综合写作路过求狠拍

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综合写作考前突击，目标至少练完TPO1-10，大概沿用差不多的结构，为免一次性练掉入误区，边练边贴上来，语法结构细节偏重各类问题，有路过的童鞋求拍

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TPO1
Both the author and the speaker focus on the potential effects of offering employees the option of working a four-day workweek for eighty percent of the original salaries. The writer claims that companies, the country and employees who choose four-day workweek will all benefit a lot from this reform. The professor in the lecture, however, strongly refutes all his arguments.

While the writer states that company profits would be increased because the shorten workweek makes workers more efficient and reduces company costs with paying less salaries, the lecturer argues that instead company profits might be decreased. He further explained that companies have to spend more for training programs, medical benefits, and office equipment of new employees like working spaces and computers.

The second benefit mentioned in the reading that the shorten workweek would reduce the unemployment rates of the country is also discredited by professor. He points out that the situation in the passage that current employees' workload would shift to others and thus companies would hire more employees might not happen. Companies may prefer to encourage current employees to work as long as the old time with the consideration of costs. As a result, the reform would make the working environment now unpleasant.

Finally, the author asserts that the reduction in work time will enable employees to enjoy family lives, relax, develop habits, and thus improve their quality of lives. The speaker, however, rebuts that those employees who choose to work four days a week would bear the risk of losing their jobs and jeopardizing their chances of promotion.

In summary, the lecturer and the writer hold different ideas on proposal of shorten work time.

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TPO2
Both the reading and the lecture talk about whether group work is a good way to do projects. The author claims that group work has many advantages over individual work. The professor, however, is strongly against the argument mentioned in the passage with the evidence from a company' six-month experiment on group work.

While the author argues that a group of people can work more efficiently and finish more quickly with wider knowledge, expertise and skills and resources, the result of the experiment mentioned in the lecture shows that with divergent ideas, group members wasted a lot of time making decisions. The experiment reveals less efficiency and worse group work result.

In the reading, the writer argues that every member in the group can be recognized. In contrast, the professor argues that since group work will just be recognized as the efforts of all group members, there are many free-riders and members who work really hard don't get proper recognition in the real experiment.

Finally, the author's argument, group work would result in creative solutions, is disproved by the speaker. From the result of experiment, the group decision will controlled by several influential members. Those influential members may easily drop good ideas and guide the team to wrong direction.

In summary, the evidence from experiment in the lecture contradict with the argument in the reading.

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TPO3
Both writer and speaker discuss about whether the painting about a woman's face should be attributed to Rembrandt. The writer claims should be removed from the catalog of Rembrandt's paintings by offering evidences from fur collar, light and shadow and wood panels. The lecturer, however, strongly disagree with the conclusion in the reading with the latest research result that the original painting was intentionally changed by others.

While writer indicates that the fur collar worn by the woman is a luxurious one which could not be consistent with the clothing of Rembrandt's subjects, the professor disproved that actually the luxurious fur collar was painted over the original one, which is simple, after one hundred years.

Second evidence to support the writer's argument is also undermined by the argument in the lecture that this painting was changed. If the new fur collar was removed, original one with light color would appear. Thus the light and shadow of the whole painting will be consistent with Rembrandt's style.

Finally, the author uses the fact that the painting was made on a panel glued together to support his argument. The speaker, however, argues that someone extended the panel and the original painting panel uses the same wood used by Rembrandt for his self-portrait painting.

In summary, the lecture and the reading contradicts with each other in the conclusion.

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TPO4
Both the writer and the lecturer discuss about whether dinosaurs should be considered as endotherms. The author uses evidences from polar dinosaurs, leg position and movement, and Haversian canals to support his argument that dinosaurs are endotherms. The speaker, however, strongly refutes his assertion.

While the writer believes that the discovery of dinosaur fossils in Polar Regions (大写) proves dinosaurs can maintain a temperature in cold climates, the speaker indicates that the climate of polar regions at that time would be much warmer than now. She adds that dinosaurs may have behavior of migration like birds, moving from cold places to warm places when the temperature changes.

Another reason given in the reading that dinosaurs' legs are positioned underneath its body to enable dinosaurs run efficiently is also questioned by the lecturer. She further explains that legs underneath the body could support more weight. That's might be the reason of the leg position of dinosaurs. Thus, leg position is not a solid evidence for sustained physical activity which is the physiology of endotherms.

