单独题目：1 2 9

imongUID: 140258

这次的实验就更没把握了，不过我想还是试一试吧，大不了——保底情况也是收集三个题目一大把提纲。:rolleyes::D

1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."

2."Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."

9 "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

跟上次一样，大家把三个题目自己的提纲跟在后面。
特别提醒：不要讨论，只写提纲。（当然啦，容易混淆的地方的话，稍微写详细一点。）

;)

seeseafastUID: 127774

非常支持，这就写

Issue1
1.赞同意见使人愿意进一步研究和思考问题由于对心理赞同作用。
2.但是如果只听赞同意见，而听不进不同意见对learning是有害的。知识面的narrow and bias.
3.听取不同意见有利于全面完整的看问题。
4.正确面对来自不同意见的不利心理因素，训练心理素质。

Issue2
1.竞争有利于激发individuals and communities主观能动。社会由individuals and communities组成，社会的进步依靠individual and communities。
2.竞争有利于合理分配有限的natural and social recourses。
3.无序，无限制的竞争会导致对社会的巨大破坏由于individuals and communities对资源的争夺和相互攻击。需要规范和监督
In sum, 规范监督下的有序竞争对社会是有益的

Issue9
1.专业细化的ideas并不一定导致audiences的减少。人的认识水平也在提高。现在的基本道理在刚提出的时候也是很少audiences。
2. Ideas有好的价值，才可能有好的应用。ideas能不能好的use更多取决于本事的自然社会价值，而不是audiences的多少。
3.有好的应用的ideas会吸引很多的audiences。更有利于widely use。

so猫UID: 148633

单词背烦了 上来晃荡
都是好熟悉的题目啊 呵呵
1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."
POSITION: negative
A; 让步 许多时候 强烈的社会依属感和他人认同感(不晓得专业的术语是怎么讲D)让我们产生一种错觉 只有当大部分人的意见与自己相同时 才认为自己理解的才是正确的 客观的
B: 但是事实上 从历史的发展角度来说 我们所学到的各种知识 大部分都是来源与不同思维之间的对抗和辩论(然后兄弟们 就看你们的例子啦~~~~我觉得这里的例子还是满简单满多D~)
C: 分析分析不同意见在学习作用中的好处: 首先就是免去思维单一化造成的一叶障目 给事实的真理一个出现的机会 其次在真理与谬误的矛盾中 在捍卫自我观点和针砭他人知识谬误的辩论中 寻找自我学习的缺陷 让学习更加深入 最后 是在深入学习的同时发现新的问题


偷懒了 就写一个啦
imong表骂我哦~~~
我最喜欢的写作模式
让步- 提出本人观点(狂举例子)- 分析深入
呵呵~~~

dallowayUID: 156640

中文写的，比较简单，给imong当个活靶子

1
MP：partially agree，二者都必要
1 志同道合：产生共鸣，易于交流；但是看不到自己的缺点，思路狭窄
2 异议：全面客观，一分为二；打击信心，容易气馁
3 二者缺一不可

2
partially agree
1 竞争对于社会有利，准备举市场经济打破垄断的例子
2 过度的、恶意的竞争对于社会有害，两败巨伤，且对社会造成浪费或负面影响
3 竞争固然重要，但还需合作，况且合作在全球化背景下日益广泛。

3
Disagree
1 细化现象存在，但有必要，需要专才
2 影响小，曲高和寡，在所难免，但不意味着没用，理论一般超前应用n久
3 诚然，学者需要走出自己的方寸，交流和合作


to so猫：我等着拜读你的笔考日记呢 ;)

lovebrianUID: 157127

1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."
position:disagree with concession
人们可以同时从意见相同者和不同者身上学到东西，甚至意见不同者让我们学到得更多。
b1 人们可以从意见相同者身上学到很多（持有相同观点，容易交流，沟通；意见相同可以增强信心，利于学习，促进）
b2 人们也可以从意见不同者身上学到东西（为什么不同？什么地方不同？造成不同的原因？自己的观点是否有错误？等等）
b3 让步：否定的观点会带来一些压力和限制，但是这些压力和限制恰恰是进步的动力（带来哪些压力和限制；为什么是进步的动力；如何对人进行正面驱动。。等等）

2."Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."
p:竞争会对社会带来很大的好处，但是要有限度，不然会适得其反
b1 竞争给社会带来的好处（可以分方面来写，比如商业，科学等；也可以从范围来写，比如个体和团队等，比较好写~~例子很多）
b2 恶性竞争的负面性（可以跟b2对应着来写，也不难写）
b3 把竞争控制在一个正确的范围内，是很有好处的（什么样的范围？怎样建设这个范围？可一写立法，政府的指导作用等）

