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提纲
1.作者的观点是不完全正确的,不完全同意作者的观点,或者说不完全反对作者的观点。
小部分同意,大部分不同意。小部分写一段让步,大部分表示不同意。
2在那些方面是同意的,那些方面是不同意的。
科学本身是我们认识世界的工具。工具做了什么,不是工具的错,而是使用工具的人的问题。(思索苏格拉底)
好的方面1.促进社会进步
2.使人类生活工作更加便捷
3.对于物质世界了解更加深入
4.是我们(继续想)
不好的方面1.容易被一些心如不正的人利用
2.科学时常伴随着政治
3.某些科学利用好的是造福,稍有失误是灾难(切尔诺贝利核电站)
3关于政府少管 同意原因(内因)1。人类自身发展的过程中伴随着科学技术的进步,是一个相辅相成的过程,科学技术是人类文明占很大比重的一部分(正面)
2.自由的研究环境更加适合科学家发挥创造力,批判性思维,独立见解,政府干涉会影响到这一方面(反面以及转折
3.科学家researcher才是整整了解他们所研究的内行人,才能最好的发挥他们的作用。(正面)
外因:4.Government 的restriction有一种外行人layman插手外行人(反面以及上面的递进)
5.政府错误的指导会限制重大成果的生成(反面以及上面的递进)
4政府应该在适当的时候加以约束反对
1科学家们的目光只是在自己研究领域或者与之相关的领域,而政府的相关部门的视界要广于科学家,对目前全局有一个更广泛的认识
2 (上一个的递进)在任何时期,资源总是有限的,政府可以根据不同的重要程度来对资源合理分配
3(递进)政府能做到的就是对各项科学成果的社会价值实用价值做评估,counterbalance各方利益。
另一层面:(世界上没有绝对的自由,过渡的自由需要被限制excessive)反对,大部分
4.同一个研究成果在不同的应用方面会产生不同的效果,就如同枪既可以认为是防身用具,又可以当成杀人凶器,政府对其进行管制,是对人民的负责。
5.(递进)政府可以采取法律手段约束一些心术不正的科学家或者其背后受益者
5(递进)政府对于影响社会伦理道德的科学研究加以限制,符合人们的价值观。
1.促进社会进步 2.使人类生活工作更加 3.对于物质世界了解更加深入
The statement claims that the restriction placed by the government on scientific research and development should be few. In other word, the less restrictions, the better. However, in my point of view, I agree with the speaker insofar that government should place restriction on scientific research and development. For the reason that science is designed to be "tools" of human being, few restrictions on using the "tools" will lead unpredictable result for humanity.
From the purpose of most scientists, they desire their effort on researching and developing science to benefit other.
Nevertheless, just as what I mentioned above, Science are
"tools" created by human being, the authority of utilizing it should be restricted to prevent the abuse of these "tools" from damaging the society.
人类自身发展的过程中伴随着科学技术的进步,是一个相辅相成的过程,科学技术是人类文明占很大比重的一部分(正面)
自由的研究环境更加适合科学家发挥创造力,批判性思维,独立见解,政府干涉会影响到这一方面(反面以及转
Admittedly, the history of human being is a procedure of self-developing accompanied with science which aims at constructing the material world of human being. Look around us, the modern society with convenience and deepen understanding about the world are the result of the rapidly developing science. From the internal will of scientists, a free environment for researching and developing are suitable to stimulate the creativity and independent thinking, based on this understanding, the restriction placed by government may reduce the efficiency from their brains, moreover, It is the scientist that works as the actual researcher rather than the government who play an unwelcome layman in the eyes of scientist . a case to this point is that the Soviet government attempt to control and restrict the direction and the destination of its science research for the ostensible purpose of benefit the Soviet people, this measure definitely resulted in a disappointed situation that few significant progresses appeared during this period. This reality obviously teaches us that the scientists who know their efforts like the palm of their hand should work in a relatively free environment.
在任何时期,资源总是有限的,政府可以根据不同的重要程度来对资源合理分配
(递进)政府能做到的就是对各项科学成果的社会价值实用价值做评估,counterbalance各方利益。
Nonetheless, we must recognize that the resource in the society is finite. The government can gain a broader sight and perspective to allocate these resources aptly and exactly. Scientists who devote their own time to research and development may lack of time to acquaint themselves with the overall trend in this fast developing society. Government plays a role of counterbalancing the requirements from all trades and professions to harmonize the connection between each respect.
同一个研究成果在不同的应用方面会产生不同的效果,就如同枪既可以认为是防身用具,又可以当成杀人凶器,政府对其进行管制,是对人民的负责。
Furthermore, The scientific research and development is considered to be a sword with two edges.
Just as the pistol is the combination of defensive weapon and murder weapon. So the utilization of these efforts should be restricted by law, ethics or both of them. A tell example of the inherent danger of excessive free involves the research of atomic energy. The advance created by human being in 1940s and it soon be made into nuclear weapon and brought away two cities with over 80 thousands lives in Japanese during the II world war. However, the nuclear energy can be applied in power producing in nuclear reactor. Another controversial scientific advance is the cloning technology that brings us vegetative propagation problems by which the traditional moral and ethics standard are impacted. Appropriate supervision and restriction placed by government may comply with the public opinion rather than impede the progress of science.
In conclusion, A relatively free environment for scientific may guarantee the significant advances occurred for the internal feeling of researchers and scientists, government ought to ensure the surrounding to be less restricted for scientists. However, no absolute free in this word, proper intendance for the utilization of the scientific “tools” is necessary in order to guide the “tools” pace to a correct direction.
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