进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

反衬UID: 2328867

174# 反衬  文勇的解析书里答案就是2,4,6  而且S的讲解版里也是。附件里是文勇的解答。我不是很懂，我原来也觉得2,4,5对
dandan17 发表于 2010-7-30 19:28

1 The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance of recognizing some of the difficulties of instituting reflective practice.

-2 Others have noted this, making a similar point about the teaching profession's cultural inhibitions about reflective practice.  3 Zeichner and Liston   (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician, putting into practice the ideas of others.

4 More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation. 5 Becoming a reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski, 1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps, little initially perceivable reward and the threat of vulnerability. 6 Few have directly questioned what might lead a teacher to want to become reflective. 7 Apparently, the most obvious reason for teachers to work toward reflective practice is that teacher educators think it is a good thing. 8 There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect-for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.

很明显，文勇的答案是错的。

按照上面的分层理解，我们不难发现，段落1句给出：集合概念“difficulties”,2句给出子集概念“cultrual inhibitions”，3句解释cultural，4句通过递进给出“difficulties”的第二种类型the matter of motivation”，5 6 7 8解释motivation。

看选项：
5 There are numerous obstacles to implementing reflection in schools and insufficient understanding of why teachers might want to reflect。
      这个选项，obstacles=段落首句的difficulties， "insufficient understanding of why teachers might want to reflect"=motivation。完美概括第六段。

     6 Whether teachers can overcome the difficulties involved in reflection may depend on the nature and intensity of their motivation to reflect. 此选项逻辑关系为  A depends on B. 是一个取决于的关系。很明显，第六段并没有说困难的解决在于 the nature and intensity of their motivation。

反衬UID: 2328867

Paragraph 4: Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry). So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor.  Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class.lnequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.
According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality in pastoralist societies EXCEPT:2 |  P3 a  B$ ~. z5 O- m: ?
○ It exists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies. 9 n" N) H' @8 D1 i7 Q1 }1 V+ m
○ It is most marked during periods of military conquest.
It is expressed in the form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity.5 z2 R5 X  q& o3 D! R- |# f, {
○ It is usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences.. o5 a7 Y, }$ z* L, O& ~
为什么答案是C而不是B  文中第四行 不是写着except in periods of military conquest了吗？？
So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor
Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability9 a. o( {' R7 v- |( Y7 f# q  a
这两句啥意思？？
希望高人解答~~~
wcw25709275 发表于 2010-7-30 19:35

这位同学，题目考的是错项哦。

Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class.

这句话 以but为界，前后是转折。后半句except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class.

主要意思 是否定哦。关键： too slight to。所以大部分时间 inequality都是slight，除了在periods of military conquest。所以不就是B的意思咯。所以B正确，B不选。

C刚好与这句话的主要意思相反。

这句话So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor 有个so，所以你要看上一句。上一句Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry).  当中明确提到 limit variations......between pastoralist households 。所以延伸为下文中 implies a high degree of self-sufficiency 以及 inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor。 希望你不要借助翻译就可以理解这两句话间的因果关系。实在没办法，就翻译。不过翻译不是正道。


Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. portability是个抽象概念。你读读下一句话就明白什么叫Portability了

反衬UID: 2328867

依然是TPO14 Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia

依然是TPO14 Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia+ ~3 u( S3 ~7 v3 B6 F
7 d' f9 E# F* e2 }" P1 c
Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. ■ If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. ■ Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry). ■ So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor.■ Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class. Inequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills./ ?9 R# L" L" b6 }# o
. j5 Y  C! v3 \# C/ c: c" `

12.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage
There is a good reason for this.! n, A4 a3 E8 x  Z8 C$ R
Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.6 S9 h) H# p. `! [2 ]( @- f, B! F
为什么答案是A  这个this 指的是什么~~？
wcw25709275 发表于 2010-7-30 19:40

This指 "strict rules of portability" 而A后面就解释了protability。既然黑体句是一个解释的开头，他就应该放在一个抽象概念及其具体解释之间。而两句话间有此关系的，就只有A。其他方格的前后都没有这种解释关系。

