Issue212 目的是否值得

cynthiasmileUID: 2735173

TOPIC: ISSUE212 - "If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.


The speaker claims that if a goal is worthwhile, then any means taken to achieve this goal is justifiable. Although there are many stimulating examples that one person spared no efforts to attain the goal which is meaningful and worthwhile and finally contributed a lot, close scrutiny of this question reveals that whether a goal can be called worthy needs more consideration on moral and legal aspects.

To begin with, throughout the humankinds' long and mysterious history, we can find many evidences that there exists lots of widely accepted worthy goals which really costs tremendous efforts to attain. In the realm of science, Thomas Edison, who is considered to be one of the most important people who has changed that era he lived in, always encourages many people by his unfailing pursuit of the invention of new technologies. And his famous saying (and I paraphrase): "Genius is 99 percent perspiration and 1 percent inspiration" suggests that without hard work and persistence one cannot achieve his or her goal.  Another examples can be seen in the endless pursuing of creating a world of peace , love and care, Mother Teresa has toiled a lifetime to bring a ray of sunshine in the lives of the destitute people in India. These people all sacrifices themselves and persists in their way to attain the much higher goal of the development of all humankinds.

However, under many circumstances, whether a goal is worthy enough to take any means to attain still needs more consideration from moral aspects. Take the typical case people use to explain consequentialist moral reasoning system: there are five patients each desperately need of an organ transplant in order to survive, one needs a heart, one a lung, one a kidney, one a liver and the fifth a pancreas, while the doctor cannot find any donors at the moment. There is one healthy man next door from which one can get the five organs the patients need to survive but definitely the healthy man would die. This goal seems worthwhile because one can save five peoples' lives in sacrifice of only one person's life. Apparently most people with the basic moral sense wouldn't agree with this action. That's because whether the action taken to reach one goal is right or not also depends on the consequences  resulting from that action. Another example is about Von Braun who is considered to be the preeminent rocket engineer in the 20th century. In order to pursue his research interest on the aerospace,  he serviced for Nazi German who could provide fund and facility for his research. However, the Deadly V-2 combat rocket designed by Von Broun brought tremendous disasters to the people throughout the world. In short, even if a goal seems worthy, one better takes further discussion whether it may brought moral problems.
   
Moreover, if one puts too much emphasis on accomplishing their goals without taking into consideration about the legitimacy of their ways, it would cause unexpected serious results also. Convincing examples actually can be seen around everyone's daily life. In order to make more money, some factories choose to reduce expenses by exploiting child labor, using unacceptable materials and releasing poisonous water into rivers which has been a serious obstacle on the progress of sustainable development. Also great attention was given to the details of academic fraud by South Korea's top scientist Hwang Woo-suk who claimed to have cloned human embryos from embryonic stem cells while it turned out that he has invented most of his experiment data in order to raise his reputation in the academic area. Any actions from above are stemming from the people's reckless and impetus pursuit of ostensible interests while overlooking the possibilities of illegal and bad effects they might bring.

In sum, before one take action towards a goal which is thought to be worthy, one should take further consideration on whether the means will be accepted on moral and legal aspects. If the answer is yes, then we cannot see any excuses one doesn't spare no efforts in achieving this goal.

gtjohnUID: 2813321

The speaker claims that if a goal is worthwhile, then any means taken to achieve this goal is justifiable. Although there are many stimulating examples that one person spared no efforts to attain the goal which is meaningful and worthwhile and finally contributed a lot, close scrutiny of this question reveals that whether a goal can be called worthy needs more consideration on moral and legal aspects.
[开头蛮简洁，moral, legal也确定了文章要讨论的范围]

To begin with, throughout the humankinds' long and mysterious history, we can find many evidences that there exists lots of widely accepted worthy goals which really costs tremendous efforts to attain. In the realm of science, Thomas Edison, who is considered to be one of the most important people who has changed that era he lived in, always encourages many people by his unfailing pursuit of the invention of new technologies.[这句结怪怪的edison encourage people by his…应该是他的事迹鼓励人们，如果是他那encourage就应该是过去时，感觉就很怪了] And his famous saying (and I paraphrase): "Genius is 99 percent perspiration and 1 percent inspiration" suggests that without hard work and persistence one cannot achieve his or her goal. Another examples can be seen in the endless pursuing of creating a world of peace , love and care, Mother Teresa has toiled a lifetime to bring a ray of sunshine in the lives of the destitute people in India. These people all sacrifices themselves and persists in their way to attain the much higher goal of the development of all humankinds. [这两个例子是讲努力不放弃，没讲到方法。跟any means的关系是什么呢？]

However, under many circumstances, whether a goal is worthy enough to take any means to attain still needs more consideration from moral aspects. Take the typical case people use to explain consequentialist moral reasoning system: there are five patients each desperately need of an organ transplant in order to survive, one needs a heart, one a lung, one a kidney, one a liver and the fifth a pancreas, while the doctor cannot find any donors at the moment. There is one healthy man next door from which one can get the five organs the patients need to survive but definitely the healthy man would die. This goal seems worthwhile because one can save five peoples' lives in sacrifice of only one person's life. Apparently most people with the basic moral sense wouldn't agree with this action. [这个例子蛮不错，但是花太多笔墨来叙述了。而且后面又有一个例子跟这个例子的关系是什么，要表达的意思似乎都是一样的。建议舍掉一个，在TS后面增加论证。]That's because whether the action taken to reach one goal is right or not also depends on the consequences resulting from that action. Another example is about Von Braun who is considered to be the preeminent rocket engineer in the 20th century. In order to pursue his research interest on the aerospace, he serviced for Nazi German who could provide fund and facility for his research. However, the Deadly V-2 combat rocket designed by Von Broun brought tremendous disasters to the people throughout the world. In short, even if a goal seems worthy, one better takes further discussion whether it may brought moral problems.
   
Moreover, if one puts too much emphasis on accomplishing their goals without taking into consideration about the legitimacy of their ways, it would cause unexpected serious results also. Convincing examples actually can be seen around everyone's daily life. In order to make more money, some factories choose to reduce expenses by exploiting child labor, using unacceptable materials and releasing poisonous water into rivers which has been a serious obstacle on the progress of sustainable development. Also great attention was given to the details of academic fraud by South Korea's top scientist Hwang Woo-suk who claimed to have cloned human embryos from embryonic stem cells while it turned out that he has invented most of his experiment data in order to raise his reputation in the academic area. Any actions from above are stemming from the people's reckless and impetus pursuit of ostensible interests while overlooking the possibilities of illegal and bad effects they might bring.
[moral和legal分成两个body来论证是不是有必要啊，高手指点。我觉得可以整到一个body里，但是第三段要用什么论点就要费脑筋想了，但是肯定是这个Issue的关键。和上一个body一样，例子叙述太长，论证过少。]

In sum, before one take action towards a goal which is thought to be worthy, one should take further consideration on whether the means will be accepted on moral and legal aspects. If the answer is yes, then we cannot see any excuses one doesn't spare no efforts in achieving this goal.

[很明显这篇花了功夫去找例子的，但是如果本身内容不是太深刻的话，单纯堆例子并没有太多作用。Body的论证建议采用TS+论证+例证。不要说一句就丢例子。例子找的不容易恨不得都放上去，但是还是要取舍，去掉重复的，留下最能表达你思想的。不在多在精。 -- 说都会说，我也存在着问题的]