36套中的一篇阅读。求大牛解答

瓶子要学习UID: 2999456

Some modern anthropologists hold that biological
evolution has shaped not only human morphology but
also human behavior. The role those anthropologists
Line ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of
human behavior but one of imposing constraints—
ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that "come natu-
rally" in archetypal situations in any culture. Our
"frailties“–emotions and motives such as rage, fear,
greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed
assortment, but they share at least one immediate
quality: we are, as we say, "in the grip "of them. And
thus they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those“ frailties”our need for
ever-increasing security among them—are presently
maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural
detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction,
and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes.
We would need to comprehend thoroughly their
adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their pressure.



1. Which of the following most probably provides
an appropriate analogy from human morphol-
ogy for the "details"versus "constraints"
distinction made in the passage in relation to
human behavior?
(A) The ability of most people to see all the
colors of the visible spectrum as against
most people‘s inability to name any but
the primary colors
(B) The ability of even the least fortunate
people to show compassion as against
people‘s inability to mask their feelings
completely
(C) The ability of some people to dive to great
depths as against most people‘s inability
to swim long distances
(D) The psychological profile of those people
who are able to delay gratification as
against people‘s inability to control their
lives completely
(E) The greater lung capacity of mountain
peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor
air as against people‘s inability to fly
without special apparatus
2. It can be inferred that in his discussion of
maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of
adaptive characteristics over the emergence
of maladaptive ones
(B) any structure or behavior not positively
adaptive is regarded as transitory in
evolutionary theory
(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed,
make the emergence of other maladaptive
characteristics more likely
(D) the designation of a characteristic as being
maladaptive must always remain highly
tentative
(E) changes in the total human environment can outpace evolutionary change   
答案都选E，不明白怎么来得啊，尤其是第一题，该怎么选啊

coco3263UID: 16360

1.第一题题目的句式蛮复杂的，我看了至少5分钟，还是不太清楚怎么理解这个题，还是通过把选项填进题目，拼成句子的方式，才大概了猜了题目的意思。大概是说：
以下选项哪个与原文中的 details 和 constraints之间的关系 是类似的。

我选择A， details 是constraints 的表现之一，后者包含了前者。


2. 文中明确表明了 人类的一系列 不适应性，不是一种不好的、应该被消除的东西，而是生物进化的必然，是正常的进化过程的一部分。
Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction,and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes.——在各种文化细节表现的交叠之下，这些不适应性也被认为是生物进化中行进过程的正常现象（in direction），因此对我们来说正常的如同我们人人都有阑尾这个事实一样。

除了A选项，其他几个选项都显示出了maladaptive是一种不好的、不正常的现象的意思。

瓶子要学习UID: 2999456

2# coco3263 那个，答案都选E。。。

瓶子要学习UID: 2999456

3# fhb881125   哦，谢谢啦。做这题是费好久，而且还做错了。真是超级不划算