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发表于 2004-3-18 10:57:55
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Please read this
This is question 31 of the 2003 NMET.
In the examination room, one might reason as follows:
Alternatives (b) and (c) can be dismissed out of hand. The meanings of alternatives (a) and (d) can be expressed thus:
break down – to collapse without achieving the desired objective (a perfectly standard English expression).
break up – to disperse, to go into recess (for a time or even an undetermined period) (another perfectly standard modern English expression).
Inserting them into the target sentence, we are then faced with:
a. …. peace talks have broken down with no agreement reached.
d. …. peace talks have broken up with no agreement reached.
Hence, we are faced with two possibilities - and we are aware that the examiners insist on the choice of the best of the four possibilities within the target sentence. Second best is hardly sufficient in such circumstances since the National Examination is very much a case of “to Bei Da or not to Bei Da”.
In (a), we are faced with the clear-enough statement that the peace talks had broken down but with the quite redundant information, “with no agreement reached”. Of course agreement has not been reached. That is stated in the verb “to break down”. The sentence, “News reports say …”, contains a redundant expression, a tautology, that would be sufficiently obvious to make the sentence a candidate for inclusion in a list of sentences to be corrected in an English-speaking country’s matriculation English examination.
In (d), we have a statement that informs us that talks whose aim is the brokering of a peace agreement have broken up, i.e. gone into recess for a time, and that, at the time of the recess, no agreement had been reached. In this sentence, we are not informed of the reason for the recess – nor do we need to be. The key information is that, at the time of the recess, an agreement had not been reached. Maybe the recess has been caused by disagreement about the terms of a treaty. Equally, the talks may have gone into recess for supper and efforts will be made to broker an agreement after a good meal.
The candidate must now make his/her fatal choice. Only one of the four alternatives will be awarded that final mark necessary to gain that long-dreamed-of place at Bei Da. Which to choose - (a) with its clear meaning of meeting break down but with the ugliness of tautology or (d) a statement with an equally clear but different meaning without the unfortunate tautology of (a)?
Naturally, the alert candidate will choose (d) and will congratulate him/herself on having avoided the examiner’s trick of luring the unsuspecting into the stylistic error of tautology by his inclusion of a phrase whose meaning is already included in the term “to break down”.
The alert candidate would be aware that absolutely no argument could be raised against the correctness of alternative (d) whereas a very strong objection can be raised to the choice of (a). The fact that low-grade or careless journalists might write in such a manner is hardly an argument sufficiently strong to give the choice of (a) a greater claim to the title, “Only correct answer”, than (d).
In retrospect:
One might wonder at the motives of the examiner for including “with no agreement reached” in a sentence in which he desired the choice of (a). Some who have commented on this matter see it as an act of kindness on the part of the examiner in his effort to lead the reasonably alert student into the choice of (a). But why, then, include “to break up” in alternative (d)? If alternative (d) had been “to break through”, it would easily enough have been discarded along with (b) and (c) and exception would not then have been taken to the “correctly” completed sentence, worthy though it may be of a B grade journalist.
The examiner would have done better to reword his sentence by using a “because” construction, as in the example quoted in A Practical English Grammar and Combined Exercises (A. J. Thomson & A. V. Martinet, 1979), “The negotiations broke down because neither side would compromise”. He might have written:
News reports say that, because the delegates refused absolutely to agree on key elements of a proposed peace agreement, peace talks between the two countries ______.
If Question 31 had been worded in this way, alternative (a) would have been the one and only correct choice.
Maybe one might argue that Question 31 contains two “correct” answers. But a question containing two correct answers should hardly make its appearance in the National English Examination. I believe that Question 31 is an unsatisfactory question, which is unfortunate since I also believe that the 2003 National University Entrance English Examination paper is one of the admirable papers that I have seen. With the exception of Question 31, I thought it was a most elegant test instrument. |
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