求助短阅读，来源RC36Ex6文章1，附原文

小硕鼠UID: 3411565

原谅把整个题贴上来了……根本不知道这文章说的是啥
这两题就完全无从下笔了……
提前谢过！
Some modern anthropologists hold that biological
evolution has shaped not only human morphology but
also human behavior. The role those anthropologists
Line ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of
human behavior but one of imposing constraints—
ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that ―come natu-
rally‖ in archetypal situations in any culture. Our
―frailties‖ –emotions and motives such as rage, fear,
greed, gluttony, joy, lust, love—may be a very mixed
assortment, but they share at least one immediate
quality: we are, as we say, ―in the grip‖ of them. And
thus they give us our sense of constraints.
Unhappily, some of those frailties—our need for
ever-increasing security among them—are presently
maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural
detail, they, too, are said to be biological in direction,
and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes.
We would need to comprehend thoroughly their
adaptive origins in order to understand how badly they
guide us now. And we might then begin to resist their
pressure.

1. Which of the following most probably provides
an appropriate analogy from human morphol-
ogy for the ―details‖ versus ―constraints‖
distinction made in the passage in relation to
human behavior?
(A) The ability of most people to see all the
colors of the visible spectrum as against
most people‘s inability to name any but
the primary colors
(B) The ability of even the least fortunate
people to show compassion as against
people‘s inability to mask their feelings
completely
(C) The ability of some people to dive to great
depths as against most people‘s inability
to swim long distances
(D) The psychological profile of those people
who are able to delay gratification as
against people‘s inability to control their
lives completely
(E) The greater lung capacity of mountain
peoples that helps them live in oxygen-poor
air as against people‘s inability to fly
without special apparatus
2. It can be inferred that in his discussion of
maladaptive frailties the author assumes that（多选）
(A) evolution does not favor the emergence of
adaptive characteristics over the emergence
of maladaptive ones
(B) any structure or behavior not positively
adaptive is regarded as transitory in
evolutionary theory
(C) maladaptive characteristics, once fixed,
make the emergence of other maladaptive
characteristics more likely
(D) the designation of a characteristic as being
maladaptive must always remain highly
tentative
(E) changes in the total human environment can
outpace evolutionary change

linger0527UID: 3368017

某些当代人类学家坚持认为，生物进化不仅仅塑造了人类形体，而且亦塑造了
人类
行为。这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不是规定人类行为的种种细节，
而是将
各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会“自然表露”的情感、思
维、
以及行动方式。我们的“弱点”——诸如愤怒、恐惧、贪婪、暴食、快乐、淫欲、
爱恋
等情感和动机——或许是一种极为含浑的范畴，但它们至少会享着一个直接的特
性：如
同我们所说的那样，我们受着它们的“控制支配” 。因而，它们赋予我们以某种压
抑感。
不幸的是，在所有这些弱点中，某些弱点——其中对不断增加的安全感的需要
——
目前处于失调状态。然则，透过文化功节的层迭覆盖，它们同样也被说成是带
有生物演化的趋向，因此对我们来说如同我们的阑尾那样与生俱有，自然正常。我们需
要彻底理
解它们适应性的起源，方能弄懂它们现在何等不利地在误导我们。这样一来，
我们或许
可以开始抵制它们的压力。

Q1：Detail 是可控的，Constrains 是不可控的。问题问的是human  morphology
（人类形态学）的类比哦，D 说的是psychological  profile （心理因素），而不是
physical profile ~ 生活在高山地区的人肺活量比平常人大，是人类物理上的适应
性的变化，是detail 可控的；而所有人都不会飞（without special apparatus）则
是constrain ，任何人都无法逾越的。

Q2："Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to be biological in
direction, and therefore as natural to us as are our appendixes."
这句话说这些不适应性在各种东西的作用下，和阑尾一样，是生物进化的正常
现象。
而ABCD选项都表现出（在某个方面）不正常，与文章相反，排除法选E

小硕鼠UID: 3411565

linger0527 发表于 2013-8-19 22:40
某些当代人类学家坚持认为，生物进化不仅仅塑造了人类形体，而且亦塑造了
人类
行为。这些人类学家所归诸 ...

其实我还是没明白说的是啥……

SoohooBaiUID: 3443645

小硕鼠 发表于 2013-8-20 09:55
其实我还是没明白说的是啥……

我看了两边勉强能看懂，不过没指望考试能看懂。理工科的表示此类文章从来没指望看懂，唧唧歪歪啊。。。唉

alexl39UID: 2940293

大致是讲生物进化影响了人类行为。这种影响不是说进化控制人类行为的每个具体细节，而是对人类行为施加各种约束：我们的行为要受到我们的情感和动机（这也是我们人类脆弱的地方）的约束 。不幸的是，这些现在来看对我们人类是不利的。然而，从生物学上来看这些却是很顺理成章的发展。

小硕鼠UID: 3411565

SoohooBai 发表于 2013-8-20 18:10
我看了两边勉强能看懂，不过没指望考试能看懂。理工科的表示此类文章从来没指望看懂，唧唧歪歪啊。。。唉

其实我更关心怎么选出来的答案，不过读不懂就别提选答案了……

小硕鼠UID: 3411565

alexl39 发表于 2013-8-20 18:30
大致是讲生物进化影响了人类行为。这种影响不是说进化控制人类行为的每个具体细节，而是对人类行为施加各种 ...

其实- - 还是不知道题目该怎么做……
不好意思= =

alexl39UID: 2940293

小硕鼠 发表于 2013-8-20 18:39
其实- - 还是不知道题目该怎么做……
不好意思= =

放弃吧。二楼的翻译和解释已经很到位了，这个程度还是不能理解的话也没有办法了。

小硕鼠UID: 3411565

alexl39 发表于 2013-8-20 18:51
放弃吧。二楼的翻译和解释已经很到位了，这个程度还是不能理解的话也没有办法了。

sigh= = 第二问看懂了，琢磨一下第一问，谢过