[重要]GRE写作从头开始，细细归纳

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

Writing Assessment
The GRE used to contain an optional assessment on writing. As of October 1, 2002, the analytical writing assessment is a mandatory part of the general test. You will write two short essays in the writing section.
In the "issues" task, you will be shown two prompts, or statements each making a general, broad point. You will have 45 minutes to compose a response expressing your opinion about one of the two prompts.
An example of a prompt might be:
It is always best that a society place no restrictions on free speech.
Your response should express whether you agree or disagree with the statement (or you might take a neutral stance). You must develop your response in a logical and coherent structure, and support it with relevant examples.
Evaluation
Your essay will be sent to two trained readers (chosen from hundreds around the country). The readers will make a global evaluation of the quality of your response and assign a score from 1 to 6. If the two raters are in close agreement, your score is decided. If the two raters do not agree closely enough, a third rater will be brought in to make a judgment.
There are no right or wrong answers to the prompts. There are only essays that do a better or worse job of addressing the issue. Two essays, each taking an opposite viewpoint, could both receive top grades.
So what are the criteria? The essay will be graded on the following general criteria:
•        Appreciation of the complexities and implications of the issue
•        Organization and development of ideas
•        Quality of evidence and reasoning
•        Command of written English
You are not being evaluated on your knowledge of the topic. If the prompt is about freedom of speech, it is not expected that you will have in-depth knowledge of technical legal arguments on the subject.
That said, it is also not the case that anything goes. If you make an incredibly shallow argument, or if you choose examples that are plainly not relevant to the topic at hand, you will lose points. You do need to have some general knowledge around which to build your response. Luckily, any reasonably informed person who regularly reads the news and reflects on the state of the world should be able to generate (on the spot) sufficiently complex examples and arguments to satisfy the judges.
There will be two prompts to choose from, so you should be able to pick a topic with which you are reasonably comfortable.
Believe it or not, the prompts are actually publicly available but there is a catch. The pool of potential prompts is over 200, so it is unlikely you will have written and memorized an essay for each one.
It is definitely worth looking over the list of prompts. They are posted on the web at www.gre.org. You should read through them at least once. On the same website you can find examples of essays with scores from 1 to 6, along with explanations justifying the grades.
In the next few pages we outline some advice that we would follow if we were to take the writing assessment.

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

The Basics
An undeniable factor in your final score is your basic command of written English. Grammar and spelling will play a major role in your grade, even though the test is not explicitly supposed to test these. Remember that the task requires formal writing accessible to any general, competent reader. You are not writing an email to a friend, or an instant message, or a list of thoughts in point form.
Don't make careless grammar mistakes. Make sure that your sentences are complete, that your subjects and verbs agree, and that you don't violate any major rules of syntax. Check your spelling and punctuation.
There's not much more we can say here without giving a full tutorial on basic English writing skills. These are skills that a native English speaker builds throughout his or her life, and there is no substitute for sustained practice through experience with reading and writing. Non-native English speakers will have to write at the level they have learned to write. The judges are trained to look beyond the grammar and spelling for the quality of the analysis and presentation of the argument, but any judge will be influenced by the basic clarity of expression.
Do write more than one paragraph. If you were to study a large batch of graded GRE essays, it is overwhelmingly likely that there would be a strong positive correlation between the number of words and the grade, as well as between the number of paragraphs and grade.
This isn't surprising. A complex argument requires more words than a simplistic one. But a judge will probably be influenced by number of words alone, and all else being equal will likely award a higher grade to the longer essay.
That said, do not just add words and paragraphs in a thoughtless way because you feel it will increase your score. Judges will be very sensitive about repetition and irrelevant statements. The ability to write concisely is an important skill, and if you are perceived as padding your essay to make it longer, you will be punished.
Do not ramble and babble to make your essay take up more space. But on the other hand, if you feel that you've made your point well enough using just a few sentences, look again, because you can probably develop it further.
Choose your words carefully. Be precise in your writing; say exactly what you mean to say. Use words according to their proper usage without being too ornamental, or too simplistic in your expression.
Judges will be sensitive to the sophistication of your vocabulary. An essay containing words no more advanced than "The cat on the mat is fat" is very unlikely to receive a high score.
But don't force fancy words into the text where simpler ones will do. The purpose of the issues writing is for you to convey your point and support it with evidence. Being overly verbose or pompous will distract the reader from your argument, and your work will be judged more harshly.

