本帖最后由 lionelfeng 于 2011-11-14 10:27 编辑
The belief that art originates in intuitive rather than rational faculties was worked out historically and philosophically in the somewhat wearisome volumes of
Line Benedetto Croce, who is usually considered the originator
of a new aesthetic. Croce was, in fact, expressing a very old idea. Long before the Romantics stressed intuition and self-expression, the frenzy of inspiration was regarded as fundamental to art, but philosophers had always assumed it must be controlled by law and by the intellectual power of putting things into harmonious order. This general philosophic concept of art was supported by technical necessities. It was necessary to master certain laws and to use intellect in order to build Gothic cathedrals, or set up the stained glass windows of
Chartres. When this bracing element of craftsmanship ceased to dominate artists‘ outlook, new technical elements had to be adopted to maintain the intellectual element in art. Such were linear perspective and anatomy.
(156 words)
6. The passage suggests that which of the following
would most likely have occurred if linear perspective and anatomy had not come to influence artistic endeavor?
(A) The craftsmanship that shaped Gothic
architecture would have continued to
dominate artists‘ outlooks.
(B) Some other technical elements would have
been adopted to discipline artistic inspiration.
(C) Intellectual control over artistic inspiration
would not have influenced painting as it
did architecture.
(D) The role of intuitive inspiration would not
have remained fundamental to theories of
artistic creation.
(E) The assumptions of aesthetic philosophers
before Croce would have been invalidated.
Q1:Some other 从何而来？
Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which
Line scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus,
5 for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic
effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the
differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians
depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. (177 words)
11. According to the passage, scientists are skeptical
toward their equations because scientists
(A) work to explain real, rather than theoretical
or simplified, situations
(B) know that well-defined problems are often
the most difficult to solve
(C) are unable to express their data in terms of
multiple variables
(D) are unwilling to relax the axioms they have
developed
(E) are unable to accept mathematical
explanations of natural phenomena
Q: 该题我从第一句定位找到答案，但是后面theoretical or simplified, situations是从哪里体现出来的？不是特别懂~
谢谢！！
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发表于 2011-11-13 22:10:43
发表于 2011-11-13 23:21:45
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