[116G]风雨与共 Issue提纲帖 By yilin

huyilinUID: 2857280

ISSUE 203（社会
）
"Thebest way to understand the character of a society is to examine the characterof the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or itsheroines."

1.
部分否认作者观点，认为其观点过于绝对。

2.
英雄的定义：【1】行为英雄，如NBA球星（KobeBryant），人们称他们为英雄只是取决与他们在该领域的成就，与其本身的人格特征没有太大关联。【2】道德英雄，其行为或是贡献符合人们的道德期望，因而成为英雄。事实上，对于第一类，其人格特征不能代表公众的人格特征。

3.
对于第二类，其之所以成为社会英雄或者偶像，是因为人们对其行为道德的一种认同和赞许，很多情况下，人们认同和赞许的，实际上自己并不具有。

4.
英雄所表现的人格特征往往只是特例或者趋于完美，很多情况下远远高于社会的平均水平。（比尔盖茨的裸捐事实上不适用于大部分富人）。

5.
结论，英雄的人格特征表现了社会的期望，但是不能完全代表公众的人格特征。

ISSUE 138(错误和进步)

138"Only through mistakescan there be discovery or progress."

1.部分同意。

2.历史上的一些discovery确实是由mistakes引起的，如saccharin 的发明Constantin Fahlberg

然而更多的discovery和progress是人们对某一特定领域的探索及追求而得来的。

3.进一步：Mistake和progress是一种相伴随的关系,实际上对于任何的一项研究，不可能说从头到尾没有任何的失败和错误，而正是大量的 mistakes使人们得到教训，吸收经验，从而更好的前进（SpaceShuttle
Challenger
disaster
occurred on January 28,1986）。

4.总结，错误是组成progress的一部分，但是从逻辑上，不能说mistakes是progress的条件约束。

ISSUE 59(学习，学习方法)

59"Toomuch emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, peopleshould learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that arebest for them."

【1】
部分同意。

【2】

2.1
模板可以使得人们更加轻松和高效的工作。

2.2人类新的研究和成果很多都是建立在之前的models上。

2.3
however,对model的过分依赖可能会使得人们变得懒惰，丧失创新精神(Plagiarismin Academia)

【3】

3.1自主性是提高个人能力的重要方法（傅立叶，信号Fourier decomposesa signal into sinusoidal signal.

3.2 however完全的独立自主使人的思想变得封闭，人们如果按照自己的方案去思考事情而不考虑周围的环境，那么创造出来的东西往往都是无用的。

【4】总结，应该在模板的利用和独创性之间找到平衡，在充分利用周围资源的同时发掘新事物。

ISSUE112(教育)：

112"Some educational systems emphasize thedevelopment of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, butstudents would benefit more from an education that also taught them to exploretheir own emotions."

试一下英文哈～

1. both of thetwo aspects are important.

2. Illustrationof the significance of logical reasoning and logical thinking.

3. Theexploration of self-emotion is also important, and sometimes more essentialthan the academic capacity. It judges the person’s philosophy, and the capacityto overcome frustration or
Vexation. thus ,help one to be an over-all social individual.Factually, It’s not only the ability that can predict one’s contributionto the society, but also the inner emotion of one’s attitude to life and others.

4. Payingtoo much attention on the ability of reasoning and logical thinking, while neglectingthe exploration of emotions would bring about many side effects.

5. Thecontemporary education system should be required to accomplish both of theeducation tasks, logical ability and emotion cultivation.

ISSUE 121(环境)

121"At various times in the geological past, manyspecies have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human,processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinaryefforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."

1. Disagree with the viewpoint.

2. Although many species’ extinction in the past wasn’tattributed to our humankind, we still should be responsible for those killed byour industrial pollution.

3. The rapid development of human has caused severeimbalance between us and the other species. If we still insist that all ofthese are due to natural selection (Darwin), and be unconcerned and heartless aboutthe death of other species. We will finally become the last

Creature living the world and endure the endlessisolation.

4. The other significance of the endangered species .

5. On the other hand, We shouldn’t put everything underthe absolute reasonableness. Just like the donation to the poor, we know thatit has nothing to do with ourselves’ benefits, but we still do that.

5. As we humans, especially the wealthy individual or countryshould pay basic attention to the other species as companions of human.

ISSUE 26:（社会，古迹和发展）:

26"Mostpeople would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society'spast, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modernplanners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations,modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historicbuildings so that contemporary needs can be served."

还是改回中文吧：

1. 部分同意。

2. 新事物的兴起往往是以旧事物的消亡为代价的，不能因为过于重视传统而阻碍了新事物的发展，比如说不能因为已经习惯了君主制就不搞君主立宪了Constitutional monarchy，我们需要合理的改变传统来进行新的发展。

3.但是，不能够随意的以发展为借口，或者是其他一些并不具有太多重要性的理由，来任意破坏那些具有特殊历史意义的建筑。人类是有感情的动物，我们不能只看前景，而忘记了历史。

很多老建筑的存在，往往具有浓厚的历史意义。

如其中一些给人以教训和警醒：柏林墙。

文化意义：中国故宫，The Parthenon of Greece.

这些建筑一旦被摧毁，就很难甚至不可能被复原。

4.是建立新的建筑还是保留原来的建筑，the weight of both shouldbe determined on a case by case basic.

ISSUE 160(领导者的素质):

160"The most essential quality of an effectiveleader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principlesand objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts inpopular opinion will accomplish little."

1. Partly agree.

2. A leader’s mind judge the direction in which the groupgoes. So it is important that the leader holds the right strategy.

3. In the rapid social change and fierce competition, one’smind can be easily influenced and sometimes be lost in the temptation and feint.So a clear and practical standpoint should be hold by the leader that the groupcould be united and march in the same direction.

4. But the firmness of leader doesn’t mean autocracy(stick to his own particular principles andobjectives, due to the rapid social and technological change.), nobody could make the right choice on every step, sothe listening of another’s advice is still necessary. The autocracy means thatonce the leader make the wrong decision, nobody else of the group could preventthe happen of the failure. Like the

5.Thus moderation should be made. Polarity in either sideis not advisable.