Issue157 观察的主观和客观性 （去年的高频考题）

sydUID: 151948

Issue157. "There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."

When making observations, actually, we are judging things by our personal experience. As the speaker claimed, no purely objective observation can be made because of the observers themselves. Consciously or unconsciously, the observers put their personal expectations or desires into the process of observation. Personal activities are entangled with the observation from all the steps that an observation is made. That is why all observations are made subjectively.
In the first place, when one decides to make an observation, he has a motivation, which is related to him. Admittedly there do exist kinds of "public observation”, however, this kind of observations is done by the officers whom are assigned to it as a task, and consequently, they will put their previous experience into the observation. The international observers sent by the UN to Iraq are good examples. Obviously they are sent to Iraq to observe the situation there because they are experienced. What's more, it is the experience they have that makes them qualified for their tasks. Other kinds of observation, however, are made for certain purposes of the observers. For instance, when the football team of my department was taking part in a game, some of my teammates were asked to observe the outstanding forward of my team's next opponent because their task is to defend him in the next match. The above statements indicate that subjective elements are put into the observation from the very beginning.
Secondly, let’s analyze how an observation is made. Again here I will cite the first example used in the previous paragraph. When the observers in Iraq discovered something important, some new mass-destructive weapons, for example, their instincts drove them to analyze the situation from their experience accumulated in other international affairs before and then make the reports by their personal expectations and ideas to offer solutions to problems for the officers in the UN headquarters. They made observations based on their personal experience and this illustrates how their subjectivities are put in the process of the observation.
In addition, as the observations are made subjectively, it is necessary and effective to sum up the observations made by different people to avoid subjectivity. According to practice, many observers are sent and organized in groups, with their regions and other backgrounds varied; and by doing so will benefit the credibility of the observation. This improving method proved from another perspective that observations are made subjectively.
To conclude, no doubt that observation is made subjectively. Both its initiative purpose and its process cannot avoid subjectivity. The observers themselves are the reasons for this attribute of observation.
431 words.55  mins.
Thank you for your delicated help. :D

scannerUID: 140886

在我看来，观察就是完全客观的呀~~
也许人门会带着主观的情绪去考察，但是可能拥有主观色彩的应该是通过观察得来的数据或材料而进行的推理这个过程吧.因此,那个iraq的例子,由于取样的不完整,或者故意的断章取义,从而得带有倾向性的结论,恰好证明了是根据偏好进行推理吧.
个人观点,我想指出的是我并不是在讨论这篇文章的立场,只是觉得这个东西有点哲学味道.归根到底就是到底是唯物还是唯心
另外,你用词还8错哈~~速度也很快,偶45'绝对写不了这么多东西

dawnspeakerUID: 152586

用speaker不太好吧，用arguer或author比较正统。

sydUID: 151948

TO SCANNER：
我认为人们往往是根据自己过往的经验来观察事物的，而且经验也是他们可以用以判断事物的武器。通篇我用IRAQ的观察员例子说明这个：
1，他们的经验是他们作为观察员的QUALIFICATION；
2，他们的经验是他们工作的BASE；
3，正因为他们的OBSERVATION有主观性，所以要综合之。
你认为呢？
TO DOWN“SPEAKER”：
我会采纳你的意见的，谢谢。PS：你的ID 怎么办呢？：）

imongUID: 140258

When making observations, actually, we are judging things by our personal experience. As the speaker claimed, no purely objective observation can be made because of the observers themselves. Consciously or unconsciously, the observers put their personal expectations or desires into the process of observation. Personal activities are entangled with the observation from all the steps that an observation is made. That is why all observations are made subjectively.

