the significance of artists is conspicuously acceptable（aware？） to us that they bring something necessary and valuable to the society.（这一段比较简洁清晰地）

Unfortunately（感觉用unfortunately读着意思上不太顺口…毕竟不是普通转折）, there are several major factors have some bearing on the society value other than artists, such as critics, who practically help the artists to reach their purposes.

On the one hand, what the artists want to say is so obscurity（形容词形式obscure） that it is difficult for the masses to realize through their works. Under this circumstance, the critics play an important role in helping them better understand the true meaning of the artists. Moreover, methods the artists choose to demonstrate their feelings are limited to some extent, whereas the critics can make it available and more easy(easier) to contact with the artists, through newspapers, TV programs, and also Internet.

On the other hand, what the critics can do is more than what I say above. Common belief tells me that, unlike artists, critics often observe the real world in a particular eyesight. Consequently, they will find other problems existing in our society that artists may have no opportunity to see. In addition, voices from the masses are available to artists through the efforts of critics, which certainly contribute to the creativity of arts.

In fact, both artists and critics are indispensable to the true and long-term success of our society. Without artists, creativity is essentially impossible. Without critics, a widespread misunderstanding is possible to the masses. Insofar as I can see, only their cooperation may produce a better society and leave more valuable things to next generations.

Furthermore, artists sometimes are the critics to some extent. For example, artists take a stand against certain practices in the society that they consider to be unjust. The French painter Honore Daumier used his brush and pencil to protest political oppression in the 1830. This is a form of expressionism and we call cultural criticism.（这一段还是比较新颖的，建议可以在详细论证下好了）

In sum, either(neither) the artist nor the critic can, separately, promise society something of last(lasting) value. Any excessive emphasis on either of them could bring some negative side effects, such as the misunderstanding of arts and the standstill of the arts. Otherwise, other significant factors that may equally bring us the lasting value should also be taken into consideration, such as the technique, culture tradition, and morality, without any of which the society can hardly reach a balance development.(觉着这最后一句就不用了吧，题目就限于artists and critics啊)

mobius.x64UID: 2628671

昨天断网了还没来得及把CC的文章帖上来, 现在补上:P

Issue144 by CC (modified by mobius)

The speaker’s assertion that it is the artist rather than the critic contributes mainly to the lasting value for society is defective, for the reason that it completely ignores the value for the artists’ works. In human civilization, artists and critics are always firmly associated together. In my view, the lasting value of arts is not only stemming from the artists’ works but also the critics’ diffusion, systematization and feedback.

To begin with, undeniably, it is the artists who create so much priceless works and share with the society of their private emotions and talents. On one hand, the artists give people the enjoyment of beauty and the cultivation of taste. For instance, the great painting-Impression, Sunrise created by Claude Monet presents the skillful use of light and shade which appeal to people’s appreciation and meditation. Another well-known example is the attractive music, created by Chopin, which pay much attention on the delicate emotion and poetic imagery, is widely spread around the world. On the other hand, arts can help the masses to understand some profound phenomenon in society and give them spirit incentives. Cite Mark Twain’s and Hemingway’s novel as an example, the former’s novels reveals the canker of the contemporary society’s regime and life in America and the latter’s novels give the masses the encouragement towards danger and hardships. Definitely, both of them give the society invaluable contributions. Therefore, the artists’ works indeed possess lasting value for the society.

However, the significance of critics should not be overlooked absolutely. Firstly, the critics widely disseminate the artworks and make the masses become more intimate and understanding towards arts. Learning from the critics valuable comments (comments of critics), the public have more professional visions to appreciate the arts and subsequently can cultivate his/her own taste. Secondly, some critics not only estimate the various artworks but also classify them and make it systematize (应该是systematized吧). For instance, there is (are) many schools of literature such as the romanticism, critical realism, transcendentalism and so forth. The critics, with expertise in arts, categorize so many artworks according to their creative styles and aesthetic standards. Thirdly, critics can give the artists some constructive feedbacks which facilitate the development of arts. Critics’ criticism is a feedback towards artists’ vision and can supplement the work and make the artists’ creation more precious afterwards. Moreover, with some commercial thinking, the comments remarked by critics can regulate the art market, and make it steady-functioning. Since so much important effects are mentioned above, it is really unfair to ignore the critics’ crucial role. (这段对批评家的作用归纳的很好, 但似乎主要还是强调其significance, 要是结合”lasting value”来总结一下就更好了. 另外有人批评说艺术品市场化将艺术品的交换价值强加于其欣赏价值之上从而使其”非艺术化”…一家之言, 有不妥还请指出:P)

To describe the artists and critics relationship more vividly, we can image the arts as a healthy tree. Artist’s works are just like the green leaves and sturdy trunks while the critic’s criticism is resemble the nutrient in the soil and water. Without rich nutrient, the whole tree would definitely wither up. Therefore, the artists and critics are supplemented by each other and both of them are indispensable (indispensable) in arts.