Finally, the author mentions that dinosaurs have Haversian canals, bone the structure included by endotherms usually. But the lecturer pointed out that the writer might ignore the fact that dinosaurs also have growth rings. Dinosaurs may stop growing sometimes and may grow slowly during the cold period, while endotherms grow rapidly even in cold period.

In summary, the passage and the lecture contradict with each other on whether Dinosaurs are endotherms.

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TPO5
Both the lecture and the passage talk about the primary function of Chaco structures. The writer offers three possibilities, living, food storage, and ceremonial centers. The speaker, however, debates that all three theories mentioned in the reading are unconvincing.

First, the lecturer indicated that the number of fire places inside is too small to support that Chaco structures are used to house hundreds of people. Even though it is true that Chaco structure look similar with American native houses as mentioned in the reading from outside, the fire places, which could only support around ten families, discredits the usage for living.

Second, the storage theory given in the passage is undermined by fact given in the lecture that there are not traces of grain maize in Chaco structures. Instead, there are spilled grain maize on the floor and big remainders. If Chaco structures are used to store food, it is impossible.

Third, the ceremonial centers theory in the reading is derived from existence of plenty of revealed deposits like broken pots in Pueblo Alto. While the writer believes people gathered Pueblo Alto to celebrate, the speaker reminds that there are also other possible explanations. For example, the deposits found might be sands, stones, construction steels left by builder. The pots might be used by workers for meals and remained them as trash.

In summary, the speaker challenges the argument of the writer by providing sufficient evidences and valid guesses.

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TPO 6
Both the writer and the lecturer talk about the communal online encyclopedias. The writer mainly reveals the disadvantages of the online encyclopedias, lacking academic credentials, hacking and including inappropriate topics. The speaker, however, strongly refutes his assertion.

While the author claims that online encyclopedia are inaccurate, the lecturer indicates that there are more mistakes in traditional versions. In fact, the speaker argues that since it is easier for online encyclopedia to revise, it's hard to find mistakes in online versions. It is almost impossible, however, to find traditional encyclopedia without any mistake. In addition, traditional encyclopedia versions' mistakes would be remained for decades.

Second reason given in the reading about hacking, online encyclopedias are bearing the risk that they may be changed by unscrupulous users, vandals or hackers, is also refuted by the speaker. The speaker points out that online encyclopedia has many efficient strategies to overcome hacking problems. For example, they use special format to make critical factors unchangeable and hire editors to monitor and limit changing of the content.

Finally, the author mentioned that the communal online encyclopedias could not provide a considered view of what topics are important and what are not like traditional versions. The speaker, however, disproves that actually the topics included in traditional encyclopedia are influenced by the authors' interest and the limited space, which are not the problem of online versions. Online encyclopedias don't need to worry about the spaces, and the topics in online versions represent the diverse interest of numerous editors.

In summary, the speaker challenged the writer's argument by providing advantages of online encyclopedias.

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TPO7
Both the writer and the lecture talks about whether it is necessary for American wood companies to receive ecocertification. The author holds the opinion that American wood companies will not do efforts to get ecocertification by giving three reasons, American consumers don't care about the labels in advertising, high price of ecocertified wood will not attract consumers, and American companies don't care about foreign markets. The speaker, however, strongly refutes the assertions.

First, the speaker reveals that American customers distinguish different labels. Ecocertification from Independent organization with international reputation will convince ecologically minded customers.

Second, while the writer argues that customers are price sensitive, the speaker disproves that only huge price difference will affect customers' purchase decisions. If the price of ecocertificated wood is only five percent higher than that of traditional one, American customers who have the sense of environmental protection will buy ecocertificated ones.

Finally, the author asserts that American wood companies sell most of their products to domestic markets. With no worry about foreign market, they will not pay more to get the ecocertification. The speaker, however, believes that those companies will definitely try to get ecocertification because they are afraid of potential competition from foreign wood companies. With stronger ecological sense, American customers will have the demand for ecocertificated wood. Thus, American companies should prepare to prevent foreign companies entering American market.

In summary, the speaker contradict the argument of the author by providing efficient evidences about the necessary of American wood companies to get ecocertification.

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TPO8
Both the writer and the lecturer talk about the reliability of Chevalier's memoir. In the reading, the author provides three example stories to reveal that Chevalier's memoir is not reliable. The speaker, however, strongly refutes his argument.

