36套的两道题求解

darkness8804UID：3141998

36套第7套第6题
The use of heat pumps has been held backlargely by skepticism about advertisers‘ claims thatheat pumps can provide as many as two units ofthermal energy for each unit of electrical energyused, thus apparently contradicting the principle ofenergy conservation.

6. If the author‘s assessment of the use of heat pumps iscorrect, which of the following best expresses thelesson that advertisers should learn from this case?
(A) Do not make exaggerated claims about theproducts you are trying to promote.
(B) Focus your advertising campaign on vagueanalogies and veiled implications instead ofon facts.
(C) Do not use facts in your advertising that willstrain the prospective client‘s ability tobelieve.
(D) Do not assume in your advertising that theprospective clients know even the mostelementary scientific principles.
(E) Concentrate your advertising firmly on financiallyrelevant issues such as price discounts andefficiency of operation.

正确答案选C。
我选成了A请问为什么是C？
我是想，文中作者的态度是不同意该广告中的claim,这样的claim是违反能量守恒定律的。
而C中说do not use facts.我想说这样的claim怎么能算是“fact”？
英文fact是“事实”，需要是正确的。fact英文的解释也说是truth.见http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fact
这样的claim不能说是truth.
我想A中反映了这个claim不是一个truth请问我的想法错在哪里？

一道长文是第7套第11题，有做过的朋友应该有印象吧

     Flatfish, such as the flounder, are among the few vertebrates that lack approximate bilateral symmetry (symmetry in which structures to the left and right of the body’s midline are mirror images). Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. While in most species with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same asymmetry, members of the starry flounder species can be either left-eyed (both eyes on the left side of head) or right-eyed. In the waters between the United States and Japan, the starry flounder populations vary from about 50 percent left-eyed off the United States West Coast, through about 70 percent left-eyed halfway between the United States and Japan, to nearly 100 percent left-eyed off the Japanese coast.
    Biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certain geographic range a “cline” and interpret clines as strong indications that the variation is adaptive, a response to environmental differences. For the starry flounder this interpretation implies that a geometric difference (between fish that are mirror images of one another) is adaptive, that left-eyedness in the Japanese starry flounder has been selected for, which provokes a perplexing questions: what is the selective advantage in having both eyes on one side rather than on the other?
    The ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy, especially the optic nerves, for the answer. In all flatfish the optic nerves cross, so that the right optic nerve is joined to the brain’s left side and vice versa. This crossing introduces an asymmetry, as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other. G. H. Parker reasoned that if, for example, a flatfish’s left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top, there would be a twisting of nerves, which might be mechanically disadvantageous. For starry flounders, then, the left-eyed variety would be selected against, since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.
    The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed, an natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation. As other explanations proved equally untenable, biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness, and that the two characteristics are genetically associated with some other adaptively significant characteristic. This situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral. As for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference, however striking, appears to be an evolutionary red herring.

11. The author would be most likely to agreewith which of the following statementsabout left-eyedness and right-eyedness inthe starry flounder?
□A They are adaptive variations by the starry flounderto environmental differences.
□B They do not seem to give obvious selectiveadvantages to the starry flounder.
□C They occur in different proportions in differentlocations.

答案是BC，但我选了C请问选这个答案的原因？

我的想法是，关于B，
虽然文中第4段首句（The problem with...）指出，呈现左眼而非呈现右眼，并没有适应性角度的理由，
但，第三段末两句也指出，比起一般的flat fish眼睛会migrate,starry flounders眼睛不会migrate，如呈现left-eyed不动，是有其advantages的。
而B中说left-eyeness和right-eyeness没有提供advantages，我读着觉得不对。
正确应该是left-eyeness相对于right-eyeness没有advantages，反之亦然。
这样的想法请问错在哪里？

caning@163.comUID：3151498

第一题 advertisers should learn from this case。
就是不用facts. claim好忽悠。。。
第2题 虽然第三段末两句指出的 但无法被证明 第4段首句

苏梳眠UID：2717864

36套第7套第6题
这个是No.6-3-2的阅读题目。
个人觉得作者的观点不是不同意该广告中的claim，而是对skepticism持反面观点。
你可从后文中发现，全文都在围绕heat pump进行描述，那么说明作者对其的作用还是肯定的。
而文章开头恰恰作为一个引子，说明heat pump的特殊作用被skepticism所误解，从而引出后文中的介绍。
而advertiser们恰恰将具有惊人效果的fact呈现，给习惯于平庸效果的skepticism，当然是会被常规的思维held back的。很重要一点，claim并没有违反energy conservation，否则本文的发展基础就是错误的。
从而反证A中的exaggerated claim并不存在。

长文是第7套第11题来自No.7-1文章。
The problem with the above explanation is that the Japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively left-eyed, an natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation.
个人理解。文章主要描述一种生物现象，然后首先给出了自然进化者们的观点，然后反驳之。
自然选择是不可能让一个不具有advantages的部分不断发展的。但是事实上Japan sea的情况违反了这样的结论，那么说明自然选择这种观点是有问题的。
从全文的观点看，作者是不赞同自然选择所给出的，left-eyeness相对于right-eyeness没有advantages这种观点的，也即两者的作用应该都是均等的。

darkness8804UID：3141998

3# 苏梳眠 恩，版主强大，感谢版主。现在我理解了，特别是第11题感觉逻辑有点绕，B和第三段末是逆关系，而第三段末又被第四段首句否定，而第四段首句是作者的态度。所以B是正解。看来把握作者态度真的很重要

苏梳眠UID：2717864

3# 苏梳眠 恩，版主强大，感谢版主。现在我理解了，特别是第11题感觉逻辑有点绕，B和第三段末是逆关系，而第三段末又被第四段首句否定，而第四段首句是作者的态度。所以B是正解。看来把握作者态度真的很重要
darkness8804 发表于 2011-9-10 14:40

有疑惑，可以在搜索栏里找找前人的分析，会有很多的~