[1010G]决战2010备考日志by toywang---座右铭：这是一件对得起自己的事情

toywangUID: 2700880

April 16/17
开会过来，看到计划。
来的比想象中快  明天argu53， 还没弄懂什么情况呢
赶快写哦。。。。。

toywangUID: 2700880

April 19
追星剑特训--只针对issue的训练
Chapter1.1 Terminology 关键字眼
  issue144：对关键字的解析
           15：替换

issue17. "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
            key words: just and unjust    obey and disobey   
the material which refer to  just and unjust :
Nearly every writer on the philosophy of civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr., makes a connection between King and Henry David Thoreau, usually via Thoreau’s famous essay, “Civil Disobedience” (1849). In his book Stride Toward Freedom (1958), King himself stated that Thoreau’s essay was his first intellectual contact with the theory of passive resistance to governmental laws that are perceived as morally unjust. However, this emphasis on Thoreau’s influence on King is unfortunate: first, King would not have agreed with many other aspects of Thoreau’s philosophy, including Thoreau’s ultimate acceptance of violence as a form of protest; second, an overemphasis on the influence of one essay has kept historians from noting other correspondences between King’s philosophy and transcendentalism. “Civil Disobedience” was the only example of transcendentalist writing with which King was familiar, and in many other transcendentalist writings, including works by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, King would have found ideas more nearly akin to his own.
The kind of civil disobedience King had in mind was, in fact, quite different from Thoreau’s view of civil disobedience. Thoreau, like most other transcendentalists, was primarily interested in reform of the individual, whereas King was primarily interested in reform of society. As a protest against the Mexican War, Thoreau refused to pay taxes, but he did not hope by his action to force a change in national policy. While he encouraged others to adopt similar protests, he did not attempt to mount any mass protest action against unjust laws. In contrast to Thoreau, King began to advocate the use of mass civil disobedience to effect revolutionary changes within the social system.
However, King’s writings suggest that, without realizing it, he was an incipient transcendentalist. Most transcendentalists subscribed to the concept of “higher law” and included civil disobedience to unjust laws as part of their strategy. They often invoked the concept of higher law to justify their opposition to slavery and to advocate disobedience to the strengthened Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. In his second major book, King’s discussion of   just and unjust laws   and the responsibility of the individual is very similar to the transcendentalists’ discussion of higher law. In reference to how one can advocate breaking some laws and obeying others, King notes that there are two types of laws, just and unjust; he describes a just law as a “code that squares with the moral law” and an unjust law as a “code that is out of harmony with the moral law.” Thus, King’s opposition to the injustice of legalized segregation in the twentieth century is philosophically akin to the transcendentalists’ opposition to the Fugitive Slave Law in the nineteenth century.

issue176. "The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset. Therein lies the value of each."
1．However, it is unwarranted to simply category the goals of these two fields into either to reassure or to upset, while neglecting the fully scrutiny of them, as the speaker does. My contention towards this assertion is that both arts and science can perform diverse functions in the society and should not be confined in such simple words, as discussed below.
这是第一种，选定的关键词为assure和upset。然后提出自己的观点为双方都各有利弊。是比较常见的写法。底下分别写S的利弊和A的利弊

As far as I am concerned, the function and purpose of art and science are both reassure and upset.

So far as their functions, or aims, are considered, reassurance and creation are not the chief ones among the variety achievements they have brought us.

2. In my opinion, on balance, this viewpoint reflects the roles they play in the human society correctly.
这是第二种，选定的关键词为lies the value 。根据关键词定出的文章逻辑为。S的ASSUE；A的UPSET；然后让步说这点并不代表SA什么都不同

3．As we know, value is an abstract notion; everything has its value, but no one could easily generalize the value of certain thing comprehensively, for it depends on the situations and how people consider it. So, if we intend to quest for the value of something, it must be more essential and more objective. For this rule, the statement mentioned about the value of science and art seems to be lame and hardly creditable.
这是第三种，选定的关键词为value。文章结构为分别阐述S 和A作者认为实际拥有的价值

4．The speaker contends that the aim of science is to reassure, and the purpose of art is to upset. While the speaker has overlooked other functions of science and art, on the balance, I take the concession with the speaker' view.
这是第四种，选定的关键词为therein。文章结构为先肯定现有观点，再补充自己观点。

