关于36套的各种题目求解~[新增问题第13、16套]

watertcafeUID: 2999484

关于第六套的第一篇。
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological
evolution has shaped not only human morphology but
also human behavior. The role those anthropologists
Line ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of
5 human behavior but one of imposing constraints—
ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that ―come naturally‖
in archetypal situations in any culture. Our
―frailties‖ –emotions and motives such as rage, fear,
greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed
10 assortment, but they share at least one immediate
quality: we are, as we say, ―in the grip‖ of them. And
thus they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for
ever-increasing security among them—are presently
15 maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural
detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction,
and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes.
We would need to comprehend thoroughly their
adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they
20 guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their
pressure.



题目是：

1. Which of the following most probably provides
an appropriate analogy from human morphology
for the ―details‖ versus ―constraints‖
distinction made in the passage in relation to
human behavior?
(A) The ability of most people to see all the
colors of the visible spectrum as against
most people‘s inability to name any but
the primary colors
(B) The ability of even the least fortunate
people to show compassion as against
people‘s inability to mask their feelings
completely
(C) The ability of some people to dive to great
depths as against most people‘s inability
to swim long distances
(D) The psychological profile of those people
who are able to delay gratification as
against people‘s inability to control their
lives completely
(E) The greater lung capacity of mountain
peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor
air as against people‘s inability to fly
without special apparatus
2. It can be inferred that in his discussion of
maladaptive frailties the author assumes that
(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of
adaptive characteristics over the emergence
of maladaptive ones
(B) any structure or behavior not positively
adaptive is regarded as transitory in
evolutionary theory
(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed,
make the emergence of other maladaptive
characteristics more likely
(D) the designation of a characteristic as being
maladaptive must always remain highly
tentative
(E) changes in the total human environment can
outpace evolutionary change


答案EE。全错= =
来回看了四五遍文章都摸不着头脑它到底在讲什么，逻辑结构也分析不出来。
只是隐约知道有的fraility是maladaptive的，而fraility可以约等于constraints，与之相对的又是detail，于是detail就是adaptive的？
第二题完全没有头绪~~

附：花儿阅读解释参考，只有第一题，而且看不懂……

从提干中找条件：1。From human morphology  2.details  vs   constraints
就是在人类形态上共性和个性的比较
A无共性个性，B的compassion不是形态，C的depth&long不是共性和个性，而且它讲的是运动学，不是形态学，D的psychological profile直接就告诉我们它讲的不是形态，所以E对

求牛人帮忙理一下逻辑结构，谢谢！
【谢谢版主解答……我再琢磨琢磨T T】

新增问题13套第二篇，第4题
弟16套，第5.12题

Astridcai90UID: 3132551

同问啊,完全不知道在讲什么

watertcafeUID: 2999484

于是被无视了么=v=看来这篇是真的很变态~~单词都不难，但是就是搞不清楚它在说神马。最要命的是逻辑结构分析不出来~

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

其实是很想回答你的问题的，但是我看了你引述的解答以后，不知道怎么回答了，因为解答很清楚了啊，否则，我只有一句一句给你翻译了。。。。。:L

watertcafeUID: 2999484

其实是很想回答你的问题的，但是我看了你引述的解答以后，不知道怎么回答了，因为解答很清楚了啊，否则，我只有一句一句给你翻译了。。。。。:L
萝卜须根多 发表于 2011-10-12 14:30

抓住版主T T内牛满面……首先 我又看了几遍，怎么也看不出来解答里说的“detail和constraints对应个性和共性”这一条是哪里来的？
另外，第二题的答案感觉很莫须有啊……
我能从原文第二段判断出来的一点就是~有些看起来maladaptive的东西其实也是有adaptive的origin的，也就是说可以根据环境的改变而改变……难道这样就可以算是第二题的推断原因么？

萝卜须根多UID: 3008387

你淡定点先;P
以下仅供参考哈
1，首先我承认我没懂你引用的所谓共性和特性（我只看到了details和constriction，我也懒得深究这两个词是不是有别的意思。但是你引用的解答说的很清楚，就是要找关键字，一一排除）。然后，审题：注意选项要讲到：morphology（有关的details 和constriction）和behavior。并且，逻辑关系要符合：人类的某种形态决定了人类的某种行为能力，但是同时造成了某种限制。A首先我没看到形态，其次这个选项是比较某种人和其他人的不同，没有这种人这种性质本身的优劣比较。B。。。C。。。D。。。E。。。
2，靠maladaptive frailties定位到unhappily这一句开始。然后，要适度推断，作者的浅台词是什么。我觉得你第二题找对了啊。以前，也少adaptive的，但是后来文化上变了，我们却没适应，就是maladaptive了。这里有culture上和nature上的一个小对比。A-D可以用排除法：A简直是一派胡言啊，原文完全没有提到也没有暗示。B。。。C。。。D。。。

watertcafeUID: 2999484

你淡定点先;P
以下仅供参考哈
1，首先我承认我没懂你引用的所谓共性和特性（我只看到了details和constriction，我也懒得深究这两个词是不是有别的意思。但是你引用的解答说的很清楚，就是要找关键字，一一排除）。 ...
萝卜须根多 发表于 2011-10-12 16:00