In the first place, when one decides to make an observation, he has a motivation, which is related to him.（避免这种散句） Admittedly there do exist kinds of "public observation”,（新句子了啊？） however, this kind of observations is done by the officers whom（？） are assigned to it as a task, and consequently, they will put their previous experience into the observation. The international observers sent by the UN to Iraq are good examples. Obviously they are sent to Iraq to observe the situation there because they are experienced. What's more, it is the experience they have that makes them qualified for their tasks. Other kinds of observation, however, are made for certain purposes of the observers. For instance, when the football team of my department was taking part in a game, some of my teammates were asked to observe the outstanding forward of my team's next opponent because their task is to defend（？） him in the next match. The above statements indicate that subjective elements are put into the observation from the very beginning. 这个分析也还可以，不过我觉得一开始的时候不妨不要用admittedly，干脆就一方面另一方面然后两个一统一，似乎比admittedly更明白。看到最后差不多明白了，但是中间的时候有点搞不懂的说。而且除了observe拜托多换几个词，keep an eye on that niu forward也可以啊。

Secondly, let’s analyze how an observation is made（how about present your thesis here rather than statement of this kind?）. Again here I will cite the first example used in the previous paragraph. When the observers in Iraq discovered something important, some new mass-destructive weapons, for example, their instincts drove them to analyze the situation from their experience accumulated in（？） other international affairs before and then make the reports by their personal expectations and ideas（BY there presonal EXPECTATION？？什么意思） to offer solutions to problems for the officers in the UN headquarters.前后前的用词有点罗嗦 They made observations based on their personal experience and this illustrates how their subjectivities are put in the process of the observation. 这一段恐怕就比较weak了。首先这个process完全是你的叙述，这个叙述并非axiomatic的东西，需要support，而后续关于subjectivity的论调就更弱了

In addition, as the observations are made subjectively（这就开始用as默认了，前面还没给说清楚呢）, it is necessary and effective to sum up the observations made by different people to avoid subjectivity. According to practice, many observers are sent and organized in groups, with their regions and other backgrounds varied; and by doing so will benefit the credibility of the observation. This improving method proved from another perspective that observations are made subjectively. 可以说是完全无关主题，参见我原来转敲的“权威解释beg the question”，写得再好也无助对主题的response

To conclude, no doubt that observation is made subjectively. Both its initiative purpose and its process cannot avoid subjectivity. The observers themselves are the reasons for this attribute of observation.

用词不如上次的好（我似乎有点印象的样子），论证方面通篇下来没把问题给说清楚，这是最大的麻烦。举的例子实际上并不是在support，而是你叙述的表达工具了（或者说是对过程的介绍+在情景中的具体化），实际上没有作为support的东西。通篇援引的IRAQ观察员的例子，是不是个在支持你的论点的例子？我在怀疑这一点。

sydUID: 151948

谢谢你的批评和建议。不过我觉得后面的论述并不是在BEGGING THE QUESTION。最开始我引入IRAQ OBSERVOR的例子是为了说明他们是靠自己的主观经验来完成他们的工作，经验是主观的，我想这是无庸质疑的吧。你说的问题我想是在于没有明显的把经验与主观性用句子联系起来（我在行文的时候自己觉得是不言自明的，可能是时间压力下没有考虑太细吧。。。）的确很难用例子来证明这些观察员是用经验在办事（这个似乎也是不言自明的？想听听你的意见）
另外，我想在“by their personal expectations and ideas”句中我没有说清楚的是这个：by their personal expectations that how the problem could be solved .这样会不会有助于理解。
最后的论证我是想从反面来，正是有了观察的主观性我们才需要综合不同人的意见来避免片面性，这一点我觉得没有太大的逻辑问题啊。请你再进一步告诉我你的意思。谢谢 :p

imongUID: 140258

by their personal expectations and ideas 这个是我没看懂~

最后一段的话，先看原题：There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires." 整个过程都在于“有没有”“是不是”的分析，如果说，认为“有”，“是”，或者“没有”“不是”，然后例如摆论据，分情况，或者是找原因，等等，都okay. 至于如何“避免”......和原题有关系吗？

个人看法。