5．Although the initial aim of science is to make the world orderly and the original goal of art is to explore the intrinsic nature of human being which would make the people upset. In fact, science often upset people and the art reassure us as well. Both of them in aim at explore our internal and external world.
同样是选assure和upset但是文章结构是完全颠覆原来观点

toywangUID: 2700880

chapter  1.2  morehttps://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=201072&extra=&page=1
more型题目
A and B有同样重要
both of them are important   不能体现 more的过程？
应该用they are of the same importance 对于这点有较多质疑
  表达的时候小心着点，中文背景能淡化就淡化，小心别自己语言背叛自己思维了。
人家既然提出more来了，你不可能不去对比。至于比出来是不是把more给比成equal了，人家无所谓也不管——只要比了就行。
要把contrast体现出来，把contrast做足了。
   
对于more的讨论比较激烈，以上只是imong的看法，但是楼下展开了激烈的斗争

chapter1.2 moreover
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-303499-1-1.html

toywangUID: 2700880

chapter 1.3 1+1 得寸进尺
  带有从句的都可以这样分析吧。

  具体的不摘抄了，去写issue130了， 貌似也可以拆分。

  昨天的argu改的很好，送自己一句话

主谓一致！动宾一致！指代一致！修饰一致！时态一致！单复一致！

minminnowUID: 2791194

同是1010g，看来你的准备要比我充分很多，加油

toywangUID: 2700880

21# minminnow

大家一起加油哦。。。。

toywangUID: 2700880

虽然写完了130，可是看到一个很好的分析以及一篇很好的相关文章

这个帖子对130的分析很广泛，我觉得这样发散思路很好

130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."


A. 首先我们先来找出这道题中的几个关键词：1. determines  2. unfortunately 3. not yet learned 4. better society

B. 我们再来解析前半句话：How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.  这句话的重点在于“how”。这是一句用陈述语气说出来的话，因此我们可以认为出题人认为这是一个事实。并不是socialized children determines the destiny of society，而是“how”，即“如何”。由此我们可以想到这样就有可能有多种情况，“how children are socialized today”引出的可能有以下几种情况：① children are totally socialized ② children are not socialized at all ③children are partly socialized. 这样我们就面临着三种选择。

C. 而出题者紧接着就说道：“Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."这句话中有一个情感词“unfortunately”。“遗憾的是，我们还不知道怎么教育孩子以使得他们可以带来更好的社会。”

D. 综合这道题大概就是这个意思：决定这个社会命运的是如何让孩子社会化，对于这个问题我们有三种甚至更多选择。但是不幸的是，我们还不清楚哪种选择更好，即我们无法做出抉择。

E. 如果撇开题目，你觉得让孩子完全融入社会并且努力适应社会好，还是独立思考努力改造社会好，还是在某些部分上适应社会好呢？

F.破题点：a. 孩子社会化问题是不是决定社会命运的关键？ b. 我们无法抉择是不是不幸的事情？是不是各种人都有更好？

G. 注意点：这不是“should”题


H. 欢迎大家讨论^^

Socialization

Human infants are born without any culture.  They must be transformed by their parents, teachers, and others into cultural and socially adept animals.  The general process of acquiring culture is referred to as socialization .  During socialization, we learn the language of the culture we are born into as well as the roles we are to play in life.  For instance, girls learn how to be daughters, sisters, friends, wives, and mothers.  In addition, they learn about the occupational roles that their society has in store for them.  We also learn and usually adopt our culture's norms through the socialization process.  Norms are the conceptions of appropriate and expected behavior that are held by most members of the society.  While socialization refers to the general process of acquiring culture, anthropologists use the term enculturation for the process of being socialized to a particular culture.  You were enculturated to your specific culture by your parents and the other people who raised you.

Socialization is important in the process of personality formation.  While much of human personality is the result of our genes, the socialization process can mold it in particular directions by encouraging specific beliefs and attitudes as well as selectively providing experiences.  This very likely accounts for much of the difference between the common personality types in one society in comparison to another.  For instance, the Semai tribesmen of the central Malay Peninsula of Malaysia typically are gentle people who do not like violent, aggressive individuals.  In fact, they avoid them whenever possible.  In contrast, the Yanomamö Indians on the border area between Venezuela and Brazil usually train their boys to be tough and aggressive.  The ideal Yanomamö man does not shrink from violence and strong emotions.  In fact, he seeks them out.  Likewise, Shiite Muslim men of Iran are expected at times to publicly express their religious faith through the emotionally powerful act of self-inflicted pain.

