issue207, 谢谢大家。

coolwitsUID: 149150

207"Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."
宗教仪式和典礼有助于定义一个文化。如果没有这些，社会或者团体就会逐渐地迷失自我。
1. 实际上宗教仪式和典礼反映了某种文化的精髓.
2. 仪式和典礼直接提醒了人的社会身份
3. 仪式和典礼通过强调社会责任, 间接提醒了人的社会身份
    According to the speaker, Rituals and ceremonies play an important role in the definition of certain culture and both the society and the individual will get lost without these indispensable things. Admittedly, there are various factors that determine the definition of culture, however, in my opinion, I fundamentally agree to the speaker's assertion.

    To begin with, rituals and ceremonies themselves reveal some essences of the culture and on the other hand help the culture impress people better. As ritual and ceremonies are established in the development of culture, they can to some agree reflect some elements of the culture. What's more, in the rituals and ceremonies, people involved necessarily contact things that keep emphasizing the cultural disciplines for him; consequently rituals and ceremonies manage to bring to people a deeper impression of the culture. For example, Spring Festival is the most important holiday in the opinion of Chinese. From the old ages It is established that in this holiday, every member of family, no matter how far away he stays from his hometown, should come back to spend several days with his family. In fact, this ritual reveals one essence of the Chinese conventional culture: family concept. What's more, people can equip themselves with a better understanding of the family concept by enjoying their Spring Festival.

   What's more, rituals and ceremonies can directly remind people of their identity in society. Every individual has his identity in society, such as a father, a teacher or a Moslem, etc. It is through identity that people define themselves and find who they are. As people will necessarily play a certain role in rituals and ceremonies, their will be reminded of their identity at the same time. For example, Mecca, a city regarded as holy place by the Islam, receives the pilgrimage of Moslems all over the world every year. In Moslems' opinion, their spirits can be tested in the tough pilgrimage and it is a great honor for them to reach there successfully. In this period of rituals, pilgrimage is the leading thing of their life while their identity of Moslem is reminded again and again.

  In addition, on many occasions, rituals and ceremonies can emphasize people's social responsibility which is the crucial part of the sense of identity. Via emphasizing people's social responsibility, rituals and ceremonies tell people who they are indirectly. Form the weeding oath that is to emphasize loyalty to one's spouse, to the adult ceremony whose aim is to announce the start of the individual’s new era of life in which he have to be responsible for what he do, and to the witness's swear in which he ensure that he tell the truth while deposing in court, there exist too many examples to illustrate this function of rituals and ceremonies. Feeling the social responsibility on their shoulders, people can easily find out who they are.

   In sum, Rituals and ceremonies do a good job in helping define both the culture and ourselves. We can possibly fail to maintain the culture as well as ourselves if we ignore these rituals and ceremonies; these rituals and ceremonies should be reserved no matter how the society develops.

caleUID: 150437

According to the speaker, Rituals and ceremonies play an important role in the definition of certain culture and both the society and the individual will get lost without these indispensable things. Admittedly, there are various factors that determine the definition of culture, however, in my opinion, I fundamentally agree to the speaker's assertion.

To begin with, rituals and ceremonies themselves reveal some essences of the culture and on the other hand help the culture impress people better. As ritual and ceremonies are established in the development of culture, they can to some agree(degree)reflect some elements of the culture. What's more, in the rituals and ceremonies, people involved necessarily contact things that keep emphasizing the cultural disciplines for him; consequently rituals and ceremonies manage to bring to people a deeper impression of the culture. For example, Spring Festival is the most important holiday(用feast会不会更好？) in the opinion of Chinese（in Chinese traditions）. From the old ages It is established that in this holiday, every member of family, no matter how far away he stays from his hometown, should come back to spend several days with his family. In fact, this ritual reveals one essence of the Chinese conventional culture: family concept. What's more, people can equip themselves with a better understanding of the family concept by enjoying their Spring Festival.

What's more, rituals and ceremonies can directly remind people of their identity in society. Every individual has his identity in society, such as a father, a teacher or a Moslem, etc. It is through identity that people define themselves and find who they are. As people will necessarily play a certain role in rituals and ceremonies, their will be reminded of their identity at the same time. For example, Mecca, a city regarded as holy place by the Islam, receives the pilgrimage(pilgrim) of Moslems all over the world every year. In Moslems' opinion, their spirits can be tested in the tough pilgrimage and it is a great honor for them to reach there successfully. In this period of rituals, pilgrimage is the leading thing of their life while their identity of Moslem is reminded again and again. (前面这句话有个时间状语in the period of rituals, 后面又说the leading thing of their life, 是不是有点矛盾呀？这句话你要表达的是个什么意思？我对你的例子很感兴趣，希望能和你在底下讨论一下)

In addition, on many occasions, rituals and ceremonies can emphasize people's social responsibility which is the(a) crucial part of the sense of identity. Via emphasizing people's social responsibility, rituals and ceremonies tell people who they are indirectly. Form the weeding(wedding) oath that is to emphasize loyalty to one's spouse, to the adult ceremony whose aim is to announce the start of the individual’s new era of life in which he have to be responsible for what he do, and to the witness's swear in which he ensure that he tell the truth while deposing in court, there exist too many examples to illustrate this function of rituals and ceremonies. Feeling the social responsibility on their shoulders, people can easily find out who they are.

