单独题目：130

galaxysongUID: 152834

我从《GRE AWA MODEL ESSAYS》中找到了一篇“How children are socialized...”的范文，文笔很好（的确是“笔”。可以看出原先是笔写的，后来扫描为电子文档），值得学习。不知I-Sunshine看过的是不是这篇。
从此文反推，我认为所谓对children的socialize有几个特征：

1. 通过与同龄人而非（家庭的）长辈之间的互动（in other words,打交道）来起作用。
证据：“I concede that unless a child is allowed sufficient opportunities for healthy interaction with peers, ...”“Martin Luther King's contribution was primarily the result of his strong religious upbringing, which had more to do with parental influence than with socialization.”

2. 内容包括（而且可能只是包括）成年人在社会中所要面对的人际关系。
证据：“..., where children learn to negotiate, cooperate, and assert themselves in a respectful manner, and where they learn about the harmful results of bullying and other anti-social behavior.”

进一步的分析则需要猜测。
1. 从范文（主要是前两个body）看，socialize相对于儿童自身先天的和由家庭培养的才能、性格，是让儿童学会正确处理人际关系，从而成长为一个能在社会中充分发挥积极作用的公民。
2. 从话题本身来看，其前一句话说“How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society”，把children的socialize的好坏，提到了决定社会前途的高度。我揣摩，该speaker的想法相当于：人的第一属性是社会属性，人必须在社会中生存、在社会中做出贡献并实现价值，所以现在的人与人之间的关系好坏决定了当今社会的运转状况；而儿童对人际关系的领会、即socialize的程度，则自然决定未来社会的运转状况。
综上，我以为，对这一话题最好能先考虑清楚：
1. socialize有什么意义、怎样起作用？人际关系对社会的状况和发展究竟扮演什么角色？除此之外还有什么因素（如对自然科学的好奇心）对社会有重大贡献？
2. children的范畴（年龄等方面）是什么？socialize对他们有何不利影响（会与什么儿童其它有价值的特性相冲突，如坦诚、独立思考）？
3. 批驳要点是什么？（我觉得该assertion很难赞同，尤其是后一句——社会毕竟总在进步着。）dual claim不能平均用力，而应主攻一条，并紧紧抓住两三点。

下面附范文全文：

Issue 52
"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."

I find the speaker's dual claim to be specious on both counts. The claim that society's destiny hinges on how children are socialized, while appealing in some respects, is an over-statement at best. And the claim that we have not yet learned how to raise children who can better society is poorly supported by empirical evidence.

Consider first the speaker's assertion that society's destiny depends on how children are socialized. I concede that unless a child is allowed sufficient opportunities for healthy interaction with peers, that child is likely to grow into an ineffectual, perhaps even an anti-social, adult. To witness healthy socialization in action, one need look no further than the school playground, where children learn to negotiate, cooperate, and assert themselves in a respectful manner, and where they learn about the harmful results of bullying and other anti-social behavior. These lessons help children grow up to be good citizens and effective leaders, as well as tolerant and respectful members of society.

However, socialization is only one factor influencing the extent to which an individual will ultimately contribute to a better society. And in my observation it is not the most important one. Consider certain prominent leaders who have contributed profoundly to a better society. Mahatma Gandhi's contributions sprang primarily from the courage of his inner convictions, in spite of his proper socialization among genteel Indian society and, as a law student, among British society. Martin Luther King's contribution was primarily the result of his strong religious upbringing, which had more to do with parental influence than with socialization. An even more remarkable modern example was Theodore Roosevelt, whose social and physical development were both stunted by life-threatening physical infirmities during his childhood. In spite of his isolation, odd manner and aloofness throughout his early life, Roosevelt ascended to a social-activist presidency by means of his will to overcome physical infirmities, his voracious appetite for knowledge, and his raw intellect.

Consider next the speaker's claim that we have not yet learned how to raise children who can better society. If we define a "better" society as one characterized by greater tolerance of differing viewpoints and people who are different from ourselves, greater respect for individual rights, and greater cooperation across cultural and national boundaries, then the children of the most recent half-century are creating a better society. The most recent quarter-century has seen an increasing sensitivity in our society toward ensuring public health by policing the food and drug industries and by protecting our natural environment. We're becoming more sensitive to, and respectful of, the rights of women, various ethnic and racial groups, homosexuals, and mentally- and physically-challenged individuals. The re-emergence of political third parties with decidedly libertarian ideals demonstrates an increasing concern for individual freedoms. And there is ample evidence of increasing international cooperation. The former Soviet Union and the U.S. have worked collaboratively in space research and exploration since the 1970s; peace-keeping missions are now largely multi-national efforts; and nations are now tackling public health problems collaboratively through joint research programs. In short, the speaker's second claim flies in the face of the empirical evidence, as I see it.

[这一段有生搬硬套之嫌。洋洋洒洒的种种社会进步和成就，恐怕事先早已练得滚瓜烂熟。论证的理论分析几乎没有，只讲了“是什么”，不能回答“为什么”。]

In sum, when it comes to whether a child grows up to contribute to a better society, the key determinant is not socialization but rather some other factor--such as a seminal childhood event, parental influence, raw intelligence, or personal conviction. And, while reasonable people with differing political and social viewpoints might disagree about what makes for a "better" society, in my observation our society is steadily evolving into a more civilized, respectful, and tolerant one. In the final analysis, then, I fundamentally disagree with both aspects of the speaker's dual claim.

galaxysongUID: 152834

直接就用了《GRE AWA MODEL ESSAYS》中的序号……
是不是该转到“各个ISSUE题目的理解讨论”区里？
又得麻烦版主了。

imongUID: 140258

哈哈哈哈~~

没关系，这道题想当年不知道有多少人写过，题号我早就背下来了，130的说，儿童社会化。

btw，人家的id是l-sunshine，不是I-sunshine（你和木耳都搞错了），我也一并改过来。:)

galaxysongUID: 152834

人和社会的关系，特别是人与人的关系，总要谈一谈吧。只是不要铺开。
你引用的adage有些偏。
body2自然是重点。关键还是批驳什么。
body3很奇怪。
再改改。

另外，为了大家能认清l-sunshine的真名，我建议哪位建个“马甲”，就叫“I-sunshine（我爱阳光，不是小L阳光）”，然后专发逻辑超强但文笔糟透的帖子。

galaxysongUID: 152834

人和社会的关系，特别是人与人的关系，总要谈一谈吧。只是不要铺开。
你引用的adage有些偏。
body2自然是重点。关键还是批驳什么。
body3很奇怪。
再改改。

另外，为了大家能认清l-sunshine的真名，我建议哪位建个“马甲”，就叫“I-sunshine（我爱阳光，不是小L阳光）”，然后专发逻辑超强但文笔糟透的帖子。