Shiite Muslim men in Iran ritually beating themselves bloody with hands and chains as an act of religious faith commemorating the death of Imam Hussein in 680 a.d.

	standard school curriculum to assure a broad acceptance of society's norms

Successful socialization can result in uniformity within a society.  If all children receive the same socialization, it is likely that they will share the same beliefs and expectations.  This fact has been a strong motivation for national governments around the world to standardize education and make it compulsory for all children.  Deciding what things will be taught and how they are taught is a powerful political tool for controlling people.  Those who internalize the norms of society are less likely to break the law or to want radical social changes.   In all societies, however, there are individuals who do not conform to culturally defined standards of normalcy because they were "abnormally" socialized, which is to say that they have not internalized the norms of society.  These people are usually labeled by their society as deviant or even mentally ill.  
Large-scale societies, such as the United States, are usually composed of many ethnic groups.  As a consequence, early socialization in different families often varies in techniques, goals, and expectations.  Since these complex societies are not culturally homogenous, they do not have unanimous agreement about what should be the shared norms.  Not surprisingly, this national ambiguity usually results in more tolerance of social deviancy--it is more acceptable to be different in appearance, personality, and actions in such large-scale societies.

How are Children Socialized?

Socialization is a learning process that begins shortly after birth.  Early childhood is the period of the most intense and the most crucial socialization.  It is then that we acquire language and learn the fundamentals of our culture.  It is also when much of our personality takes shape.  However, we continue to be socialized throughout our lives.  As we age, we enter new statuses and need to learn the appropriate roles for them.  We also have experiences that teach us lessons and potentially lead us to alter our expectations, beliefs, and personality.  For instance, the experience of being raped is likely to cause a woman to be distrustful of others.
Looking around the world, we see that different cultures use different techniques to socialize their children.  There are two broad types of teaching methods--formal and informal.  Formal education is what primarily happens in a classroom.  It usually is structured, controlled, and directed primarily by adult teachers who are professional "knowers."  In contrast, informal education can occur anywhere.  It involves imitation of what others do and say as well as experimentation and repetitive practice of basic skills.  This is what happens when children role-play adult interactions in their games.

young men undergoing rigorously standardized formal education in a Buddhist monastery		older adults being informally   socialized for their role as   retired senior citizens

Most of the crucial early socialization throughout the world is done informally under the supervision of women and girls.  Initially, mothers and their female relatives are primarily responsible for socialization.  Later, when children enter the lower school grades, they are usually under the control of women teachers.  In North America and some other industrialized nations, baby-sitters are most often teenage girls who live in the neighborhood.  In other societies, they are likely to be older sisters or grandmothers.

North American mother     informally socializing her     daughter		baby in Bhutan under the care of an older sister		grandmother in North America helping to socialize her grandchild

During the early 1950's, John and Beatrice Whitiing led an extensive field study of early socialization practices in six different societies.  They were the Gusii of Kenya, the Rajputs of India, the village of Taira on the island of Okinawa in Japan, the Tarong of the Philippines, the Mixteca Indians of central Mexico, and a New England community that was given the pseudonym Orchardtown.  All of these societies shared in common the fact that they were relatively homogeneous culturally.  Two general conclusions emerged from this study.  First, socialization practices varied markedly from society to society.  Second, the socialization practices were generally similar among people of the same society.  This is not surprising since people from the same culture and community are likely to share core values and perceptions.  In addition, we generally socialize our children in much the same way that our parents socialized us.  The Whitings and their fellow researchers found that different methods were used to control children in these six societies.  For instance, the Gusii primarily used fear and physical punishment.  In contrast, the people of Taira used parental praise and the threat of withholding praise.  The Tarong mainly relied on teasing and scaring.

Location of the societies in the 1950's cross-cultural study of child rearing practices

This cross-cultural study of socialization is provocative.  Perhaps, you are now asking yourself what methods you would use to control the behavior of your children.  Would you spank them or threaten to do so?  Would you only use praise?  Would you belittle or tease them for not behaving?  Would you try to make your children independent and self-reliant or would you discourage it in favor of continuing dependence?  At some time in our lives, most of us will be involved in raising children.  Will you do it in the same way that you were raised?  Very likely you will because you were socialized that way.  Abusive parents were, in most cases, abused by their parents.  Likewise, gentle, indulgent parents were raised that way themselves.  Is there a right or wrong way to socialize children?  To a certain extent the answer depends on the frame of reference.  What is right in one culture may be wrong in another.