While the writer questions Chevalier's wealth in Switzerland by that a great deal of money he borrowed from a merchant, the professor believes the existence of loan does not mean Chevalier is poor. She further explains that it takes time for Chevalier to convert assets to money. Before his own cash arrived, he had to borrow money and wait.

Second, the author suspect the reliability of the conversations between Chevalier and Voltaire, which is mentioned in the memoir, by arguing that it is impossible to clearly remember details about the conversation many years earlier. The speaker, nevertheless, indicated that Chevalier is inclined to take notes each night after conversation and thus he could just revert notes many years earlier to the memoir. His habit of noting is also confirmed by his old age life.


Finally, the writer don't believe Chevalier's experience of escaping from Venice prison by arguing that Chevalier's notorious friends might offer a bribe to help him leave. But the lecturer reminds that there are many other successful escaping cases in Venice prison. So it is quite possible Chevalier escaped by himself like other prisoners. And another evidence to support the reliability of his prison story given by the speaker is that the ceiling of the prison was repaired after Chevalier escaped.

In summary, the lecture challenged the argument in the reading to state that the stories recorded in Chevalier's memoir is believable.

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TPO9
Both the writer and the lecturer compare hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine with internal-combustion engines. The writer claims that hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine has more advantages over the internal-combustion engines. The speaker, however, strongly disagree with his argument.

While the writer indicated that fuel-cell engines relies on hydrogen which is renewable and easily available, the speaker argues that hydrogen is difficult to produce and store because the process should be under special conditions like extreme low temperature and pure liquid state.

Another advantage of hydrogen-based fuel cells mentioned in the reading that it is more environmental friendly is also refuted by the speaker. In the lecture, the speaker further explains that coal and oil will be used for producing the hydrogen. Thus, hydrogen-based fuel cells also face the same problem, carbon dioxide.

Finally, the writer's argument that the cost of hydrogen-based engines is less than traditional ones are also undermined by the evidence provided by the speaker. The speaker indicated that the hydrogen-based engines need a fuel-cell which is made by expensive mental to make it work. And until now, the mental could not be substituted by other cheaper metals.

In sum, the advantages of hydrogen-based engines mentioned in the reading are contradicted by the lecture.

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TPO10
Both the writer and the lecturer talk about the reason of the decline of the sea otters. The writer provides three reasons, increased levels of chemicals in water, the decline of other sea mammals, and the uneven pattern of otter decline, to support the opinion that it is the pollution that seems the more likely cause. The speaker, however, strongly refutes his assertions, and believe that attacks by predators is the main reason.

While the author indicates that increased oil rig and chemical pollution in the water where otters decline cause their deaths, the speaker reminds that there are no dead otters found around the beach. He further explains that if otters are dead due to the pollution, there should be dead bodies. Thus, it instead proves that otters are eaten immediately by predators.

Another evidence given in the reading is that other sea mammals are also declining and widely occurring predators like orca only hunt large sea mammals is also undermined by the lecturer. The lecturer provides other possible reasons for the decline of relatively small sea mammals like seals and sea lions. For example, few large sea mammals are available for orca because of the hunting of humans will cause orca to hunt seals and sea lions.

Finally, the speaker thinks that uneven pattern of otter cited by the writer to support his opinion could also be used to support the predators attacks cause. He further adds that the predators are too large to access the otters in shallow and rugged areas, thus the otters of those areas are less declined.

In sum, even though the writer offers many reasons to support the pollution cause, while the speaker contradicts his argument by other reasonable explanations.

SilentSirenUID: 3556159

TPO 2
层次和你的稍微有点不一样
Both the passage and the professor talk about the result when a group of people work as a team. The author asserts that team work is more efficient than individual work. The professor, however, strongly oppose this view with the evidence of a six month experiment conducted by a company.

First, there will be free riders when people work in a team. That is, people who haven't contribute their knowledge or skills will still share the result of the whole group. On the other hand, those who have done real contribution don't really get the chance to "shine". This apparently contradicts what the passage asserts.

Second, the writer argues that people in a team can work more quickly since there will be more creative solutions. But the speaker argues the slow processes when a group of people try to reach an agreement. There will be numerous meetings about how to carry on a plan. This is another aspect that contradicts the passage.

Third, there will be influencers in a group who will lead the group to success or failure. Once the influencers choose a wrong direction, the whole group will be led directly to failure, in spite of the warning by other group members. As a result, all the group members have to pay for the wrong decision by the influencers. This is strongly against the statement in the passage that everyone has a chance to contribute their knowledge or creative ideas.