9 "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

题目：
专业化加深——〉受众少——〉little use （感觉好驳斥，举出反例就行了）

b1专业化的确加深了
b2受众并没有减少，甚至增多了
b3即使受众少，专业化的idea作用仍然很大

嘿嘿~~~时间紧张~~就写这么多了

happymichelleUID: 154082

提议不错，支持~
issue1
p:来自disagreement的建议收益更大，learn的也更多
1。admittedly,agree的东西我们比较认同，从主观上更容易吸收接受学习，说白了就诗人的本性爱听好话
2。however,only通过与自己意见相同的人学到得太有限，榜样固然值得学习，但是从敌人那里也同样可以借鉴经验，可以换位思考
3。我们从disagreement中学到的东西更多。A,多角度思考问题,对问题把握更全面B.所谓忠言逆耳，看到自己的不足

issue2
p:任何事物都有两面性，competition也一样，但总归利大于弊
1。competition的好处，消除monopoly,是人们不断完善自己，取得进步的impetus
2。competition初衷虽好，但不可避免带来问题。比如非法的竞争，过度的竞争带来的市场混乱
3。不能因为competition有弊端，就以偏概全的说起不好。问题的出现由于竞争的机制不够完善。而正是由于有了问题，我们才能发现找到并解决。所谓“社会的进步要依靠刁民”

issue9
p:scholar's theory太过profound是事实，但是narrow audience并不影响其useful.当然如果scientists能把abstract的theory 通俗化，让broad public可以理解，会更useful
1.academic discipline发展到今，专业的深化和广化是不可避免的
2.虽然很深奥，不影响其发挥作用。因为publi只要会用就行了，不一定要知其原理
3.当然，scientist若能将其领域的晦涩的theory用popularized手段，是common people可以attainable,无疑缩短了科学和大众的距离，当然很好了

嘻嘻~就当是个反例吧
没有深入想

sniper613UID: 147372

1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."
Syllabus:
1.        人们可以从同自己观点相同的人身上学到很多东东
2.        从意见相反的人身上也可以学到不少东西
3.        现代社会科学知识的膨胀，更需要不同的观点碰撞，从而进步


2."Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."
1．        竞争的好处
2．        但是竞争必须在法律、道德的规范下，不然………………
3．        在当前社会，合作同样重要


9 "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."
1．        当前知识爆炸，使得专家十分重要
2．        但是学科间的相互渗透也促进社会的进步
3．        当前的社会同样需要通才

LiunaUID: 150270

1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."

outline:
position: we can learn much from both people whose views we share and people whose views contradict our own. Proper disagreement or even critique can help learning but harsh one makes people frustrated.
1, We usually learn from views we share. Such as discussion in groups amony workmates.
2, We could get improvement from opposition views as well. Such as moot.
3, Whether views we share or views we reject help on learning largely depends on the attitude of us and the people who render.

2."Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."

outline:
postion: agree, competition benefits as well as is detrimental,  it is naturally burn with the development of the society, it stands for the currence
1, competition benefits us in society and ecnomy and service and technology aspect and so on
2, competition is detrimental, it causes incureasing of unemployment and cheating in ecnomy and hash service and premature techology
3, competition is the result of the improvement of the society

9 "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

outline:
position: disagree, we might not use how wide does a diea reach the audience to decide its usefulness.
1, It is true that academic disciplines have become specialized recently. In acient time, people could be all-rounder ,such as Socrates. But now hardly are there people major on more than two subjects. The doctor working on curing lung cancer only focus on several kinds of cell and virus.
2, Those scholar's ideas which reach wide audience are useful. Such as the techology aiming at improving the yeild of corn or rice or vegetable or other food.
3, Because  scholar's ideas are more speical, they reach narrower audience.However they are essetial and necessary. We do need lung cancer doctors even only 12% of us probably need them. So we can not ignore and regard them as little use.

随便写写 望纠错 多谢

菜丸子UID: 158771

我就写第9个吧。

9 "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

（1）专业学科最终有用和无用的衡量标准是它们是否能运用到实际中去，而不是它们本身深奥与否以及是否能让一般人领会；
（2）既然很多专业知识都将被运用到我们所熟知的日常生活中去，它们还是颇有用处的，尽管有的时候人们根本无法理解专业领域，只知道如何利用那些成果而已；
（3）我们的社会需要一些掌握专门知识技术的专才，来促进社会高科技领域的发展；
（4）让步：有时候专业学科被大众接受能促进该专业的发展和社会的进步。（例如政府的资金援助、人们的参与等）

Position: whereas the academic disciplines don't cater with the mass, it is unessary（有让步的余地） that we must make them  some day be approached with a wider audience.