Even seemingly insignificant actions of parents can have major impacts on the socialization of their children.  For instance, what would you do if your baby cried continuously but was not ill, hungry, or in need of a diaper change?  Would you hold your baby, rock back and forth, walk around, or sing gently until the crying stopped, even if it took hours.  The answer that you give very likely depends on your culture.  The traditional Navaho Indian response usually was to remove the baby from social contact until the crying stopped.  After making sure that the baby was not ill or in physical distress, he or she would be taken outside of the small single room  house and left in a safe place until the crying stopped.  Then the baby would be brought indoors again to join the family.  Perhaps as a result, Navaho babies raised in this way are usually very quiet.  They learn early that making noise causes them to be removed from social contact.  In most North American families today, we would hold our baby in this situation until the crying stopped.  The lesson that we inadvertently may be giving is that crying results in social contact.  Is this wrong?  Not necessarily, but it is a different socialization technique.

lvruochenUID: 2792806

问LZ
这是哪里找到的？

toywangUID: 2700880

24# lvruochen

坛子里一片陈年老帖里的链接，觉得好就拿来了

toywangUID: 2700880

[追星剑特训] Chapter1.4 Is vs should 事实与倾向https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=201853

这个好好理解哈子，混乱

weaselUID: 2739489

Comorain 原创作品，未经许可，不得转载

开始之前先赠送大家一个小礼物——Issue130 的提纲。尽管这个题目是第一高频，但我在各大论坛上看到的提纲几乎都没有抓住要害。

例5：Issue130 "How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."

意译：孩子如何社会化决定了社会的命运（孩子社会化好了社会就更好了）。但是，我们还没有学会如何培养孩子让社会更好（我们还没有学会如何培养让孩子更好地社会化。）

分析：当前社会的孩子是未来社会的中坚，他们如何成长可以决定社会的命运。那么，孩子如何成长可以让社会变得更好？这里有两个思路：

一、从“socialize”的定义出发。如果“socialize”的含义是“与他人交际、合群”，是不是孩子更会交往了社会就能变得更好？显然有些绝对，竞争精神、个人兴趣也是很重要的；如果“socialize”的含义是“适应社会”，是不是孩子适应社会了社会就能变得更好？显然太武断，可能创新更重要，否则社会就没有进步了。两者的主题都是集体与个人的关系，但前者的本质是合作VS竞争、群体主义VS个人主义；后者的本质是守旧VS创新。

二、从“a better society”的定义出发。如果“a better society”的含义是更强调合作精神的社会，培养孩子更好地与人交往或适应社会可以使社会变得更好；如果“a better society”的含义是更崇尚个人主义或标新立异的社会，培养孩子更好地与人交往或适应社会并不能使社会变得更好。……

提纲：（我现写的，有问题的话大家指出来一起讨论）

尽管让孩子很好地socialize可以让社会更加和谐，但一个更加有希望的社会还是取决于孩子变革社会的能力，比如挑战传统锐意创新、张扬个性拒绝平庸等。
1、应当承认，教育孩子更好地socialize可以让社会变得更加和睦、融洽。
2、但是，未来社会的命运更取决于孩子变革社会的能力。首先，挑战传统而不是墨守陈规才能让社会变得更加美好。
3、其次，张扬个性而不是人云亦云才能让社会变得更加充满活力。
尾段：总结全文。提一句：当前的教育的确存在很多不足，未来不仅要教育孩子适应社会，更要让孩子学会变革社会。（对题目的后一句略作回应即可）

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上面这一段也不错，具体 https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=941249&highlight=

elevenkarUID: 2791267

额 不知为何今天有点浮躁 到梦梦这来转转~  恩 学习学习！

toywangUID: 2700880

at the end of April
this month you do not performance very well, and the time you prepared AW is limited.

toywangUID: 2700880

In fact before my issue writing, I want to say sth strange that I have seen a video program of discovery today about the sight of universe by Stephen Hawking. I have to admit at first that his mind is strong than billions of people and exactly an outstanding genius. You can find it easily that with such a weak body, he still has complex thought and from his experience we can see that what makes a genius is not his appearance but his connotation.
And here I want to say sth to myself that do not find any excuse such as you are not in mode and so on, you have no right to say this kind of words. Form the video hold Taozi, the singers said that how many times you can struggle with all your energy? That is not much, so fight for yourself this time and do not regret when you see the result. That is same to me, what you do now will reflect on the result and the time or energy you waste will also have reflection. So you need to fight to make up for the time you lost today and remember the goal not only with words but with actions.

StefanaUID: 2143510

目标挺高的。
这还是我看的第一个1010G的备考日志啊。

喜欢寂地的小盆友加油。