进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

weiyang1220UID: 2687928

300# kila1002
非常感谢谢你的及时回复，是的用排除法的话肯定选C，但如果只看C选项的话，难免会对这个major产生些疑虑，的确火山灭了C地方，所以T才有机会，火山肯能的确起到很重要的作用，但不能说是major主要的作用，因为可能是T地方背后的其他因素起了更为重要的作用，比如说资源等等。况且，C地的消失对其他地区来说也是同样的机会，为什么他们没有发展起来，而T称老大了呢，说明T背后自身的优越条件才是major (主要的)作用，而非火山的爆发使C灭绝~~~


哎，我现在做阅读题可能考虑太多了，就经常纠结，文章读的还好，题目会纠结到我很多时间啊，还选错，比如这题，我先发现3差不多，不过对major一纠结，再回过头分析其他选项，就晕了，浪费了很多时间，还选错~~

winterflyfeiUID: 2689736

TPO7
14.        Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question worth 2.

     The Roman world drew its strength from several important sources
○
○
○
Answer choices
1. Numerous controls imposed by Roman rulers held its territory together.
2. The Roman military was organized differently from older military organizations.
3. Romans valued sea power as did the Latins, the original inhabitants of Rome.
4. Roman values were rooted in a strong attachment to the land and the stability of rural life.
5. Rome combined aspects of ancient Greek civilization with its own contributions in new areas.
6. Educated Romans modeled their own literature and philosophy on the ancient Greeks

答案是145
可是我觉得2也没错啊，根据最后一段：
Paragraph 6 Yet it would be wrong to suggest that Rome was somehow a junior partner in Greco-Roman civilization. The Roman genius was projected into new spheres—especially into those of law, military organization, administration, and engineering. Moreover, the tensions that arose within the Roman state produced literary and artistic sensibilities of the highest order. It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.
粗体那句难道不能说明吗？

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO7
14.        Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in  ...
winterflyfei 发表于 2010-8-14 09:53

millitary明显是段落中的多个下属细节中的一个。当然不选。

摘要的答案不能以文章有没有说过为准。 要以是否“概括”和“抽象”为准

kila1002UID: 2806614

301# weiyang1220
火山怎么不是最主要的因素呢，楼主请细读第三段，文章说到了C是中部最大的城市，但是严重受到了火山的影响，所以火山帮助T消灭了一个潜在的对手，然后文章说到其实中部周围任何一个城市都有可能崛起，但是考古发现，最后是T崛起了，这个都已经被考古证明了。
火山爆发破坏了C，导致T的崛起，文章就4个选项，哪里有其他的因素的选项，同学还是不要想太多的好，就题论题论题~就题论题

weiyang1220UID: 2687928

是的，要就提论题，首先排除没提到的，再在拿不定的选项中选择，就题论题,不能想太多！没几天就要考试了，谢谢ls的建议和解答啊~~

NO.xiaoyuyuUID: 2842596

293# 反衬

可是文章最后一句“Contrary to these theorists, the overwhelming evidence of physical anthropology, linguistics, and archaeology shows that the Pacific islanders came from Southeast Asia and were skilled enough as navigators to sail against the prevailing winds and currents.”  不是与第三选项相反吗？？

NO.xiaoyuyuUID: 2842596

今天新做的一篇 tpo4 第二篇
Paragraph 4：The particular symbolic significance of the cave paintings in southwestern France is more explicitly revealed, perhaps, by the results of a study conducted by researchers Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson. The data they present suggest that the animals portrayed in the cave paintings were mostly the ones that the painters preferred for meat and for materials such as hides. For example, wild cattle (bovines) and horses are portrayed more often than we would expect by chance, probably because they were larger and heavier (meatier) than other animals in the environment. In addition, the paintings mostly portray animals that the painters may have feared the most because of their size, speed, natural weapons such as tusks and horns, and the unpredictability of their behavior. That is, mammoths, bovines, and horses are portrayed more often than deer and reindeer. Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people. Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. But in that period, when getting food no longer depended on hunting large game animals (because they were becoming extinct), the art ceased to focus on portrayals of animals.

11．According to paragraph 4, what change is evident in the art of the period following the Upper Paleolithic?
○This new art starts to depict small animals rather than large ones.
○This new art ceases to reflect the ways in which people obtained their food.
○This new art no longer consists mostly of representations of animals.
○This new art begins to show the importance of hunting to the economy.
我觉得选2啊？答案为什么是3？

zyxr90UID: 2679193

TPO 3 的第三篇 的14题
The process of succession and the stability of a climax community can change over time.
●
●
●

Answer choices
○The changes that occur in an ecosystem from the pioneer to the climax community can be seen in one human generation.
○A high degree of species diversity does not always result in a stable ecosystem.
○The level of resilience in a plant community contributes to its long-term stability.
○Ecologists agree that climax communities are the most stable types of ecosystems.
○Disagreements over the meaning of the term “stability” make it difficult to identify the most stable ecosystems.
○The resilience of climax communities makes them resistant to destruction caused by humans.
为什么选 3 和 5 啊

csleeUID: 2693790

TPO10 第一篇

。。。。
The earliest ceramics were fired to earthenware temperatures, but as early as the fifteenth century B.C., high-temperature stonewares were being made with glazed surfaces. During the Six Dynasties period (AD 265-589), kilns in north China were producing high-fired ceramics of good quality. Whitewares produced in Hebei and Henan provinces from the seventh to the tenth centuries evolved into the highly prized porcelains of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1279), long regarded as one of the high points in the history of China's ceramic industry. The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament. Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-color lead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip- as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value.
。。。。。