All in all, from the discussion above, we can draw the conclusion that artists play an important role in creating the priceless artworks while the critics also contributes a lot to the arts in other facets such as the dissemination, systematization, feedback and regulation in art market. In other words, the artists accomplish the humanistic value of arts while the critics complete it with valuable appreciation and popularization (嗯.. 结论最好再切题一点, 毕竟题目的关键是lasting value).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

我的, 请楼下多指教
ISSUE 144 by mobius

Title: "It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value."

Outline:
* 评论家的工作虽然要借助一定的评价体系, 但仍然是个人而主观的. 评论家们不会将自己完全排除于社会之外因而不可避免的被打上时代的烙印
   --例子: 不同时期的Top 100 movie, Gone with the Wind这样的电影尽管经久不衰也会在这样的榜单里进进出出(感觉不是很有说服力, 期待各位指点).
* 艺术家的工作则具有相对客观的美, 因为我们对美的感知不是完全主观的或完全由社会因素决定的.
   --早先各大洲的文明之间虽然没有任何交流但都独自发展出了绘画及音乐等艺术形式, 暗示我们的美感是与生理结构相关的;
   --艺术作品总是用一些基本元素创作比如旋律总是用7声调式谱成, 意即我们总是对特定的sensation产生共鸣. 无论历史如何改变, 这些基本元素构建的作品在一直在感动我们;
   --例子: 我们也许需要评论家告诉我们"最后的晚餐"里暗藏了多少秘密, 但我们不需要评论家也能感知黄昏中的泰姬陵的美...

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It is clear that art is an indispensable part of our social life, without which the civilization can be only painted with gray of apathy. The artworks fascinate us, bring us sensation, and sometimes we need criticism and guidance from critics to fully enjoy them. To be sure, critics dig and convey the treasures to us from the mines of artworks. But in my view it is the artists who create those treasures originally serve more as the providers of lasting value for the society.

When referring to a famous artwork, it is also very easy to recall the comments and criticism besides the sensation from the work. Critics, according to common definition, offer reasoned judgment or analysis, value judgment, interpretation, or observation of the work. One character shared by critics is the deep understanding of concerned field, subjects, theories and evaluating system. This makes them superior to common people who may regard them as the "authority". However this authority doesn't mean stable standard. One thing must be pointed out that the works of critics, the comment and criticism, are personal and subjective anyway despite of the objective basis of the concerned evaluating system. Since they couldn't exclude themselves from the society of their time completely, their works would be marked by the popular trend inevitably. Take a look at those Top 100 Movie lists of different eras, movies such as "Gone with the Wind" can be included or excluded despite of their long-lasting vitality.

The creators of artworks cannot exclude themselves from the trend either. But their works which are less socially-determined possess the beauty objectively. The artistic forms such as painting and music had been generated in different cultures that distributed on geographically separated continents before intercontinental intercourse took place. This suggests that our sense of beauty is physiologically-dependent to some extent, and our aesthetic perception is not completely determined by social factors, namely we don't have to always be dependent on criticism to get the artistic conception that artists want to convey to us through their works. In fact, colorful paintings are painted with certain color set, and melodies are composed with notes of fundamental 7 tones, and poems are arranged by the similar rhythm format, only certain sensation from these basic elements can resonate us. It is the artworks created by artists with these common basic elements that keep on fascinating us, no matter what changes the history may witness. And this is what critics rely on. We may need criticism and interpretion to understand in depth how many secrets may be hidden in "The Last Supper", but we need no critic to feel how beautiful the Taj Mahal in sunset glow is, or to taste how sad the story "Romeo and Juliet" is.

Thus, it is the artists who bring us the eternal fascination of human spirit, the lasting value. Critics play important roles to both the artists and audience indeed, they can help artists to make improvement or expand the value of artworks, but what matters really is what artists have created in their artworks, the beauty that lights and colors up our hearts forever.

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

规则注意：
1 修改作文的时候最好使用不同的颜色， 这样比较明显，也比较清晰
2 将楼上同学的作文改完后全文粘贴过来，然后再在后面跟帖自己的作文，不要只跟不改
3 无论是issue 还是argue 都希望每个同学能尽量修改

布置一下明天的作业

小猴组  3月27号 第二次作业   issue  40   argue 238

hiss2010UID: 2787742

Issue144 "It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value."

