进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

反衬UID: 2328867

还有13题
我选1，答案是2
heycd 发表于 2010-8-18 15:56

关键是理解 原文的yet。

tonyqin65UID: 2713798

Paragraph 2: Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks. A few of these spores found a toehold on the dark, forbidding rocks and grew and began to work their transformation upon the land. Lichens were probably the first successful flora. These are not single individual plants; each one is a symbiotic combination of an alga and a fungus. The algae capture the Sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules. The fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks, passing these on in waste products that nourish algae. It is significant that the earliest living things that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.

2. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the fungi in lichens benefit from their symbiotic relationship with algae in what way?
○The algae help the fungi meet some of their energy needs.
○The algae protect the fungi from the Sun's radiation.
○The algae provide the fungi with greater space for absorbing water.
○The fungi produce less waste in the presence of algae.



这道题我选的是D项，A也觉得有点道理。但是原文不是主要说的是fungi的waste product nourish algae吗？
还有，如果有好心同学解答一下这一篇（TPO 9 最后一篇）的最后一道6选三里的第 4个选项也不胜感激。

fsi206914UID: 2684106

TPO10  Variations in the Climate (TPO10)  里的六选三：
 In the absence of instrumental records, proxy data allow scientists to infer information about past climates.
 Computer models are used to estimate how the different causes of climate variability combine to account for the climate variability that occurs.
 Scientists believe that activities outside the global climate system, such as volcanoes and solar activity may have significant effects on the system.
 Scientists see a consistent pattern in the global temperature variations that have occurred in the past.
 Scientists have successfully separated natural climate variation from changes related to human activities.
 Scientists have concluded that human activity accounts for the rapid global warming in recent decades.

答案是123,但我觉得这个Computer那项，原文中不是那么说的也~~~，纳闷中

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO10  Variations in the Climate (TPO10)  里的六选三：
 In the absence of instrumental records, proxy data allow scientists to infer information about past climates.
 Computer models ...
fsi206914 发表于 2010-8-21 10:42

Computer 那个不对滴

chenhailu12248UID: 2569477

TPO11-1
Paragraph 1：Many signals that animals make seem to impose on the signalers costs that are overly damaging. A classic example is noisy begging by nestling songbirds when a parent returns to the nest with food. These loud cheeps and peeps might give the location of the nest away to a listening hawk or raccoon, resulting in the death of the defenseless nestlings. In fact, when tapes of begging tree swallows were played at an artificial swallow nest containing an egg, the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.


2. According to paragraph 1, the experiment with tapes of begging tree swallows establishes which of the following?
A Begging by nestling birds can attract the attention of predators to the nest.
B Nest predators attack nests that contain nestlings more frequently than they attack nests that contain only eggs
C Tapes of begging nestlings attract predators to the nest less frequently than real begging calls do.
D Nest predators have no other means of locating bird nests except the begging calls of nestling birds.

答案选A，我觉得B对
理由：the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.在37次试验中有29次noisy的被吃掉，不就说明了more frequently吗？而且他的tape就是模仿的nests that contain nestlings 。当然我觉得A也没错，但我觉得B更对

求解答

反衬UID: 2328867

TPO11-1
答案选A，我觉得B对
理由：the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.在37次试验中有29次noisy的被吃掉，不就说明了more frequently吗？而且他的tape就是模仿的nests that contain nestlings 。当然我觉得A也没错，但我觉得B更对* `7 t, G. A9 |  H

求解答
chenhailu12248 发表于 2010-8-21 15:47

原文讲的是before，是时间先后关系，不是频繁关系。这是其一

其二，B当中比较对象与原文不符。 原文： noisy 对quiet。选项B:  nestlings 对 only eggs

chenhailu12248UID: 2569477

原文讲的是before，是时间先后关系，不是频繁关系。这是其一

其二，B当中比较对象与原文不符。 原文： noisy 对quiet。选项B:  nestlings 对 only eggs
反衬 发表于 2010-8-21 18:51

the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.
其一有点同意；
其二：noisy：the egg in that “noisy” nest 模拟的就是呢是nestlings啊
                            quiet：就是only egg的情况啊，我觉得对得还行啊

fsi206914UID: 2684106

Paragraph 3：The earliest ceramics were fired to earthenware temperatures, but as early as the fifteenth century B.C., high-temperature stonewares were being made with glazed surfaces. During the Six Dynasties period (AD 265-589), kilns in north China were producing high-fired ceramics of good quality. Whitewares produced in Hebei and Henan provinces from the seventh to the tenth centuries evolved into the highly prized porcelains of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1279), long regarded as one of the high points in the history of China's ceramic industry. The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament. Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-color lead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip- as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value.




