TPO10 听力31

HardyNiborUID：3461489

问题是下面哪个是叫兽对于某个解释的看法。无法证明或证伪。缺乏证据。不全面。跟叫兽的研究相抵触。
为啥选第二个？原文如下：

Professor
OK. If I ask about the earliest thing you can remember, I will bet for most of you, your earliest memory would be about from age of 3, right? Well, that’s true for most adults. We cannot remember anything that happened before age of 3. And this phenomenon is so widespread and well-documented it has a name. It is called child amnesia and it was first documented in 1893.


As I said, this phenomenon refers to the adults not being able to remember the childhood incidents.  It’s not children trying to remember events from last month or last years. Of course you follow that if you can’t remember incidents as your child, you probably won’t remember as an adult. OK, so … why is this? What is the reason from the child amnesia? Well, once a popular explanation was that child memories are always repressed and memories are disturbing so that is adults we keep them in barricade. And so we can recall them and this is base on…well it’s not base on, on, on… the kind of self-research in the lab testing we want to talk about today. So let’s put that explanation aside and concentrate on just two. OK? It could be that as children we do form memories of things prior to age of 3, but forget as we get grew older, let’s one explanation. Another possibility is that children younger than 3 lack some cognitive capacity for memory. And that idea, that children are unable to form memories that have been the dominant belief psychology for the past 100 years. And this idea is very much tied to things, the theory of Jean Piaget and also to language development in children.


So PRJ’s theory of cognitive development--- PRJ’s suggested that because they don’t have language, children younger than 18-24 months leave in the here and now that is they lack the mean to symbolic represent object, and events, that will not physically presented. Everybody get that? PRJ proposed that young children don’t have way to represent things that aren’t wide in front of them. That’s what language does, right? Words represent things, ideas. Once language started to develop for about age 2, they do has a system for symbolic representation and can talk about things which are not in there in immediate environment including the past.  Of  course he didn’t claim that infants  don’t  have  any  sort  of  memory  it  is  acknowledged that  they  can recognize some stimuli, like faces. And for many years this model were very much in favors in psychology, even thought memory tests were never performed on young children.


Well, finally in the 1980s, study was done. And this study show that very young children under age of 2 do have capacity for recall. Now if we children cannot talk, how was the recall tested?  Well, that is a good question, since the capacity for recall has always been linked with the ability to talk. So the researcher set up an experiment using imitation based texts. The adults use probable toys or other objects to demonstrate action that has 2 steps. The children were asked to imitate the steps immediately and then he again after lays off one or month. And even after delay, the children could…couldn’t call or replicate the action, the objects they used, and the steps involved and the order of the steps. Even children young is 9 months, now, test showed that there was a faster way of forgetting among the youngest children but most importantly it shows that the development of the recall did not depend on language development. And that was the importance finding. I guess I should add that the findings, don’t say there was no connection between the development of language and memory. There are some of evidence that are being able to talk about the event does lead to having a strong memory of that event. But that does not seem the real issue here.


So, back to our question about the cause of the childhood amnesia, well, there is something called the rate of forgetting. And childhood amnesia may reflect high rate of forgetting, in other words, children under age of 3 do form memory and do so without language. But they forget the memories at a fast rate, probably faster than adults do. Researcher has set standards….sort of unexpected rate of forgetting, but that expected rate was set based on the tests done on the adults. So what is the rate of forgetting for children under the age of 3? We expected to be high, but the tests disproved these really haven’t been done yet.

canie.duUID：3453356

pro提第一种解释的时候，就是压抑那种：
And so we can recall them and this is base on…well it’s not base on, on, on… the kind of self-research in the lab testing we want to talk about today.

lab testing神马的，PRO觉得缺乏更适当实际的证据吧~后面就开始讲皮亚杰的那cgntive devpment了。

后面讲皮亚杰的时候：
And for many years this model were very much in favors in psychology, even thought memory tests were never performed on young children.说完就立刻说finally, study is done~ 态度就很明显了

选项C可以直接排除掉，types of。。。就没有提那个儿童健忘症有哪里type（orz，然后我看到以前我选的还就是这个）
选项A的话，后面段就有证据和实验来证明对不对了。
D的话，听力文章里其实没有提教授自己的研究。

HardyNiborUID：3461489

canie.du 发表于 2013-11-5 12:59
pro提第一种解释的时候，就是压抑那种：
And so we can recall them and this is base on…well it’s not ...

很合理的解释。不过这种题要是真考也就不指望什么了。

PS，你觉得Jean Piaget和后面的PRJ是一个人么？33或34题答案相关

canie.duUID：3453356

HardyNibor 发表于 2013-11-5 13:17
很合理的解释。不过这种题要是真考也就不指望什么了。

PS，你觉得Jean Piaget和后面的PRJ是一个人么？ ...

嗯 是同一个人 应该只是写script的人偷懒的略写吧
然后直接看theory的话 都是讲cogntv depmet~
ORZ 其实我有学过教育心理学的课 我们都必考皮亚杰的 所以我对这个还算熟
不过换个不熟的学科就不知道了。。。OTZ。。话说TPO阅读里也出过儿童健忘症这个考点。

HardyNiborUID：3461489

canie.du 发表于 2013-11-5 13:21
嗯 是同一个人 应该只是写script的人偷懒的略写吧
然后直接看theory的话 都是讲cogntv depmet~
ORZ 其 ...

阿拉个去，还真敢考这种黑话