这道题目，还是考先抽象，后具体
具体请看我这篇文章：
http://blog.renren.com/blog/312260513/479397788

caoxuemeiUID: 2629828

谢谢反衬同学的帮助。最近工作点忙，可能无暇顾及这里，感谢同学们的信任和反衬同学的帮忙。

网兜妮妮UID: 2612538

TPO10 第一篇 Chinese Pottery
Paragraph 4：
Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD. Chinese porcelain wares imported into the Arab world. So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.
红色So admired were...那句没对应题目，但有点不懂，搞不清里面的these呀，they啊，还有最后their分别指代的是啥，they 和their 到底值中国还是阿拉伯啊？求教

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO10 第一篇 Chinese Pottery
Paragraph 4：
Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of the most far-reaching examp ...
网兜妮妮 发表于 2010-7-31 12:17

这个是一个so...... that.....结构。所以你只要读懂了这个逻辑关系，那么就应该很快可以看到，句子内部的对象是前后一致的。

其次，按照代词单复数一致的关系，they只可能指复数。在它前面只有these pieces。 their和they是一样的。these pieces指的肯定是上一句的复数名词。那就只有上一句的Chinese porcelain wares 了。 Arab world是单数，根本不可能被they指代。

读文章要读懂句内的一致关系。

还有另外一点，本文主体是Chinese pottery.所以全文不管在什么地方，浓墨重彩的一定是讲chinese。理解主旨也是理解细节的一个方法之一。

sarah427UID: 2689341

19# caoxuemei
我怎么觉得这道题A不对是因为文中只是说树上鸟的鸟叫比地上鸟的鸟叫更容易招来敌人。（这是因为树上鸟地理位置比地上鸟好，不容易被天敌发现）。所以这两种鸟招天敌的程度到底哪种更大，不能判断，文中没给信息，它们各有优缺点。所以题干中的more属于文章没提到的，故A不对。至于那个them,我觉得就是指树上的鸟啊。个人愚见^

wcw25709275UID: 2764419

TPO10  Chinese Pottery  
Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it is with Chinese pots. To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merely decorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment had meaning and significance. The dragon represented the emperor, and the phoenix, the empress; the pomegranate indicated fertility, and a pair offish, happiness; mandarin ducks stood for wedded bliss; the pine tree, peach, and crane are emblems of long life; and fish leaping from waves indicated success in the civil service examinations. Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.

11. Paragraph 5 suggests which of the following about the decorations on Chinese pottery?

○ They had more importance for aristocrats than for ordinary citizens.

○ Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.

○ They contain some of the same images that appear on Greek pots

○ Their significance is now as clear to twentieth century observers as it was to the early Chinese.

B是怎么推出来的~~~

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO10  Chinese Pottery  
Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning  ...
wcw25709275 发表于 2010-7-31 18:30

Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.; Q+ ^. x8 C( [
这句话推出来

wcw25709275UID: 2764419

189# 反衬
B选项说 没有 被国外影响 ~~~但最后一句话说  当欧洲的装饰元素被引进后，这些元素也许慢慢的不再那么流行甚至开始落后。
这不是说明还是被国外影响了吗？

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

190# wcw25709275

Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence
这句话是说重要性可能会保留住，如果中国瓷器没有收到外国风格的影响的话。Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost
=>只有当欧洲的装饰主题被引进的时候，这些意义才会被模糊或者逐渐消失。。
取反=>当欧洲...没有被引进使 这些意义/主题就不会被模糊(即保留下来)

反衬UID: 2328867

189# 反衬  
B选项说 没有 被国外影响 ~~~但最后一句话说  当欧洲的装饰元素被引进后，这些元素也许慢慢的不再那么流行甚至开始落后。
这不是说明还是被国外影响了吗？
wcw25709275 发表于 2010-8-1 09:05

请这位同学看清楚B选项。 是虚拟语气啊。

反衬UID: 2328867

190# wcw25709275  

Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence
这句话是说重要性可能会保留住，如果中国瓷器没有收到外国风格的影响的话。Only when Euro ...
wuqian0801 发表于 2010-8-1 10:38

看懂逻辑关系即可。最好不要做翻译。

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

193# 反衬
这不是楼上那个童鞋不明白么... 翻译当然费时 只能是事后解释。。 考试时 谁有工夫翻译。。

反衬UID: 2328867

193# 反衬  
这不是楼上那个童鞋不明白么... 翻译当然费时 只能是事后解释。。 考试时 谁有工夫翻译。。
wuqian0801 发表于 2010-8-1 11:48

:handshake :handshake