Argument 83/84 提纲讨论

ee_stoneUID: 3573213

抄题：

The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.

"Two studies of amphibians in Xanadu National Park confirm a significant decline in the numbers of amphibians. In 1975 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. One proposed explanation is that the decline was caused by the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1975. (Trout are known to eat amphibian eggs.)"

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

开头段：
In the letter, the introduction of trout is proposed as an explanation for the decline of amphibians, because trout are known to eat amphibian eggs. Actually, it is only one of many potential explanations, which include flaws in the comparison between the two studies, the limited source of food, and the changes of the environment.

ts1:
First of all, the comparison of the two studies may have flaws which can explain the dramatic decline on both species and numbers.
首先，在比较两次研究结果的时候可能存在的偏差，也许可以解释物种和数量如此剧烈的下降。可以从观测的季节，时间来解释。例如有些两栖动物是夜行性（nocturnal），或者有些动物会冬眠。也可以从观测的时间跨度和人手来解释，后一次观测的时间可能偏短，人手偏少。

ts2：
Besides the increase of predators on eggs, shortage of food sources may also lead to the decline of species and numbers.
除了捕食两栖动物的蛋的动物增加之外，食物来源的短缺也可能导致种群数量的下降。例如蛇的主要食物老鼠的数量可能由于捕鼠药的大量使用而减少，蛇甚至可能因为吃了被毒死的老鼠而死亡。而其他竞争者的引入也可能导致食物的短缺，进而影响爬行动物的食物来源。

ts3
Last but not least, environment may also play a key role in the explanation of the presented fact.
另外，环境也可能成为以上事实的重要解释。水源的污染，洪水或者地震对地形地貌的改变，对于两栖动物的生存的影响都可以作为解释。

tesolchinaUID: 2191404

The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.

"Two studies of amphibians in Xanadu National Park confirm a significant decline in the numbers of amphibians. In 1975 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. One proposed explanation is that the decline was caused by the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1975. (Trout are known to eat amphibian eggs.)"

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

开头段：
In the letter, the introduction of trout is proposed as an explanation for the decline of amphibians, because trout are known to eat amphibian eggs. Actually, it is only one of many potential explanations, which include flaws in the comparison between the two studies, the limited source of food, and the changes of the environment.

explanation 和 Introduction的搭配有问题
as the main cause of

ts1:
First of all, the comparison of the two studies may have flaws which can explain the dramatic decline on both species and numbers.
首先，在比较两次研究结果的时候可能存在的偏差，也许可以解释物种和数量如此剧烈的下降。可以从观测的季节，时间来解释。例如有些两栖动物是夜行性（nocturnal），或者有些动物会冬眠。也可以从观测的时间跨度和人手来解释，后一次观测的时间可能偏短，人手偏少。

it may be flawed to compare ...
flaw - explain 搭配有问题


ts2：
Besides the increase of predators on eggs, shortage of food sources may also lead to the decline of species and numbers.
除了捕食两栖动物的蛋的动物增加之外，食物来源的短缺也可能导致种群数量的下降。例如蛇的主要食物老鼠的数量可能由于捕鼠药的大量使用而减少，蛇甚至可能因为吃了被毒死的老鼠而死亡。而其他竞争者的引入也可能导致食物的短缺，进而影响爬行动物的食物来源。

为什么要提蛇和老鼠

ts3
Last but not least, environment may also play a key role in the explanation of the presented fact.
另外，环境也可能成为以上事实的重要解释。水源的污染，洪水或者地震对地形地貌的改变，对于两栖动物的生存的影响都可以作为解释。


几个点都找得不错 感觉在使用explain和explanation的时候要注意用词搭配

ee_stoneUID: 3573213

嗯嗯，多谢老师，准备四种题型的argument都先写一遍，确保模板和规定动作定型：）

蛇和老鼠很悲催，因为我总觉得蛇是两栖动物，哈哈。要不还是换个青蛙什么的算了。。。。

ee_stoneUID: 3573213

The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.

"Two studies of amphibians in Xanadu National Park confirm a significant decline in the numbers of amphibians. In 1975 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. One proposed explanation is that the decline was caused by the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1975. (Trout are known to eat amphibian eggs.)"

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

全文练习

In the letter, the introduction of trout is proposed as the main cause of the decline of amphibians, because trouts are known to eat amphibian eggs. Actually, it is only one of many potential explanations, which include  the flawed comparison between the two studies, the limited source of food, and the changes of the environment.

trouts
unfair? flawed?


First of all, the two studies can be done in different seasons or during different periods of a day, which makes the comparison of absolute numbers unfair. It provides an alternative explanation for the dramatic decline on species and numbers. The first study may be done in spring while the recent study may be done in winter. Since amphibians can be much more active in spring than in winter, when there are a lot of amphibians are in hibernation, the comparison between the absolute numbers of observed species can be misleading. Besides, the amphibians observed in the daytime can be quite different from that at night, because the nocturnal amphibians can be barely observed at noon.

provides和前面的which 搭配有问题 [已改]
census这个词不能乱用 [已改]
总的来说句子写得不错 挺流畅



Besides the increase of predators on eggs, shortage of food sources and increasing number of competitors may also lead to the decline of species and numbers. For example, carnivorous alligators may have trouble to forage feed, when cold weather slows the growth of grass and further causes the number of herbivores to decrease. Frogs, which are fed mainly with insects, may run into food shortage when new predators on insects are introduced in the national park.

cause- causes 并列结构注意保持语法 [已改]
were introduced



Last but not least, environmental changes may also play a key role in the explanation of the presented fact. Human activities, such as industrialization and tourism, may slightly change the composition of air and water, and make it difficult for some species to adapt to. Also, some human visitors may scare away some amphibians, since humans are totally strange to them and may be more scary than predators. Some other abrupt changes of environment, such as earthquake, eruption of volcanoes or flood, are also harsh for amphibians to get over, and can be the root cause of the decline.

environmental changes [已改]


In summary, there are a lot of potential explanations for the fact. To corroborate the argument in the letter, we may need to exclude these explanations with further investigations.