        5. Paragraph 3 supports all of the following concerning the history of the ceramic industry in China EXCEPT:
        ○ The earliest high-fired ceramics were of poor quality.
        ○ Ceramics produced during the Tang and Ming dynasties sometimes incorporated multiple colors.
        ○ Earthenware ceramics were produced in China before stonewares were.
        ○ The Song dynasty period was notable for the production of high quality porcelain ceramics.
a确实是个except项，但我觉得C也不对也，C说earthenware在stonewares之前，原文说stonewares在earthenware之前

fsi206914UID: 2684106

仍然TPO10，Chinese Pottery
Paragraph 5：Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it is with Chinese pots.


        11. Paragraph 5 suggests which of the following about the decorations on Chinese pottery?
        ○ They had more importance for aristocrats than for ordinary citizens.
        ○ Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.
        ○ They contain some of the same images that appear on Greek pots
        ○ Their significance is now as clear to twentieth century observers as it was to the early Chinese.

不是很理解第五段的首句，为什么选B。

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

仍然TPO10，Chinese Pottery
Paragraph 5：Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, ...
fsi206914 发表于 2010-8-21 21:40

首句：Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it is with Chinese pots. 这句明显是有对比。Just as可以知道。对吧?  大概扫过去能感觉出事说Chinese pots和Greek pots有一个相似处。当然，对句子重点部分我们需要有一个敏感度 就是说 句子强调了什么。 这句话该要能感觉出是说chinese pots和G-pots类似，他们的meaning是清晰的。 (大概理解到这个程度就可以了)


再说这题怎么解。
题目问的是：
the decorations on Chinese pottery
所以扫吧。扫到To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merely decorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment had meaning and significance.  (之后的废话和问题的中心无关) 这句话的理解如果不是很清晰的话 也大致能知道chinese pots是和意义啊。重要性啊之类的相关的。 因此开始选吧。

○ They had more importance for aristocrats than for ordinary citizens. ->说到重要性了。留着呗。

○ Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.-> 还是说到重要性，继续留着。

○ They contain some of the same images that appear on Greek pots ->说包含了一些相同的什么东西。(没说过，干掉！)

○ Their significance is now as clear to twentieth century observers as it was to the early Chinese.->重要性。留着呗。

根据重要性做。只能排除掉choice3 继续对比其他三个选项。

choice1 :说到一个对比度的问题。更重要对于艺术家来说。 ->没提到。干掉！

choice2: 重要性还存在着。->留着。毕竟定位句确实说过each object and ... had meaning and significance.

choice4: 说到重要性的一致。其实也是一个对比。是不同时期的一个对比。->还是没说过。无情的干掉吧！

=>choice2 is correct!

反衬UID: 2328867

the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.
其一有点同意；1 `( d# }: p- C0 L  w$ h
其二：noisy：the egg in that “noisy” nest 模拟的就是呢是nestlings啊
quiet：就是only egg的情况啊，我觉得对得还行啊
chenhailu12248 发表于 2010-8-21 21:33

考试大忌：不要用自己的臆想代替原文的文字。原文没讲过的，就不能用自己的臆想增加信息。

原文只是比有没有声音。B选项把原文的"有没有声音"替换成了 "有鸟"和“只有蛋”。明显不对。

进一步来说。有没有声音是鸟叫不叫的问题。有鸟和只有蛋与有没有声音不是同一个问题。但是考托福根本不需要想到这一层。

反衬UID: 2328867

11. Paragraph 5 suggests which of the following about the decorations on Chinese pottery?$ V: k+ E  U% h1 @" E
        ○ They had more importance for aristocrats than for ordinary citizens.
○ Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.
○ They contain some of the same images that appear on Greek pots/ E+ M5 H$ f  L5 R
Their significance is now as clear to twentieth century observers as it was to the early Chinese.