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

Before you start
Yes, time is limited. Yes, it is tempting to start writing immediately. Don't do it. Take a few minutes to think before you write. You'll write a better essay, in less time, if you know where you are going.
Make a plan Before you begin writing, have a basic plan and outline ready for your essay. You should know where you are going with your argument so you can avoid writing a meandering, stream of consciousness piece with new examples and ideas introduced as they occur to you. To make a good plan, you will almost certainly need to think for a few minutes before you begin typing.
Generate good examples. A high-scoring essay uses concrete and relevant examples to support the argument. You should choose to write about things you know fairly well, so relevant personal examples are a wise choice. However, do not make it too personal. It would not be appropriate to write: "Free speech is bad because one of my friends once told someone else that my sweater was ugly and this hurt my feelings." That personal experience is not at all relevant to the general issue of free speech.
Define your terms. For writing to convey an understandable message, the reader and the writer must share a common understanding of the meaning of the words. Your reader is skilled in standard written English, so you can safely assume that you do not need to define words like "book" or "car". But in making an argument about politics or education, it may be helpful to clarify what you mean by certain terms.
The prompts are written somewhat vaguely to allow you some freedom in constructing your response. It is important that you help your reader understand the scope of what you are trying to say. For example, if you want to defend free speech, you will want to define what you mean by free speech. How do threats, slander, or yelling "fire" in a crowded theatre figure in to your definition of free speech? A reader who isn't clear as to what you mean by the phrase "free speech" may misunderstand your argument.
Be careful not to define terms that are so vague as to be almost meaningless. About 20% of the prompts use the word "society". We grade a lot of college student papers and we often shudder at the word "society". When we read in a paper that "Society ignores the needs of the elderly" or that "Society sends messages to kids that violence is a good way to resolve problems" we get out a big red pen and circle the word "society". What exactly is that word supposed to mean? Does it refer to the general population of a specific time and place, or is it more global, or does it also include institutions such as governments and business? What do you mean when you use the word "society". Be sure to let your reader know.

Consider counter-arguments. Before you launch into your essay, have a debate with an invisible critic. Try to consider the argument you are about to make from a different perspective.
Now, don't take this to the extreme or you will never start writing. But if your point seems to be self-evidently true, then it is either too simplistic (i.e. a truism such as "Food is good for people."), or you haven't been thoughtful enough about possible counter-arguments.
Take the time to consider counter-examples and flaws in your argument that a normal reader might come up with as they read. This will help you choose better examples. You will also be able to develop your point in a more sophisticated way because you can address the objections as you build your case. It is often more powerful and elegant to address a criticism early and in an integrated way with the rest of the essay.

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

Style and tone
Judges are human. An essay written in perfect English with the most sophisticated content can still leave a poor impression. Here are some things to keep in mind.
Be moderate. We hate to say this because it sounds like we're telling you to be boring. We're not. Many of you will know how to take a very strong stance and carry it off with elegance and style. Just remember, however, that you are trying to appeal to every single one of the hundreds of possible judges. All else being equal, the safest bet is to play to the middle. Don't go on a rant. Don't try to be overly clever or funny.
Again, we'd love to advise you to stand out, and many of you will try. Just know the risks associated with trying to be different by being extreme.
Be more formal than casual. Throughout this tutorial we've used contractions (such as "we've" instead of "we have") and addressed the reader in the second person. This counts as casual, informal writing, and hopefully it has helped keep you engaged. Your essay, however, should be more formal, more along the lines of a letter to the editor or an abstract presented to a conference. You are being judged on your ability to reason clearly and to write prose suitable for academic scholarship.

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

太多了，贴不完。
大家先看看吧！觉得不错的话就回个帖子，我下次打包把文件挂出来。

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

Just When You Thought You Were Done
You're not done until the 45 minutes is up. You can always do something more to improve your chances for the best possible score.
Check for careless mistakes. There's no excuse for a spelling mistake, missed word, or sentence fragment. Read carefully through what you've written and make sure that it's perfectly correct.
Find better ways to say your piece. As you re-read your essay, look for better ways to express your thoughts. Could a sentence be written more elegantly or concisely? Would the argument be better presented if you changed the order of some of the paragraphs? Could you chose a better word to be more concrete and precise? All of these require that you re-read the essay without falling in love with the first words you wrote. Don't attempt wholesale changes in the last few minutes. But do tinker right up to the end.

Take an objective view of your writing. This can be incredibly difficult to master. Remember that the reader is not in your head. The essay you write exists in two places. One is inside your head and the other is on the screen in front of you. One of the most difficult things to realize about your own writing is that these two are different, and they will become forever separated the moment you submit your essay.
That sounds philosophical, we know. But the relevance is this: When you re-read your essay, you read it with a certain tone and pace because the voice inside your head is reading along with the words on the page. Everyone else who reads the essay will only get the words on the page. This is why they might not see some of the connections that are obvious to you, or why they might not feel the same emphasis or urgency. Your reader might not conjure up the same imagery when reading as you had when writing. The more distance you can put between yourself and your own writing, the better you will be able to approximate the experience of the neutral reader, who just happens to be the person who will be giving you a score.