(1)The ultimately usefulness or uselessness of a knowledge(A表示一种特定的知识)is measured by its applicability to practice, rather than its abstruseness and acceptability.

(2) As most academic disciples will be applied to daily use which is familiar with the mass, the special knowledge is still useful even though sometimes people can't comprehend the academic disciplines absolutely but only know how to make use of the fruits .

(3)We need a group of specialists, who can promote the progress of the high-technical fields in our society.

(4)Admittedly, it is sometimes only the acceptable specialty that can gain a governmental assistance, which provides a promotion with the academy and prompts the progress of the society.

dezhiUID: 156141

我也列一下我的提纲，hoho~~~：
1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."

p：虽然相同意见能使我们学到东西，但从不同的意见中得到的启示更大
1、不同意见确实能引来压力和对深入学习的一定程度上的抑制，不过只要能正确处理它们并从中吸取可取之处，就能取得更大的进步。－批判原题中的假设
2、鼓励提出不同的意见，可以激发人们自由探讨问题的热情，互相启发灵感，最终学到更多的知识。而相同意见往往使人产生自满情绪，结果在学习上停步不前。－结果
3、忽视一致的意见，也会使人们忽略共性而陷入无休止的争论当中，大大挫伤人的自信心。因此应该在重视不同意见的同时，也应重视与自己一致的意见。－让步

2."Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."

P：竞争对社会有利大于有害－部分同意
1、竞争对人们有强烈的激励作用，可以使人们在竞争中不断提高自己以便在竞争中获胜，这在客观上有利于社会的发展。相反，没有竞争，人们就会懒于创新，不思进取，思维僵化。例子：市场经济和计划经济－正面作用1
2、在社会层面上，竞争符合社会发展的规律，能者上，庸者下，从而可以按照优胜劣汰的原则自发的调节人们在社会中的位置，达到一定的和谐。－正面作用2
3、过分竞争会导致互相封锁资源，资源的浪费或者采用非法手段，会使社会受损。因此，在竞争的同时要有监督机制来保证竞争的公平公正，还要注意竞争中的合作，这样才能使社会最终在竞争中获利。－让步

9 "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."

P：不同意
1、学科专业化并不表明懂得它的人就很少，这与学科的性质有关，一些自然科学涉及专深的理论，因此普通人很难理解；而一些社会科学方面的研究，关注的是与人民生活息息相关的社会现象，它的专业化反而会吸引更多的人，比如对人口问题的研究－反驳“专业化会带来更少的观众”
2、不是说是否reach a wider audience 是评价有用无用的标志，而在于他们的ideas对于相关领域的发展，对于社会的进步是否作出了贡献。－判断标准，反驳假设“更多观众意味着更大的作用”
3、从大众角度来说，只要能享受到科技进步带来的好处就行了，没有必要明白一些科学技术的原理，而且想要明白也是不可能的（知识爆炸，人们精力有限）。比如计算机已经给人们带来了巨大的好处，但除专业人士外，人们没有必要了解计算机工作的原理，那些是软件工程师关注的。－进一步反驳

dallowayUID: 156640

dezhi的提纲就是比我的详细，难怪你全文写得这么好

“人们没有必要了解计算机工作的原理，那些是软件工程师关注的”，应该是软硬件工程师;)

maggiekeungUID: 111734

issue2 2."Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."

Let us first look around and then one may easily conclude that the ownership of our own desktop or notebook computers, mobile phones and even automobiles is the beneficiaries of competition. While we cannot deny that the developments in technology contribute to the performances of these products, there are good reasons to believe that the competition of various corporations for a higher market share cuts down on the prices and ultimately benefits the individuals and the society as a whole. Considering these, I strongly agree with the contention that competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society.

However, opponents of competition may argue that the more and more intense competition among different news agencies for the most revealing photographs and the latest information on a subject has compelled reporters to do their utmost to dig up even the privacies apropos of those we call celebrities or heroes. They claim that ultimately this kind of competition will contribute to the death of some heroes. I think, however, it is this very mechanism of competition that sometimes serves as a touchstone and helps our society to eliminate the illusory halos upon and cheating achievements of those who are not real heroes of our society. The genuine heroes will be alive in people's heart and become the paradigms of our society. In this sense, competition is more or less beneficial to our society.

