进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

viiiiiienaUID: 2716640

TPO8 第一篇
It seems likely that Teotihuacán’s natural resources―along with the city elite’s ability to recognize their potential―gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors, The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmecs sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.
9. Which of the following allowed Teotihuacán to have “a competitive edge over its neighbors”?
 A well-exploited and readily available commodity
 The presence of a highly stable elite class
 Knowledge derived directly from the Olmecs about the art of tool making
 Scarce natural resources in nearby areas such as those located in what are now the Guatemalan and Mexican highlands

为什么选第一个？我选第二个~

zhaohanUID: 2595904

问一个TPO11 的问题~~关于那个古埃及雕塑的~~~
Paragraph 2：The majority of three-dimensional representations, whether standing, seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight ahead, neither twisting nor turning. When such statues are viewed in isolation, out of their original context and without knowledge of their function, it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years. Frontality is, however, directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts in which the statues were set up. Statues were created not for their decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.
6. The author mentions an architectural setting in the passage in order to
○ suggest that architecture was as important as sculpture to Egyptian artists
○ offer 3 further explanation for the frontal pose of Egyptian statues
○ explain how the display of statues replaced other forms of architectural decoration
○ illustrate the religious function of Egyptian statues
这道题当时做题是纠结了好久， 在2和4 中犹豫不定。。。还请各位大侠帮帮忙~~~万分感谢（正确答案是2 ）

刀小镜UID: 2618532

52# 永远的killua  
Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. Such ru ...
caoxuemei 发表于 2010-7-4 10:38

10 According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality in pastoralist societies EXCEPT:
○ It exists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies.
○ It is most marked during periods of military conquest.
○ It is expressed in the form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity.
○ It is usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences.

如果是这么解释那么第10题不应该选B吗 为什么答案是C呢 麻烦各位了

反衬UID: 2328867

问3道题。前面有人问过，可我还是没想明白诶～谢谢啦1.

TPO4  Deer Populations of the Puget Sound!

Paragraph 2: Nearly any kind of plant of theforest understory can be part of a deer's diet. Where the forest inhibits thegrowth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses onhuckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. But this isfair-weather feeding. What keeps the black-tailed deer alive in the harsherseasons of plant decay and dormancy? One compensation for not hibernating isthe built-in urge to migrate.
Deer may move from high-elevation browse areas in summerdown to the lowland areas in late fall. Even with snow on the ground, the highbushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches ofcedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder.
r, R& R& V
8 X) B+ l" i  z" Y1 d: T) X$ Y# X
2.  It can be inferred from thediscussion in paragraph 2 that winter conditions( X2 A/ |1 o! {+ e% r1 L
A Cause some deer to hibernate
B Make food unavailable in the highlands for deer/ @  H3 R# w+ u; _( w
) ?; D0 d. }& R6 [- f  K
C Make it easier for deer to locate understoryplants
DPrevent deer from migrating during the winter
7 B- j" ^" ~- d3 J$ Y6 W

前面的同学说：5 Y8 a# R. {  E/ D& m1 z0 ?
文勇的Answer是C。我选的B，理由为段2中的红字部分。鹿群从高低迁徙到低地平原是因为在冬季的时候高地食物匮乏。而低地上有足够食物，因为林叶层厚，还有雪砸下来的树枝树叶之类的。/ \! d. }, r$ z* l1 e
不知为啥答案是C。求指点。
反衬：# P% e3 a% X" A8 f! C3 o$ _
选B是对的。文勇的答案是错的
7 R5 S6 i9 T7 m* W' r% D  {! }3 F
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Me: BC都对吧。dandan17 发表于 2010-8-26 22:32

Even with snow on the ground, the highbushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches ofcedar, hemlock, red alder, and other arboreal fodder

这句话，有没有注意到Even? 表明雪是一个让步因素，而不是一个便利因素。“即使有雪”怎么可能表达“make it easier”呢？
后面那半句文字讲的不是 understory了，讲的是高大的树，与understory 无关。