谢谢！我再去琢磨琢磨……还是有点迷糊·这个别人说得再清楚，自己不开窍也是浮云啊T T

新增问题13套第二篇，第4题
According to astronomer S.A. Phinney, kicking a rock
hard enough to free it from Earth's gravity would require
a meteorite capable of making a crater more than 60 miles
across. Moreover, even if Earth rocks were freed by
meteorite impact, Mars's orbit is much larger than Earth's,
so Phinney estimates that the probability of these rocks
hitting Mars is about one-tenth as great as that of Mars's
rocks hitting Earth. To demonstrate this estimate, Phinney
used a computer to calculate where 1,000 hypothetical
particles would go if ejected from Earth in random
directions. He found that 17 of the 1,000 particles would
hit Mars.

4. Which of the following, if true, would cast most
doubt on Phinney's estimate of the probability of
Earth rocks hitting Mars?
○A Rather than going in random directions, about
25 percent of all particles ejected from Earth
go in the same direction into space.
○B Approximately 100 meteorites large enough to
make a noticeable crater hit the Earth each year.
○C No rocks of Earth origin have been detected
on Mars.
○D The velocity of rocks escaping from Earth's gravity is
lower than the velocity of meteorites hitting the Earth.
○E No craters more than 60 miles across have
been found on Mars.


这个题目的类型应该是weaken类型~有逻辑推理的成分在。杨继老师说~这种时候应该找原文现象和结论之间联系的漏洞。
原文的意思~我的理解是：
Mars's orbit is much larger than Earth's,--------------所以————————the probability of these rocks hitting Mars is about one-tenth as great as that of Mars's rocks hitting Earth. 并没有提到random directions；
然后P做了一个电脑模型来验证自己的假设，这里有提到random directions。
如果真的要我选，我会选一个说“火星轨道大小和撞击可能性大小无关”之类的选项，可是答案只有有关random direction的选项。这种在验证试验中加上去的条件~~原文也没有提到这个和撞击率大小的关系……为什么会成为选项呢T T求解……

watertcafeUID: 2999484

Innovative as it is, Luis Valdez' acto owes much to the
theater traditions or other periods and regions. Like early
Spanish American religious dramas, secular folk dramas,
Line and the Mexican carpas of a somewhat later period, actos
5 are usually performed outdoors by traveling groups of
players or by local theater groups. The improvised comic
satire of the actos is often attributed to Valdez' study of
the Italian commedia dell' arte of the sixteenth century,
although some critics see it as a direct reflection of the
10 comic and improvisational qualities of the more
contemporary and local carpas of Mexican theater. The
Italian influence is likely, whatever Valdez‘ immediate
source: the Mexican carpas themselves are said to have
originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century
15 Spanish writer inspired by encounters with Italian
commedia dell'arte troupes on tour in Spain.

5. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens
the author's argument concerning the debt of the
acto to the theater traditions of other periods and
regions?
(A) Many popular forms of theater rely heavily
on improvisation.
(B) Plays resembling the acto in structure were
written in the 1970's by West African
playwrights who are interested in dramatizing
the richness of their own cultures.
(C) The use of masks has, at one time or another,
been characteristic of the theater traditions
of almost all cultures, even those most isolated
from outside influences.
(D) During a strike, it is common for union members
to present musical skits dramatizing the
values of solidarity and resistance.
(E) Before 1965 Luis Valdez had attended many
performances of traditional Mexican theater
groups touring the western United States.


答案E，很莫名……题目的意思我没理解错把？“下列那一项，如果是真的，最能支持作者关于【acto从theatre tradition中继承的东西】的argument？
原文只提到了acto受tradition”much"影响，还有它的perform形式以及improvised comic satire。难道因为perform形式里面有outdoor tour，所以E中LV早年参与M theatre到美国的tour演出就能证明他的作品受theatre tradition影响吗？不应该吧T T

watertcafeUID: 2999484

When a molten metal or metallic alloy is cooled to a
solid, a crystalline structure is formed that depends on the
particular alloy composition. In contrast, molten
Line nonmetallic glass-forming materials, when cooled, do not
5 assume a crystalline structure, but instead retain a
structure somewhat like that of the liquid--an amorphous
structure. At room temperature, the natural long-term
tendency for both types of materials is to assume the
crystalline structure. The difference between the two is in
10 the kinetics or rate of formation of the crystalline
structure, which is controlled by factors such as the nature
of the chemical bonding and the ease with which atoms
move relative to each other. Thus, in metals, the kinetics
favors rapid formation of a crystal line structure, whereas
15 in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that
almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an
amorphous structure.

12. It can be inferred from the passage that, theoretically,
molten nonmetallic glasses assume a crystalline
structure rather than an amorphous structure only if
they are cooled
(A) very evenly, regardless of the rate
(B) rapidly, followed by gentle heating
(C) extremely slowly
(D) to room temperature
(E) to extremely low temperatures


答案B，更加莫名了……求解文中最后一句话的翻译……【Thus, in metals, the kinetics
favors rapid formation of a crystal line structure, whereas
15 in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that
almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an
amorphous structure.】