求教No.4-2-1 第20题

Doyle_2010UID: 3211625

The evolutionof intelligence among early
    large mammals of thegrasslands was due in
    great measure to theinteraction between two
    ecologically synchronizedgroups of these ani-
(5) mals, the huntingcarnivores and the herbivores
    that they hunted. Theinteraction resulting from
the differences between predator and prey led to
a general improvement in brain functions; how-
ever, certain components of intelligence were
(10) improved far more than others.
      The kind of intelligencefavored by the inter-
play of increasingly smarter catchers and
increasingly keener escapers is defined by
attention—that aspect of mind carrying con-
(15) sciousness forward from one moment to the
next. It ranges from a passive, free-floating
awareness to a highly focused, active fixation.
The range through these states is mediated by
the arousal system, a network of tracts converg-
(20) ing from sensory systems to integrating centers
in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the
more vigorous levels, sensitivity to novelty is
increased. The organism is more awake, more
vigilant; this increased vigilance results in the
(25) apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the
organism becomes more sensitive to its sur-
roundings. The processes of arousal and concen-
tration give attention its direction. Arousal is at
first general, with a flooding of impulses in the
(30)
brain stem; then gradually the activation is
channeled. Thus begins concentration, the hold-
ing of consistent images. One meaning of intelli-
gence is the way in which these images and other
alertly searched information are used in the con-
(35) text of previous experience. Consciousness links
past attention to the present and permits the
integration of details with perceived ends and
purposes.
      The elements ofintelligence and conscious-
(40) ness come together marvelously to produce dif-
ferent styles in predator and prey. Herbivores
and carnivores develop different kinds of atten-
tion related to escaping or chasing. Although in
both kinds of animal, arousal stimulates the
(45) production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by
the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is pri-
marily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is
primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes
the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not
(50) experience forethought as we know it, but the
animal does experience something like it. The
predator is searchingly aggressive, innerdirected,
tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal
hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human
(55) consciousness than, say, a hungry lizard’s instinc-
tive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events
as a framework, the large mammal predator is
working out a relationship between movement
and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails
(60) and distant sounds—and yesterday’s unforgotten
lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different
mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching
and its attitude of general expectancy instead of
anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over
an explosive endocrine system.



20. The sensitivity described inlines 56-61 is most
   clearly an example of
   (A) “free-floatingawareness” (lines 16-17)
   (B) “flooding of impulsesin the brain stem”
      (lines29-30)
   (C) “the holding ofconsistent images”
      (lines31-32)
   (D) “integration of detailswith perceived ends
      andpurposes” (lines 37-38)
   (E) “silk-thin veils oftranquility” (line 64)
请问这道题怎么做？还有这类题型的解题方法？
谢谢了！

苏梳眠UID: 2717864

可以找找精华帖中，草木版主的讲解。

Doyle_2010UID: 3211625

2# 苏梳眠 你指的是这个吗？https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=922782&extra=page%3D1%26amp%3Bfilter%3Dtype%26amp%3Btypeid%3D112
看过了，里面解释不是很清楚，而且对这类题实在很迷糊，不知道如何下手

846136085UID: 2987171

3# Doyle_2010

在写了一天代码，头晕的情况下……
GRE里好多进化的题目，这对我这种专门学进化的是不是有偏袒

题目针对这句提问。“Using past events as a framework, the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds—and yesterday’s unforgotten lessons.”
既然是举例，那基本不可能是后面的句子了。

分别定位选项
A.It ranges from a passive, free-floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation.
B.Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem
C.Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images.
D.Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of details with perceived ends and purposes.


很明显D选项里的past attention很题干中的yesterday’s unforgotten lessons是同一个意思，D选项里的link就是题干中的relationship，所以就D了

我一直觉得阅读真的没什么技巧，或者我没有掌握什么技巧，读懂就是了。