I concede that critics provide different , professional and illuminating perspective for audiences to better understand arts . Yet, in my view , the fact that artists pay numerous efforts in art creation which is an indispensible part of society value also cannot be ignored.


To begin with, artists devote wholeheartedly to art and bring aethetic pleasure to the world. For instance,Italian famous artist Michelangelo’s  miraculous mural painting located in Saint Sisten Chapel leaves the whole world not only the aethetic enjoyment , the artist also painted a perpect imaginary future in order to bring hope for Christians and arouse the fighting will which deep inside people’s heart.  


Secondly, artists’ contribution to the world should not just be limited in the compositions ,novels or paintings. They also play an significant role in society revolution and make society’s traditional value much fresher. It was artists first convey the thought of humanism during the period of Renaissance . Without the paintings of Da Vinci ,Raphael and other painters , common ciziens cannot get touch with humanism and this new thought cannot be broadcasted so rapidly and effectively.



Admittedly,even though critics can take a different but equally illuminating viewpoint by making comments on some indigestible oil paintings ,music ,movies or articles for audiences , critics cannot avoid themselves deliberately subverting the oriental intention of artists for the following reasons. Firstly , driving by the economic market, critics may demean or neglect the arts which cannot bring large amount of benefits directly but appreciate the oppisites. Secondly, critics cannot evaluate arts objectively by the heavily influence of ideology in sepcial historical time. During the period of the first World War, critics from one side cannot comprehend and make comments on the art which from different side impartially because of impulses of nationalism and ideology.


In sum ,admittedly ,in deed, artists do need critics’ commentary to communicate their ideas with people .However , we cannot simply conclude that critics contribute more than artists . There is  an uncomplicated  metaphor which can help us understand the different functions of artists and critics .If the society’s culture is a house, artists’ works are the foundamental stone of the house , and critics’ works are the decorations. The decorations makes the house more comfortable and familier ,yet if there is no groundworks the house would not exist .Thus we cannot demean or exaggerate either.

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

It is clear that art is an indispensable part of our social life, without which the civilization can be only painted with gray of apathy. The artworks fascinate us, bring us sensation, and (感觉but 是不是更好点)sometimes we need criticism and guidance from critics to fully enjoy them. To be sure, critics dig and convey the treasures to us from the mines of artworks. But in my view it is the artists who create those treasures originally serve more as the providers of lasting value for the society.（表述比较简洁，立场明确，对两者做出了明确的比较）

When referring to a famous artwork, it is also very easy to recall the comments and criticism besides the sensation from the work. Critics, according to common definition, offer reasoned （judgment or ）analysis, value judgment, interpretation, or observation of the work. One character shared by critics is the deep understanding of concerned fields, subjects, theories and evaluating system. This makes them superior to common people who may regard them as the "authority". However this authority doesn't mean stable standard. One thing must be pointed out that the works of critics, the comment and criticism, are personal and subjective anyway despite of the objective basis of the concerned evaluating system. Since they couldn't exclude themselves from the society of their time completely, their works would be marked by the popular trend inevitably. Taking a look at those Top 100 Movie lists of different eras, movies such as "Gone with the Wind" can be included or excluded (despite of their long-lasting vitality), Which is determined more on the their influences to the society at that time than their long-lasting value.( 这样写会不会好一点)

The creators of artworks cannot exclude themselves from the trend either. But their works which are less socially-determined possess the beauty objectively. The artistic forms such as painting and music had been generated in different cultures that distributed on geographically separated continents before intercontinental intercourse took place. This suggests that our sense of beauty is physiologically-dependent to some extent, and our aesthetic perception is not completely determined by social factors, namely we don't have to always be dependent on criticism to get the artistic conception that artists want to convey to us through their works.（这里有点牵强， 各大洲之间没有交流不表示没有critics） In fact, colorful paintings are painted with certain color set, and melodies are composed with notes of fundamental 7 tones, and poems are arranged by the similar rhythm format, only certain sensation from these basic elements can resonate us. It is the artworks created by artists with these common basic elements that keep on fascinating us, no matter what changes the history may witness. And this is what critics rely on.（rely on what? 这里没有看出和critics 有什么关系） We may need criticism and interpretion to understand in depth how many secrets may be hidden in "The Last Supper", but we need no critic to feel how beautiful the Taj Mahal in sunset glow is, or to taste how sad the story "Romeo and Juliet" is.