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

How should you prepare?
The real answer here is that you've been preparing all your academic life. If you've studied in English institutions, then you have practiced your English written expression. If you've studied in another language, you will have to translate your writing skills into English, but the GRE people say that they will be good at ascertaining what those underlying skills are.
In addition to writing, your academic studies have taught you to structure considered opinions in a logical and convincing manner, so the core skills assessed by the GRE writing component are not going to be mastered in a week of cramming. Nevertheless, any testing situation has its peculiarities, and we offer a few tips for how to optimize your performance.
Practice at least twice. Pick a prompt at random from the official GRE list of prompts and give yourself 45 minutes to write an essay. Get a feel for how you best allocate your time. Maybe you type quickly and you are comfortable spending 10 minutes or more preparing to write. Maybe you like to make a quick plan, then write, and then have sufficient time for careful editing. Your personal style will dictate your personal plan of attack. Do this at least twice.
Get some objective feedback. Seek out help; call in favors. After you've written a self-administered test essay, have a friend or teacher or parent look it over and offer you some feedback. It is important that you understand how your work is read by others.
Read the list of prompts.
The prompts are out there. You only have yourself to blame if you are confronted with a couple of prompts on test day and you are shocked because they seem entirely foreign to you. Read through the entire list of prompts and reflect for at least a few seconds on each. It's time well spent

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

Going Above and Beyond in Preparing
Most of you will be satisfied to have read through this tutorial, read through the prompts, and written one or two practice essays. That should be sufficient preparation for the specifics of this testing situation; the other factor you bring is the writing and reasoning ability that you have developed over years of education. And we're happy to urge you to stop there. After all, you can be sure that most of the test-takers will not even have done that much to prepare.
But some of you will want to do more. So although our better instincts tell us to tell you to relax, read a book, get some exercise, study your math, research colleges, cook dinner, call a friend, or whatever other productive uses there are for your spare time, we will share some thoughts on how you could go above and beyond in preparing for the GRE writing test.
Study the prompts. Yes, there are over 200 of them. But the people who wrote them got tired and made many of them similar. If you were to copy the page of prompts and put it in a spreadsheet, you would soon see that many of the prompts could be answered by the same (or nearly identical) essay. You shouldn't dream of memorizing 200 essays, but maybe if you wrote out 10 essays, you might be able to use those for up to 20 prompts. And now your chances are not that terrible of getting a prompt you're prepared to answer.
You might get together with a group of friends. If everyone writes essays, and then you help edit each other's essays, you will have a pool of strong essays to work from. Be aware, however, that if identical essays are submitted on the exam, it will be considered plagiarism. The judges are also looking for stock essays.
Know the themes of the prompts. Another approach is to study the prompts and group them into larger themes. For instance, many of the prompts deal with:
Education
Politics
Economics
History
Science and technology
Arts and literature
Do you know something about each of these topics? If you were required to say something about them, would you have a couple of handy examples ready? If not, read through the prompts again and reflect on areas where you might feel at a loss for something to say.

imongUID: 140258

Thanks！

出处&原作者please？ :)

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

Summary
One last step: after reviewing the materials here, take some time and ask yourself honestly- What are my weaknesses as a writer?
If your command of grammar and sentence structure is poor, then you should focus on the mechanics of grammar and vocabulary. No sugar coating here: this is difficult and takes time. Write an essay and give it to a friend or teacher and ask them to mark up every mistake. Rewrite the essay and hand it back to them to mark up again. Don't let your friend or teacher fix the writing for you: they should just point out the mistakes and it's your job to fix them. (They won't be there at the GRE itself).
If you can honestly say that you're a decent writer and you can put together a reasonably coherent opinion, supported with good evidence, then it's time to refine the skills that you already have. Add complexity to your reasoning and variety to your syntax. Don't always use the same sentence structures, and dare to offer examples that aren't obvious or mundane.
We hope that these pages have provided you with some direction and insight. The most important task is for you to be self-aware of your own writing ability. Then you'll know what you'll need to do to improve and get the best possible score on the test.

eveningboatUID: 157918

美女，直接把文件压缩后提供下载吧……这样你也省事。多谢了你的资料，看了一下，很有用。可惜我没时间了的说。

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

是加州大学搞的一个GRE Test Preparation
讲的还可以，主要我觉得比较原汁原味。

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

楼上的大哥，我不是美女，只是比较喜欢美女。
所以是美女图片。
好吧，我挂上来，要的当吧。

Anthony_LeeUID: 157656

挂了。
要verbal什么的mail me: Anthony_LeeQ@hotmail.com

gnomiUID: 150173

From this site?

http://www.number2.com/exams/gre ... iting/index.cfm?s=0

Thank you very much.