反衬UID: 2328867

2.TPI11 Begging by Nestlings Further evidence for the costs of begging comes from a study of differences inthe begging calls of warbler species that nest on the ground versus those thatnest in the relative safety of trees. The young of ground-nesting warblersproduce begging cheeps of higher frequencies than do their tree-nestingrelatives. These higher-frequency sounds do not travel as far, and so maybetter conceal the individuals producing them, who are especially vulnerable topredators in their ground nests. David Haskell created artificial nests withclay eggs and placed them on the ground beside a tape recorder that played thebegging calls of either tree-nesting or of ground-nesting warblers.The eggs“advertised” by the tree-nesters' begging calls were found bitten significantlymore often than the eggs associated with the ground-nesters' calls. 0 J0 a$ j, N* e+ l1 @" s 4. Paragraph 2 indicates that the begging calls oftree nesting warblers1 y* _% t: r3 Z- T ○put them at more riskthan ground-nesting warblers experience ○) can be heard from agreater distance than those of ground-nesting warblers0 F0 |9 m  O# _; ^2 I ○are more likely toconceal the signaler than those of ground-nesting warblers8 m* {4 p4 ^9 ?1 E- H, n) J [email=○@2]○[/email]have higher frequenciesthan those of ground nesting warblers/ L7 b7 G! \& x  m4 G$ f& Z Me: 虽然我选的是B，A哪里错了？（前面wuqian的解释没看懂）

dandan17 发表于 2010-8-26 22:34

Further evidence for the costs of begging comes from a study of differences inthe begging calls of warbler species that nest on the ground versus those thatnest in the relative safety of trees. 这句话表面树上是相对安全的。
段落结尾的比较地点仍旧在ground上面，而不是树上。风险首先是由地点带来的，而不是声音。
A说声音让树上的鸟更危险，所以不对。

反衬UID: 2328867

我选的是D, 答案是C) N. |6 N- o  C8 f5 W
不理解: @2 n. m* ~" A
dandan17 发表于 2010-8-26 22:36

这道题的理解和上面那道题一样的

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO8 第一篇  E* B$ ^  z! u1 K) d9 }
It seems likely that Teotihuacán’s natural resources―along with the city elite’s ability to recognize their potential―gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors, The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmecs sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.; D( T* ^6 G; L6 K
9. Which of the following allowed Teotihuacán to have “a competitive edge over its neighbors”?
A well-exploited and readily available commodity
The presence of a highly stable elite class2 y) q7 R) H, e/ P" i6 X+ \* y
Knowledge derived directly from the Olmecs about the art of tool making9 {# N0 W/ `$ |% J$ m: G  m. r
Scarce natural resources in nearby areas such as those located in what are now the Guatemalan and Mexican highlands

为什么选第一个？我选第二个~
viiiiiiena 发表于 2010-8-27 12:51

第二个选项明显来自第一句的破折号里面，along with表明它是次要信息,句子主语明显是natural resources。而且文章压根儿没讲过 highly stable。
第一个选项就是本段的讨论中心。整个段落都在讲这个。commodity在最后一句话也出现了。

同学做这种题千万不要看到第一句的某些文字就马上选答案。 一定要想一想，这句话到底主要讲什么。题目和这句话的关联性是什么。最好还要想一想下面的文字和第一句有什么关联性。不要把自己的阅读理解能力降级到简单的视觉辨认，否则考试死得很惨。

其实这道题做的过程很简单。
第一步看题目，知道题目要你找啥。
第二步看第一句，找到这句话的主干，判明答案与natural resources 有关。
第三步扫选项，排除BC，保留AD，明显与第一句的主要意思natural resources 无关。
第四步，扫到最后一句话，发现对应单词，这时候选择偏向A了。再根据本文的讨论重点，排除D，因为他讲的是其他地区，而不是本段的对象地区。