Common sense tells us that the nature of competition, which accords with Darwin's theory of evolution and mechanism of natural selection, is that the loser of a given competition will be ultimately ousted from his previous position and in order to remain invincible and more competitive the winner will continue to make arduous efforts. Actually, it is this nature of competition contributes to the stability and prosperity of every field in our society and the ultimately beneficiaries are our masses. For example, in the area of telecommunication in my country there exists only one corporation, charging prohibitively high fees for dialing a call. But now, when more corporations participated in the competition of this area, people have enjoyed an absolute freedom to choose the services provided by various corporations. Given that the welfare of its people is representative the welfare of a given society, we can anticipate a prosperous future before our society by virtue of competition.

Inevitably, there come some malfeasant competitive practices, such as cheating, shoddy commodities, phony advertisements, and so forth. For that matter, relevant decretive regulations should be legitimated in order to protect the interests of our masses. In this way, those that have conducted malfeasant practices will be expelled from any areas of our society.

In sum, while the mechanism of competition will benefit each individuals and the society as a whole, relevantly efficient laws guarantee each competitor's legal rights. If so, our society will progress smoothly.

dezhiUID: 156141

谢谢dalloway指正！
我写的好像太罗嗦了些

我发现每个人的提纲都有自己的特点！
列举一下
seeseafast：不少单句
so猫：思考深入
dalloway：简洁明了，语文水平高
狒狒：分析全面，多角度提问，思维开阔
happymichelle：中英杂揉严重（不是缺点）
sniper613：简洁明了
Liuna：全英
菜丸子：中英互译，都练到了
dezhi：罗嗦
maggiekeung：没写提纲，晕倒~~~

随便写写，呵呵，不过，非常想学习一下狒狒的思维方式！经常思路打不开的说~~~

fishergirlUID: 152325

我也写一个：）

Issue1:
Position: 不同意。无论意见相同或是相反，我们都可以从中学到东西，有时候从相反者身上学到的更多。
1．意见相同会使人懒于思考，产生自己已经知道很多的错觉。这在无形中阻碍了我们的学习。
2．意见相悖会使人产生说服对方或是证明自己的欲望，在相互的辩论中，大家都得到学习，同时不断统一认识。
3．意见相左的确会使人产生一定的压力，但是这也是一种动力，促进人们主动的吸取知识。
Conclusion: 人们应该善于从与己相悖的观点中学习。

Issue2:
Position: 同意。
1．没有竞争就没有人类的进步。经济领域的竞争，导致资源的优化组合，优胜劣汰。生物圈的竞争，导致物种进化，适者生存。学术界的竞争，产生新的理论，新的思想，和原由知识的更新，完善。
2．良性的竞争是有益的，没有原则的竞争则会导致秩序的紊乱，失去竞争的积极意义。比如，资源封锁，同行相倾，不择手段等等。
3．竞争是一种手段，不是目标，只有正确认识到这一点，才能最大限度的发挥其积极意义，避免产生消极影响。同时，竞争与合作都是有效的手段，我们不可偏废。
Conclusion: 竞争本身作为一种推动社会进步的手段是好的，关键在于使用这一手段的人有时候不能把握好度和原则。为了最大限度的发挥其积极作用，我们应该规范竞争秩序。

Issue9: 不同意。
1．学术思想是否有用，不取决于听众的多少，而在于它对于整个学科、整个社会的作用有多大。比如物理、化学、生物等基础学科，除了该领域的专业人员，一般人无法深入了解，但是这些学科在该专业科学家们的努力下不断进步，为整个科学界的进步和社会的进步作出了巨大贡献。
2．学科细化导致学科的分支细了，多了，看似听众少了，实则学科交叉的程度高了。其结果是：一个细小分支通过交叉，渗透到很多领域，尽管表面上看他的作用范围局限了，但实际上他的作用面更广了。
3．对于大部分人和大部分学科，人们只要享受科学进步的成果就好，没有必要也不可能掌握各个细致、艰深的学科。但个别领域还是应该做些普及工作，例如医学保健知识。
Conclusion: 学科细化是科学和社会文明进步的表现，普及面的缩小不会影响其作用范围，并且会使科学更好的发展，对社会发挥更大的作用。

lovebrianUID: 157127

最初由 dezhi 发布
[B]随便写写，呵呵，不过，非常想学习一下狒狒的思维方式！经常思路打不开的说~~~[/B]

我就是看了那个经典的paisley签名里的破题的链接阿~~然后思路就开阔了~~~~~~

就是这个 https://bbs.gter.net/showthre ... =%BD%CC%C2%DF%BC%AD