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the higlighted sentence in the passage ?
A. While stonewares and porcelains are found throughout most historical peroids, religious sculpture is limited to the ancient period.
B. Regligious sculpture was created in most periods, but its history is less clear than that of stonewares or porcelains because some old forms continued to be used even when new ones were developed.
C. While stonewares and porcelains charged throughout history, religious sculpture remained uniform and use.
D. The historical development of regilious sculpture is relatively unclear because religious scupltures sometimes resemble earthenware architectural ornaments.

csleeUID: 2693790

。。。。for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament. .... 中 custom of earthenware burial ceramics with... 怎么理解啊？

rainbowsheepUID: 2501530

。。。。for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament. .... 中 custom of earthenware burial ceramics with... 怎么理解啊？
cslee 发表于 2010-8-15 12:05

这句其实说的就是   因为它结合了土制埋葬陶器的旧风俗与之后的宗教图案和建筑装饰

csleeUID: 2693790

谢谢啊！

hjHKUID: 2730373

1# caoxuemei

我在tpo上碰到一个问题，如下：


Paragraph 2: The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus, a region of the brain. In response to certain stimuli, many animals show instinctive aggressive reactions. The hypothalamus appears to be involved in this inborn reaction pattern: electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many animals. In people, however, whose brains are more complex, other brain structures apparently moderate possible instincts.

1. According to paragraph 2, what evidence indicates that aggression in animals is related to the hypothalamus?
此题有争议
○Some aggressive animal species have a highly developed hypothalamus.
○Artificial stimulation of the hypothalamus results in aggression in animals.
○Animals behaving aggressively show increased activity in the hypothalamus.
○Animals who lack a hypothalamus display few aggressive tendencies.


上面这个题应该怎么选呢？OG的答案貌似是选C，但是我怎么觉得是选B，希望大家讨论。

hjHKUID: 2730373

这是TPO ARTISIANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION里面的一个题目
上面第6项在哪里找答案？文章好像没有明确的点说到了要经过extensive period of training

ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION
Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. After 1815 this older form of manufacturing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers. Cheap transportation networks, the rise of cities, and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated the shift to factory production.

The creation of a labor force that was accustomed to working in factories did not occur easily. Before the rise of the factory, artisans had worked within the home. Apprentices were considered part of the family, and masters were responsible not only for teaching their apprentices a trade but also for providing them some education and for supervising their moral behavior. Journeymen knew that if they perfected their skill, they could become respected master artisans with their own shops. Also, skilled artisans did not work by the clock, at a steady pace, but rather in bursts of intense labor alternating with more leisurely time.

The factory changed that. Goods produced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand, and pride in craftsmanship gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity. The new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time. Factory life necessitated a more regimented schedule, where work began at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a constant pace. At the same time, workers were required to discard old habits, for industrialism demanded a worker who was alert, dependable, and self-disciplined. Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and, since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.

The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about "obedience to the ding-dong of the bell-just as though we are so many living machines." With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community. Unlike artisan workshops in which apprentices worked closely with the masters supervising them, factories sharply separated workers from management. Few workers rose through the ranks to supervisory positions, and even fewer could achieve the artisan's dream of setting up one's own business. Even well-paid workers sensed their decline in status.

In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craft workers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades' Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor's strength collapsed. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike* or engage in collective action. And skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. More than a decade of agitation did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 185O’s, and the courts also recognized workers' right to strike, but these gains had little immediate impact.

Workers were united in resenting the industrial system and their loss of status, but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms, gender, conflicting religious perspectives, occupational differences, political party loyalties, and disagreements over tactics. For them, the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives. As United States society became more specialized and differentiated, greater extremes of wealth began to appear. And as the new markets created fortunes for the few, the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller, less skilled tasks.

hjHKUID: 2730373

TPO1 UNDERGROUNDWATER 中最后一题里，


这里面为何要选1，而不选4呢？我觉得1没有根据，而4却在文章第一段提到了。
GROUNDWATER
Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces. By far the most abundant type of groundwater is meteoric water; this is the groundwater that circulates as part of the water cycle. Ordinary meteoric water is water that has soaked into the ground from the surface, from precipitation (rain and snow) and from lakes and streams. There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again. At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.

The necessary space is there, however, in many forms. The commonest spaces are those among the particles—sand grains and tiny pebbles—of loose, unconsolidated sand and gravel. Beds of this material, out of sight beneath the soil, are common. They are found wherever fast rivers carrying loads of coarse sediment once flowed. For example, as the great ice sheets that covered North America during the last ice age steadily melted away, huge volumes of water flowed from them. The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.

The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.

In lowland country almost any spot on the ground may overlie what was once the bed of a river that has since become buried by soil

; if they are now below the water’s upper surface (the water table), the gravels and sands of the former riverbed, and its sandbars, will be saturated with groundwater.

So much for unconsolidated sediments. Consolidated (or cemented) sediments, too, contain millions of minute water-holding pores. This is because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally plugged with cementing chemicals; also, parts of the original grains may become dissolved by percolating groundwater, either while consolidation is taking place or at any time afterwards. The result is that sandstone, for example, can be as porous as the loose sand from which it was formed.

Thus a proportion of the total volume of any sediment, loose or cemented, consists of empty space. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous.

The proportion of empty space in a rock is known as its porosity. But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.

Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.

The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.