Thus, it is the artists who bring us the eternal fascination of human spirit, the lasting value. Critics play important roles to both the artists and audience indeed, and also they can help artists to make improvement or expand the value of artworks, but what matters really（感觉放在matters之前会顺一些） is what artists have created in their artworks, the beauty that lights and colors up our hearts forever.

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

不好意思 之前没有看到楼上同学的作业  之后跟帖的同学请修改hiss2010的文章

hiss2010UID: 2787742

Issue 40 "Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."

This issue is concerned about the relationship between the interests of scholars and the whole society’s benefits and whether the  scholars and researchers should pursue their own interests rather than working to contribute to the larger society. Of course it is perfect if they can work on the need of the society while satisfying their own interests, but if it is not, I am prone to accept the opinion that scholars and researchers should focus on how the society can benefit from their works.


Admittedly, personal interest to one research item is one of the most powerful impetus for every researcher. After all, if a scientist has no interest on his subject , he or she cannot devote all his wisdom into this item and his inner potential strength cannot be aroused .To say noting about making achievements in this scientific area and contributing to the society.  For instance,before Thomas Alva Edison found tungsten filaments ,he was not tired of trying thousands for an crazy fantasy to light . If Edison did not have a fever toward light , he may had gave up in the second or third time .Let alone making contribution to our society and people could not enjoy the convenients which the light bring .

However, we cannot exaggerate a scientist’s capability of doing research excessively. There are more and more signifcant research discoveries accomplished by a group of scientists in modern acadamic world. In certain scientific field , a scientist cannot accomplish one small task even if he is filled with ardour and sincerity to this topic and devote himself with heart and soul without the assists of others,such as astronomy . Even the most tiniest accessory of an aerospace ship is the exertion of teamwork and the fruit of all scientists’ labour. What’s more,one successful satelite emission requires hundards of scientists’ corporation and hardworking.

Finally,accomplishing one science research will cost large amount of natural resourses and need sufficient financial support.If a scientist make decisions merely according to his curiosity and without ruling out the negative effects in one research, it will bring a great harm not only to our life but also to our earth. We can cite the invention of nuclear power as an example. The inventor may not imagine that nuclear can be used as a fatal weapon killing so many lives in wars one day and destroy living envrionment.

In sum, if one scientist or scholar cannot find a balance between his interest and society’s benefit, he should choose to work for the latter.

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

This issue is concerned about the relationship between the interests of scholars and the whole society’s benefits ，and whether the  scholars and researchers should pursue their own interests rather than working to contribute to the larger society. （加个逗号把 感觉读起来有点累）Of course it is perfect if they can work on the need of the society while satisfying their own interests；感觉用分号好一些 but if it is not, I am prone to accept the opinion that scholars and researchers should focus on how the society can benefit from their works.


Admittedly, personal interest to one research item is one of the most powerful impetus for every researcher. After all, if a scientist has no interest on his subject , he or she cannot devote all his wisdom into this item and his inner potential strength cannot be aroused .To say noting about making achievements in this scientific area and contributing to the society.  For instance,before Thomas Alva Edison found tungsten filaments ,he was not tired of trying thousands for an crazy fantasy to light . If Edison did not have a fever toward light , he may had gave up in the second or third time .Let alone making contribution to our society and people could not enjoy the convenients which the light bring . 没有别的例子了？

However, we cannot exaggerate a scientist’s capability of doing research excessively. There are more and more signifcant research discoveries accomplished by a group of scientists in modern acadamic world. In certain scientific field , a scientist cannot accomplish one small task even if he is filled with ardour and sincerity to this topic and devote himself with heart and soul without the assists of others,such as astronomy . Even the most tiniest accessory of an aerospace ship is the exertion of teamwork and the fruit of all scientists’ labour. What’s more,one successful satelite emission requires hundards of scientists’ corporation and hardworking. 这一段怎么开始讲合作的重要性了？ 似乎与题目不太符

Finally,accomplishing one science research will cost large amount of natural resourses and need sufficient financial support.If a scientist make decisions merely according to his curiosity and without ruling out the negative effects in one research, it will bring a great harm not only to our life but also to our earth. We can cite the invention of nuclear power as an example. The inventor may not imagine that nuclear can be used as a fatal weapon killing so many lives in wars one day and destroy living envrionment.

In sum, if one scientist or scholar cannot find a balance between his interest and society’s benefit, he should choose to work for the latter.    balance  应该就是有所倾向的 难道找到了平衡 就可以只为前者？







小猴组  3月28日 第三次作业  issue 48

Daisy1210UID: 2746701

昨天因为上不了网 所以没有及时布置作业  现在把昨天的作业发上来 顺便布置今天的作业