反衬UID: 2328867

Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context.# q8 o; ^* p/ C; ?
6. The author mentions an architectural setting in the passage in order to
suggest that architecture was as important as sculpture to Egyptian artists
○ offer 3 further explanation for the frontal pose of Egyptian statues4 C0 K! V7 d( j
○ explain how the display of statues replaced other forms of architectural decoration& W0 \6 V+ w* \6 e1 i  a' U
○ illustrate the religious function of Egyptian statues7 ?  V$ ~$ `( a) t+ P; |* g! B
这道题当时做题是纠结了好久， 在2和4 中犹豫不定。。。还请各位大侠帮帮忙~~~万分感谢（正确答案是2 ）zhaohan 发表于 2010-8-27 17:22

你看看第四个选项中的religious function有没有在最后一句话的for instance之后提过？ 完全没有。所以立马排除。

反衬UID: 2328867

本帖最后由 刀小镜 于 2010-8-27 23:33 编辑 8 B- g+ O+ I% i7 T7 D : X# g9 Z! D. F9 b; X7 t7 M" Q8 A 52# 永远的killua  $ N& ~! `0 o) c* |- Y( t3 J, T$ s, F+ S Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. Such ru ... ; k& C4 b' E9 B! j0 Mcaoxuemei 发表于 2010-7-4 10:38 8 \2 Y1 v% H. e( _/ m* L5 Q 10 According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true of social inequality in pastoralist societies EXCEPT: ○ It exists and has existed to some degree in most pastoral societies. ○ It is most marked during periods of military conquest. ○ It is expressed in the form of a rigid hierarchy based largely on heredity. ○ It is usually too insignificant to be discussed in terms of class differences. 如果是这么解释那么第10题不应该选B吗 为什么答案是C呢 麻烦各位了

刀小镜 发表于 2010-8-27 23:28

我把我的解答再贴一次。


这位同学，题目考的是错项哦。

Inequalities of wealth and rank certainly exist, and have probably existed in most pastoralist societies, but except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class.

这句话 以but为界，前后是转折。后半句except in periods of military conquest, they are normally too slight to generate the stable, hereditary hierarchies that are usually implied by the use of the term class.

主要意思 是否定哦。关键： too slight to。所以大部分时间 inequality都是slight，除了在periods of military conquest。所以不就是B的意思咯。所以B正确，B不选。

C刚好与这句话的主要意思相反。

这句话So, by and large, nomadism implies a high degree of self-sufficiency and inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor 有个so，所以你要看上一句。上一句Such rules limit variations in accumulated material goods between pastoralist households (though they may also encourage a taste for portable goods of high value such as silks or jewelry).  当中明确提到 limit variations......between pastoralist households 。所以延伸为下文中 implies a high degree of self-sufficiency 以及 inhibits the appearance of an extensive division of labor。 希望你不要借助翻译就可以理解这两句话间的因果关系。实在没办法，就翻译。不过翻译不是正道。


Nomadism also subjects pastoralist communities to strict rules of portability. portability是个抽象概念。你读读下一句话就明白什么叫Portability了

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO：Begging by Nestlings
Paragraph 1：We all know that many more people today are right-handed than left-handed. Can one trace this same pattern far back in prehistory? Much of the evidence about ri ...
heycd 发表于 2010-8-28 13:15

第三个就是文章讲过的啊。
第二个刚好把文章讲的东西给反过来了。

dandan17UID: 2812933

跟楼上一样的问题。选项2并没有说反啊

还有选项2 the prevalence of outlines of left hands
这个outlines指的就是手模（stencils）吧，然后原文信息来自 Of 158 stencils in the French cave of Gargas, 136 have been identified as left, and only 22 as right; right-handedness was therefore heavily predominant.

反衬UID: 2328867

啊。。。还是不懂啊。。。。。
明白为什么第三个不应该选了。可是还觉得第二个也是对的啊，请老师赐教

这句和选项是反的么？不是说假设手都是被stencile了，并且是手背朝上的，如果左右手心朝上，那么看起来 ...
heycd 发表于 2010-8-28 15:18

看清楚题目要求。证明“right-handedness”
选项二：说的是看起来像右手。但事实上文章最后提到，大多数看起来像左手。

换句话说，只有岩画看起来是左手，才能证明喷画者用的是右手。

这样看来你说第二个是不是和原文相反？