ISSUE88 by 晓航 【1010G8月AW小组】

zhangxiaohang1UID: 2705669

ISSUE88 "Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."



Technologies (i.e., the applications of science) significantly influenced social customs and ethics. Without airplanes computers, we could not live such a comfortable life and our customs and ethics would be changed largely. But the conclusion that technologies determined customs and ethics is a little too absolute.

Along with the developing of technologies, we get a number of benefits from them to make our life more convenient. In this information age, our habits have changed. The first thing after we get up has changed from reading newspapers to receiving emails and checking the RRS. And to celebrate our festivals, sometimes instead of posting a pack of gifts, only an e-card is enough to a friend away from you. Moreover in ancient, the invention of flint changed the way human beings eating from raw to cooked food. So whenever we are, the technologies close to determine customs and ethics. Even if technology has a great effect on it, there are also some other factors such as culture will affect customs and ethics.

If only in the contemporary perspectives, we may conclude that the culture plays a more important role in changing social customs and ethics than technologies. However, when thinking about how the culture came out, you will find culture is also influenced by technologies. The culture is slow formatting with technologies and outward surroundings changing. In this process of formation, different level of development of technologies leads different culture. In ancient China, they’re in high-tech level in that age and have enough food and dress and hence they needn’t to invade others’ homeland to rob sources. On the contrary, in African they lacks of food which result in war-liking customs and ethics. In another field, mental, technology is an application of science and while philosophy is a part of science. Therefore technology can be described as an application of philosophy. The philosophy changed people’s minds and then our habits. Our minds and habits indirectly changed the culture and even costume and ethic. In short, technology determines customs and ethics also by the way of culture.

On the one hand, technologies influence the customs and ethics. On the other hand, customs and ethics have effects on technologies. For instance, gunpowder is invented in China, but Chinese underplayed it for their peace-loving. Meanwhile, the constraint one the clone for its ethic problems is another example that could show the effects from customs and ethics to technologies. However, the effect from customs and ethics are less than the one from technology. This is like that a men driving a car. Technology is the driver and custom and ethic is the car. Its speed and stabilization are constrained by car, but the destination is decided by technology.

In sum, we could conclude that social customs and ethics are determined by Technologies, though there are some secondary factors. In addition, they influence each other in a slow way, but this situation couldn't change the conclusion, which technology determines custom and ethic.

darxideUID: 2503898

Technologies (i.e., the applications of science) significantly influenced social customs and ethics. Without airplanes [and] computers, we could not live such a comfortable life and our customs and ethics would be changed[用different会好些?] largely. But the conclusion that technologies determined customs and ethics is a little too absolute.

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    开篇说明了POSITION是否定。第二句话是不是放在第二段的论证过程里比较合适？
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Along with the developing of technologies, we get a number of benefits from them to make our life more convenient. In this information age, our habits have changed. The first thing after we get up has changed from reading newspapers to receiving emails and checking the RRS. And to celebrate our festivals, sometimes instead of posting a pack of gifts, only an e-card is enough to a friend away from you. Moreover in ancient, the invention of flint changed the way human beings eating from raw to cooked food[我觉得这个应该是改变了人们吃什么。如果是说改变了吃的方式，那么这句话应该描述动作的吧?]. So whenever we are, the[这个the应该不要的吧] technologies close to determine customs and ethics.[这句话的表达方式似乎不大妥当。technologies are close to determining...感觉比较好] Even if technology has a great effect on it, there are also some other factors such as culture will affect customs and ethics.[句首少了个表示转折关系的词]
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           这一段使用的ancient那个例子跟第一段对technology的定义不大吻合
    一般把science视为理论化、系统化的对世界的认识，举近代以后的例子会比较妥当
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If only[if only 是一个专门的短语,最好把only放在句尾] in the contemporary perspectives, we may conclude that the culture plays a more important role in changing social customs and ethics than technologies. However, when thinking about how the culture came out, you will find culture is also influenced by technologies. The culture is slow formatting [forming?]with technologies and outward surroundings changing.[这句感觉有点别扭] In this process of formation, different level of development of technologies leads [to] different culture. In ancient China, they’re in high-tech level in that age and have enough food and dress and hence they needn’t to invade others’ homeland to rob sources. On the contrary, in African they lacks of [lack of 是名词性短语;考虑用动词性的表达方式替代] food which result in war-liking customs and ethics. In another field, mental, technology is an application of science and while philosophy is a part of science. Therefore technology can be described as an application of philosophy. The philosophy changed people’s minds and then our habits. Our minds and habits indirectly changed the culture and even costume and ethic. In short, technology determines[这里换个"影响"之类的词比较好] customs and ethics also by the way of culture.
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古代中国富裕是多方面因素造成的，只能说技术在其中起了作用。
至于是否侵略他人,这更多的取决于地缘政治而非文化,而且扩张版图一直都被视为丰功伟绩。
总体来说感觉这个例子不是很好。
        
此外哲学不是科学，它们是完全不同甚至相互冲突的两类事物。比如，科学必须可证伪。
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On the[没有the] one hand, technologies influence the customs and ethics. On the other hand, customs and ethics have effects on technologies. For instance, gunpowder is invented in China, but Chinese underplayed it for their peace-loving. Meanwhile, the constraint one the clone for its ethic problems is another example that could show the effects from customs and ethics to technologies.[前半句读起来不对劲……] However, the effect from customs and ethics are less than the one from technology
. This is like that a men[man] driving a car. Technology is the driver and custom and ethic is the car. Its speed and stabilization are constrained by car, but the destination is decided by technology.
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古代中国火药武器是正常发展的，火药枪在明朝应用尤其广泛。清政府把它停掉了，原因也不是
爱好和平。但愿ETS的老师不了解天朝历史……

例子尚不是主要问题。第一段给人的印象是，总体POSITION是否定的。但是，中间的论述
都在肯定的立场上，这一段转折的力度又感觉不大够。
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In sum, we could conclude that social customs and ethics are determined by Technologies, though there are some secondary factors. In addition, they influence each other in a slow way, but this situation couldn't change the conclusion, which technology determines custom and ethic.
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突然跑回肯定的立场上去了……
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感觉思路上前后不一致，第一段的描述有可能误导读者错判全文的立场。