In sum, Rituals and ceremonies do a good job in helping define both the culture and ourselves. We can（will） possibly fail to maintain the culture as well as ourselves if we ignore these rituals and ceremonies; these rituals and ceremonies should be reserved no matter how the society develops.

这个issue我不太会写，所以也不能给你在思路上提什么意见，倒是看了你的什么文章和得到了不少启发，我苗黑了的词或句子都是我感觉别扭可由说不出为什么来的，呵呵，不好意思，自己在好好斟酌一下，等一下我好好想想，有什么新的想法就发到这个帖子上。

GGumpUID: 119501

"Rituals and ceremonies play an important role in the definition ..." 还是play important roles? (不清楚了...)
"on the other hand" 要用两个逗号隔开吧...

"....they can to some agree reflect some elements of the culture." 不懂..是to some degree吗? 还是要用两个逗号隔开吧...
"...in the rituals and ceremonies, people involved necessarily contact things that keep emphasizing the cultural disciplines for him." involved, necessarily 感觉好奇怪...是involved in the rituals and ceremonies吗? ....这句话读起来好奇怪.....consequently 后面也要逗号吧..
"every member of family" family前要不要加the?  (好想我有点挑骨头了....抱歉)
另外,前面用了what's more..后面就不要再用了...譬如,furthermore...moreover..之类的.

又是一个what's more.....hehe.
"It is through identity that ..." 有这样的说法吗? 感觉奇怪...为什么不直接说people define themselves and find (out?)who they are through identities.(是identity 还是identities??) 不清楚了...

"...rituals and ceremonies can emphasize people's social responsibility which is the crucial part of the sense of identity" which 改成that 吗....还是变成非限制性定于丛句...?
"...to the adult ceremony whose aim is to announce the start of the individual’s new era of life in which he have to be responsible for what he do..." in which前要有逗号, he has to ....for what he does...后面还有个in which 前也要有逗号的.
而且关于wedding oath那一段..那一句话太长了...是否断句标点有点问题...
(我好像是挑了...呵呵)

个人感觉.

coolwitsUID: 149150

首先谢谢楼上两位.
to cale:
1.In this period of rituals, pilgrimage is the leading thing of their life while their identity of Moslem is reminded again and again.
这句话我是想说: 在这段时期, 朝圣是他们生活的主旋律, 他们所做的,所想的,都是为了朝圣.
与此同时, 他们作为穆斯林的身份一遍一遍被强调.
怪我没表达好, 试修改:
In this period of rituals,  pilgrimage climes up to the leading activity of their lives while what they think, what they say, and what they do are for the purpose  of pilgrimage. Consequently, their identity of Moslem is reminded again and again.

to GGump:
1. 应该是an important role 吧.
2. 也许我该把to some degree 放到最后  
3.What's more, in the rituals and ceremonies, people involved necessarily contact things that keep emphasizing the cultural disciplines for him 的确很不通, 不过neccessarily应该没什么问题,就是必然的意思, 我改一下: What's more, , people involved in the rituals and ceremonies will necessarily contact things that keep emphasizing the cultural disciplines for him >....
4. what's more 的确重复
5.It is through identity that ..."  这是强调句亚, identity应该没什么问题
6."...rituals and ceremonies can emphasize people's social responsibility which is the crucial part of the sense of identity" which 改成that 吗....还是变成非限制性定于丛句...?
接受,改成that
7.Form the weeding(wedding) oath that is to emphasize loyalty to one's spouse, to the adult ceremony whose aim is to announce the start of the individual’s new era of life in which he have to be responsible for what he do, and to the witness's swear in which he ensure that he tell the truth while deposing in court, there exist too many examples to illustrate this function of rituals and ceremonies.

"in which"不能用于限定性定语从句吗?请指教

GGump, 你肯花这么多时间看我的文章, 我感激还来不及呢,:D

GGumpUID: 119501

....竟然忘了强调句了.....呵呵....真糟糕!
好像没见过in which用在限制性定语从句的....(不过不敢确定...唉...很可能又错了)
呵呵