emulate小组_argu160_zleung

zleungUID: 2837752

【题目】ARGUMENT 160
As people grow older, an enzyme known as PEP increasingly breaks down the neuropeptide chemicals involved in learning and memory. But now, researchers have found compounds that prevent PEP from breaking neuropeptides
apart. In tests, these compounds almost completely restored lost memory in rats. The use of these compounds should be extended to students who have poor memory and difficulty in concentrating-and therefore serious problems in school performance. Science finally has a solution for problems neither parents nor teachers could solve.
【翻译】
随着人们的衰老，一种已知叫做PEP的酶不断地分解与学习和记忆有关的神经化学物质。但现在研究人员已经发现了一些阻止PEP分解神经化学键的化合物。在试验中，这些化合物几乎完全恢复了老鼠失去的记忆。这些化合物的使用可以扩展到那些记忆力较差和因注意力不能集中而在学习中存在严重问题的学生。科学最终能够解决家长和教师都无法解决的问题。

提纲：小鼠实验成功——化合物能阻止PEP——化合物能用在学生身上
1，试验缺乏信息提示证明老鼠恢复记忆是化合物作用的结果；
2，注意力不集中记忆力不好不一定是PEP作用的结果（PEP在衰老的过程才起作用）
3，即使是PEP作用的结果， 没有证据表明化合物适用于人；


字数：436
正文：
The speaker asserts that some compounds, which are found can prevent PEP from breaking neuropeptides apart, can be used on students who have poor memory and difficulty in concertrating to solve their serious problems in school performance. To support his assertion, the speaker cites tests in which these compounds almost completely restored lost memory in rats. However, this argument is unconvincing on several critical aspects.

To begin with, the tests the speaker cites is unpersuasive. Firstly, the speaker fails to provide sufficient information to garentine the credibility of the tests. There can be other reasons rather than PEP that cause the rats to lose memory, without ruling out this possibility, the test may lead to an opposite result that these compounds have nothing to do with preventing PEP from breaking neuropeptides. Besides, there is another possibility that the effect of these compounds is not to prevent PEP from breaking neuroptides but just the reduction of the production of PEP, which may contribute to memory restoration.

Secondly, even if the tests do prove that these compounds can prevent PEP from breaking neuropeptides apart, there is still a lack of evidence that the compounds are still effective with human. Though rats test is widely used as a biological experiment for the rereason that the rat's gene is about ninety percent similar with human's, the test result is still doubtfull before reconfirmation on human. Without offering evidence that these compounds can apply for human, the speaker can not say that these compounds are also effective on human.

Finally, even if these compouds are effective with human, it does not mean they can be used for those students who have poor memory and difficulty in concentrating to solve their serious problems in school performance. As the speaker metions, PEP breaks down chemicals involved in learning and memory as people grow old. Through this, the speaker might imply that this is a normal process that take place in everyone's brain. Poor memory can be concerned with other reasons  instead of PEP. What's more, difficulty in concentrating probably has nothing with breaking down of neuropeptides but other reasons like lack of nutrition, heavy study pressure and even bad study habit.

In sum, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen it, the speaker should provide evidence that the tats tests are persuasive, and that coumpounds that are effective with rats are effective with human too. Finally, There might be no way to solve no-able-to-concentrating problems but right through teachers and parents, for example enhance untrition in students's everyday life, or start certain trainings that help students concentrate, thus can help students solve learning problems.