请教：TPO10 reading 第三篇 几个题

zhangyixiang007UID: 3135632

Paragraph 8：The rapid expansion in international trade also benefitted from an infusion of
capital, stemming largely from gold and silver brought by Spanish vessels from the Americas.
This capital financed the production of goods, storage, trade, and even credit across Europe and
overseas. Moreover an increased credit supply was generated by investments and loans by
bankers and wealthy merchants to states and by joint-stock partnerships - an English
Proofread By Miffy and Alex Page: 342 / 493
innovation (the first major company began in 1600). Unlike short-term financial cooperation
between investors for a single commercial undertaking, joint-stock companies provided
permanent funding of capital by drawing on the investments of merchants and other investors who
purchased shares in the company.

12. According to paragraph 8, each of the following was a source of funds used to finance
economic expansion EXCEPT
○ groups of investors engaged in short-term financial cooperation
○ the state
○ wealthy merchants
○ joint-stock companies


答案选B
但是我觉得A应该也是吧
最后一题
○1. Bringing more land under cultivation produced enough food to create surpluses for
trade and investment as well as for supporting the larger populations that led to the growth of
rural industry.
○2. Most rural villages established an arrangement with a nearby urban center that enabled
villagers to take advantage of urban markets to sell any handicrafts they produced.
○3. Increases in population and the expansion of trade led to increased manufacturing,
much of it small-scale in character but some requiring significant capital investment.
○4. Increased capital was required for the production of goods, for storage, for trade, and for
the provision of credit throughout of Europe as well as distant markets overseas.
○5. Bills of exchange were invented in medieval Italy but became less important as banks began
to provide loans for merchants.
○6. The expansion of trade was facilitated by developments in banking and financial
services and benefitted from the huge influx of capital in the form of gold silver from the Americas
为什么4不是，因为太具体了吗？

史殿金UID: 3319267

12题except题，很有可能三个正确答案在文中以并列形式出现（keep in mind）。
题干定位词source of funds。读文章第一句话capital，与定位词相符，后面说的是Spanish vessels from the Americas.该信息放到STM(short-term memory），后面信息investments and loans与定位词相符，接着by后面并列结构1：bankers对应选项A(对banker进行了重新解释），2wealthy merchants对应选项C，3，joint-stock partnerships对应选项D.
B.to state根本不是source，而是接受investment和loan的承受方。

史殿金UID: 3319267

最后一题，试分析下4与6的相同与不同点，很明显6包含4里面最核心的内容capital，还包括banking and financial services 更全面。