雅思小作文精讲--剑桥图表--条图 B4T3

喵呜~UID：3339380

目录贴见：https://bbs.gter.net/thread-1620851-1-1.html


二楼：中文思路
三楼：范文分析
四楼：翻译练习

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第一步：确定X轴和Y轴
条图
X1  无序变量 性别
X2  有序变量 文凭高低
Y   相对变量  各文凭男女各占百分比
特别注意Y轴为相对变量，可以将其看成是一个多个饼图的集合

第二步：分析图形
一般情况下，常需要将图形包含的数据列出来，当然可以考试时可以直接表在图上，如本图可以列出的数据表格如下

	women	men
skilled vocational diploma	10	90
undergraduate diploma	70	30
Bachelor's degree	55	45
Postgraduate diploma	30	70
Master's degree	40	60

很明显，结合图形和数据特征可以将图形分为三类
低学历（skilled vocational diploma）女低于男
中学历 （undergraduate diploma, Bachelor’s degree）女高于男，而且Bachelor’s degree的两者数值基本相等。
高学历 （postgraduate diploma, master’s degree）女低于男

第三步：确定框架
作者的逻辑发展只是按照学历高低来分，低学历（skilled vocational diploma, undergraduate diploma，Bachelor’s degree）和高学历（postgraduat

喵呜~UID：3339380

题目
The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualification in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.
这个题目不同于以往的表述方法，因为作者将一个图表的一个内容拆成两个名词短语来表示，其实也是包含有三个要素：the different levels of post-school qualification, men and women, proportion, 因此如果改写成一句话为 The chart below shows the proportion of men and women in each level of qualification in Australia in 1999.

开头段
The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999.
对题目的改写，果然是变成了一句话，也必定包括的三个要素，这里当然我们还可以改写成将名词短语改写成句子，如此处The chart indicates that how many men and women hold the each post-school qualification in Australia in 1999.

主体一段
We can see immediately that there were substantial differences in the proportion of men and women at different levels.
Substantial differences这基本上是对图形特征的一个固定特征，没有difference还要你谈干什么？

The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women.
就skilled vocational diploma进行说明，就两点进行了说明，第一点，和所有其他学历比起来，性别差异最大；第二点，男女各占比值，男女比值相加为100%，这是指标为相对变量的特征。
90% of those, compared with 10% of women. 此处用compared with作两者比较

By contrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas (70%) and marginally more women reached degree level (55%).
By contrast引出了undergraduate diplomas和bachelor’s degree的两个特征，由于为相对变量，说了女性，男性自然也就知道了，所以没提男性
特别注意diploma和degree的区别，diploma一般以为文凭，是个很广阔的概念，应当相当于我们所说的学历吧，degree就严格多了，指学位，就像我们很多大学规定不过四级考试就有学历没学位一样。

主体二段
At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts (70% and 30% , respectively), and also constituted 60% of Master’s graduates.
指出了postgraduate diploma和Master’s degree的两者情形
此处表示两者的比较句型 A outnumber B, 其中outnumber [vt] 比。。。数量上多
整体和部分的表达： 部分 constitute 整体，整体 be made up of 部分

结尾段
Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education, while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men.
总结一句男女的特征，用while来对照

The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelor’s degree, however.
谈到了the greatest gender difference, 现在谈the smallest gender difference

词汇句型积累
又出现了大量的两者比较，让我们一起看看吧
90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with 0nly 10% of women.
More women held undergraduate diploma (70%).
Marginally more women reached degree level (55%).
Men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterparts (70% and 30%, respectively).
Men also constituted 60% of Master’s graduates.
More men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education.
More women reach undergraduate undergraduate diploma level than men.
不多掌握几个表示比较句型基本上是寸步难行

喵呜~UID：3339380

zhan