不是很理解第五段的首句，为什么选B。fsi206914 发表于 2010-8-21 21:40

再说这题怎么解。- S5 n$ }  y- z; `* J) r" U
题目问的是：
the decorations on Chinese pottery( L- f" k; t9 ?! Y$ F
所以扫吧。扫到To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merely decorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment had meaning and significance.  (之后的废话和问题的中心无关) 这句话的理解如果不是很清晰的话 也大致能知道chinese pots是和意义啊。重要性啊之类的相关的。 因此开始选吧。
v& W4 w& O
3 _4 K1 D' ]4 `% |3 v% f! `/ l
7 P; o7 Y+ a4 a; W4 X, V: x$ Y7 X6 q

○ They had more importance for aristocrats than for ordinary citizens. ->说到重要性了。留着呗。

○ Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.-> 还是说到重要性，继续留着。

○ They contain some of the same images that appear on Greek pots ->说包含了一些相同的什么东西。(没说过，干掉！)

○ Their significance is now as clear to twentieth century observers as it was to the early Chinese.->重要性。留着呗。

" m1 @# l8 C% Q% B

根据重要性做。只能排除掉choice3 继续对比其他三个选项。

choice1 :说到一个对比度的问题。更重要对于艺术家来说。 ->没提到。干掉！

choice2: 重要性还存在着。->留着。毕竟定位句确实说过each object and ... had meaning and significance.

choice4: 说到重要性的一致。其实也是一个对比。是不同时期的一个对比。->还是没说过。无情的干掉吧！

choice2 is correct!
wuqian0801 发表于 2010-8-21 22:28

这道题不是看首句的。也不是版主找的第二句 答案在此段末句 Only 的强调信息。

Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.


原文信息取反，得到B选项。


过程很简单。不需要这么麻烦。而且关键是看懂原文是个倒装，B选项倒装+虚拟语气。B选项是把原文陈述的事实取反得出相反的假设。


原文取反是一个很重要的考点。多次考到

wuqian0801UID: 2637709

这道题不是看首句的。也不是版主找的第二句 答案在此段末句 Only 的强调信息。

Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost.


原文信息取 ...
反衬 发表于 2010-8-22 10:19

我通常用相关性做。没提到的就排除了.. 其实也很简单。只是说得多了些。
有些板油可能对句子理解有困难 所以个人觉得相关度的排除是最好的方法快速准确的做题了。

我的习惯哈~~ 希望米有误导别人吧~~

viiiiiienaUID: 2716640

TPO5第三篇 THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION       
Paragraph2: Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.
5.According to P2, which of the following is NOT a question that paleontologists asked about the Cambrian explosion?
        Why was the origin of life a simple step in Earth’s history?
        Why did it take so long for multicellular organisms to develop?
        Why did animal life evolve so rapidly?
        Why does the fossil record lack evidence of animal evolution during that time?
看了文勇的解释，很不理解~原文中的multicellular形容的事forms of life，貌似与A中的simple并不矛盾吧，我认为，原文中第三句话是用来解释第二句话的，因此第一个问题恰好可以同意转换成A的形式，没什么问题的啊~反倒是B，根本就是与原文相反，原文通篇的意思都是说这个进化过程太快了，B却说take so long，怎么能对呢？

    14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is
provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.  
       
        The term “Cambrian explosion” refers to the geologically brief period during which all modern animal groups evolved.
       
            Answer Choices
        Little is known about the stages of evolution during the Cambrian period, in part because early animals were soft bodied and could fossilize only under particular conditions.
        While animal fossils from before the Cambrian explosion have no modern descendants, many animals that evolved during the Cambrian explosion can be assigned to modern groups.
        The Cambrian period is significant because it marks the emergence of eukaryotic life-forms – organisms that have cells with true nuclei
        The Ediacara fossil formation provides the most information about the Cambrian explosion, while the earlier, Tommotian and Burgess Shale formations give clues about Precambrian evolution.
        Zoologists are awaiting the discovery of a 600-million-year-old fossil formation in order to be able to form a theory of how animal evolution progressed.
        Although the reasons for the rapid evolution of animals during the Cambrian period are not known, one proposed explanation is an abundance of niches with a lack of competitors.

为什么选2？animal fossils from before the Cambrian explosion have no modern descendants这句话在原文中哪里有体现？这个因果关系原文中有说吗？

哪位高人能说说14这种题的做法？之前看到有经验贴说把每段大意写下来再选就行，可是我用了不灵啊~

谢谢！

反衬UID: 2328867

我通常用相关性做。没提到的就排除了.. 其实也很简单。只是说得多了些。
有些板油可能对句子理解有困难 所以个人觉得相关度的排除是最好的方法快速准确的做题了。

我的习惯哈~~ 希望米有误导别人吧~~
wuqian0801 发表于 2010-8-22 12:41

对于个人而言，没有最好的方法，只有最合适的方法。如果面前摆着两个方法，当由版友自己去判断，取其于己成本低者用之。

我个人觉得相关性原则用来对付GMAT的阅读更有效些。而托福更多的是语言的考察。所以理解原文同义替换更加直接一些。个人愚见，欢迎板砖。