进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO4:cave art in Europe
Paragraph 4：The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by res ...
joyce0216 发表于 2010-8-11 17:43

Paragraph 4：The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals. , |5 c5 i0

请看黑体字

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO4:cave art in Europe
Paragraph 4：The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by res ...
joyce0216 发表于 2010-8-11 17:43

D当中的begins to show，文章没提过

joyce0216UID: 2835630

懂了....非常感谢~ 287# 反衬

longxue26UID: 2687755

272# caoxuemei

非常感谢

weiyang1220UID: 2687928

277# caoxuemei
谢谢你的解答~~
可是 develop 应该是基于 multicellular organisms 已经出现的前提下讲的吧，也就是说，develop 发展，应该是一种量变过程，从小到大，从弱到强，而不是从无到有的过程吧，我还是不太明白~~感觉这个develop好怪。
刚又看了下原文，我懂了，我对文章的寒武纪的理解有偏差~~非常感谢你的解答啊

kila1002UID: 2806614

290# weiyang1220
develop也有evolve的意思，就是进化，文章不是讲的就是寒武纪的物种进化吗

NO.xiaoyuyuUID: 2842596

Tpo5  第二篇
Paragraph2: Speculation on the origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders encountered them, in the absence of solid linguistic, archaeological, and biological data, many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised. Pacific islanders ere variously thought to have come from North America, South America, Egypt, Israel, and India, as well as Southeast Asia. Many older theories implicitly deprecated the navigational abilities and overall cultural creativity of the Pacific islanders. For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific. They inferred that the Egyptians even crossed the Pacific to found the great civilizations of the New World (North and South America). In1947 Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl drifted on a balsa-log raft westward with the winds and currents across the Pacific from South America to prove his theory that Pacific islanders were Native Americans (also called American Indians). Later Heyerdahl suggested that the Pacific was peopled by three migrations: by Native Americans from the Pacific Northwest of North America drifting to Hawaii, by Peruvians drifting to Easter Island, and by Melanesians. In 1969 he crossed the Atlantic in an Egyptian style reed boat to prove Egyptian influences in the Americas. Contrary to these theorists, the overwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents.

1. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph2 about early theories of where the first inhabitants of the Pacific islands came from?
They were generally based on solid evidence.
They tried to account for the origin of the characteristic features of the languages spoken by Pacific islanders.
They assumed that the peoples living in Southeast Asia did not have the skills needed to sail to the Pacific islands.
They questioned the ideas of G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry.
答案为什么是第三个？？

反衬UID: 2328867

Tpo5  第二篇
Paragraph2: Speculation on the origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders encountered them, in the absence of solid linguistic, archaeological, and biological data, man ...
NO.xiaoyuyu 发表于 2010-8-12 11:41

For example, British anthropologists G. Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry assumed that only Egyptians would have been skilled enough to navigate and colonize the Pacific

这句话，取反理解。其他民族不行

weiyang1220UID: 2687928

Certainly, in trying to explain the Roman phenomenon, one would have to place great emphasis on this almost instinct for the territorial imperative. Roman priorities lay in the organization, exploitation, and defense of their territory. In all probability it was the fertile plain of Latium, where the Latins who founded Rome originated, that created the habits and skills of landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a land-based society. From this arose the Roman genius for military organization and orderly government. In turn, a deep attachment to the land, and to the stability which rural life engenders, fostered the Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility, peitas, a sense of devotion to family and country, and iustitia, a sense of the natural order

1.Paragraph 3 suggests which of the following about the people of Latium?
○Their economy was based on trade relations with other settlements.
○They held different values than the people of Rome.
○Agriculture played a significant role in the society.
○They possessed unusual knowledge of animal instincts
选A 还是C？我选c，通过fertile 和在land上判断，A应该是不对的吧。land economy怎么理解~~

kila1002UID: 2806614

294# weiyang1220
你不用知道其确切意思，这里landed settlement, landed property, landed economy, landed administration, and a land-based society. 是并列的，里面你认识一个就可以了。

martina84UID: 2202289

大家帮帮忙，帮我看看TPO 11 Begging by Nestlings的最后一题
Experiments have shed much light on the begging behaviors of baby songbirds
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Answer Choices
○ Songbird species that are especially vulnerable to predators have evolved ways of reducing the dangers associated with begging calls.
○ Songbird parents focus their feeding effort on the nestlings that beg loudest for food.
○ It is genetically disadvantageous for nestlings to behave as if they are really hungry when they are not really hungry.
○ The begging calls of songbird nestlings provide a good example of overly damaging cost to signalers of signaling.
○ The success with which songbird nestlings communicate their hunger to their parents is dependent on the frequencies of the nestlings' begging calls.
○ Songbird nestlings have evolved several different ways to communicate the intensity of their hunger to their parents.
答案是123， 请问一下4 哪里错了，4貌似就是全文第一句的改写啊？

weiyang1220UID: 2687928

295# kila1002
恩，那你认为选A还是C呢

kila1002UID: 2806614

297# weiyang1220
当然是A啊，C不是提到了嘛，题目问你哪题不是该段的问题啊

weiyang1220UID: 2687928

Paragraph 2 How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the Teotihuacán Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacán’s geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley’s potential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint―for instance, Teotihuacán’s religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán’s elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.

Paragraph 3 This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuacán’s rise. Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotiluacan was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D.

6. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3 about the Volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.?
○They were more frequent than historians once thought.
○They may have done more damage to Teotihuacán than to neighboring centers.
○They may have played a major role in the rise of Teotihuacán.
○They increased the need for extensive irrigation in the Teotihuacán Valley
答案选3，可我觉得3的mayor 有问题，因为上面的main factors are Teotihuacán’s geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley’s potential for extensive irrigation. 没有包括火山，而且，第三段开头只说，两者有关联，不足以说明是mayor（主要的）因素啊？恳请大家帮我看一下，这个mayor跟什么对应？

kila1002UID: 2806614

楼主你要就题论题啊，你想得太远了。
文章问你可以从Volcanic eruptions 推断出什么。
A选项，火山爆发比历史学家认为的要频繁，文中有提到么？没有，DEL
B选项，火山T这个地方构成的损害要大于其周边地区，有提到么？文章倒是在第三段提到周边地区影响严重，以此导致了T这个地方的抬升。DEL
D选项，火山导致T这个地方的灌溉需求上升，同样也是没提到。DEL。
楼主你要看看第三段下面写的东西，第三段提到了T最大的竞争对手C，正是由于收到火山的影响，才导致没能成为中心城市，最后The archaeological evidence clearly indicates that Teotiluacan was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D.
总结下来就是这样，火山爆发影响到了C，导致C无法发展，因此T成为了中心。
这样不就是C选项了吗