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冠词作限定词
第三节 冠词作限定词
冠词是一个虚词,本身不能够独立使用, 必须和一个名词连用。TOEFL出题主要集中在a和an的区别,那些地方要加the那些地方不加。
考点一 不定冠词a / an
不定冠词a和an后面当然接单数,a和an 的主要区别是:
a 用于以辅音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: a tower, a university
an用于以元音开头的名词前(指发音而不是拼写), 如: an orange, an hour
不定冠词a / an与可数名词单数连用, 表示泛指 “一个”、 “某一个”, 有时还可代表一类人或事物. 在作表语或同位语的可数名词单数前一般都要加不定冠词(除非名词前已有物主代词作限定语, 如my pen).
例题:
(1)
How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever
A B C
been discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it.
D
答案: B有错
应改为: puzzle.
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, puzzling是分词, 不能单独与a 连用, 故改为名 词puzzle
(2)
Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a
A B C D
question of physiology and of culture.
答案: D有错
应改为: day
解释: 不定冠词a应与可数名词单数连用, 而daily是形容词, 不能单独与a连用, 故改为 名词day
(3)
Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the
A B C
nonprofessional metal worker.
D
答案: C
应改为: still a practical
解释: medium是可数名词, 在句中作表语, 其单数之前应该用不定冠词
a, an的误用是TOEFL常见的改错题型
例题:
(1)
A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.
A B C D
答案: A
应改为: An emotion
解释: emotion是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an
(2)
If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can combine
A B C
chemically with other atoms.
D
答案: A
应改为: an atom
解释: atom是元音开头的名词, 前面的冠词应用an
考点二 定冠词the
定冠词限定名词时主要表示特指,针对TOEFL应注意以下几点:
(1) the和可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或物,如:
the fern(蕨类), the wallflower
(2) 序数词之前必须用the,如:
the first woman, the nineteenth century
但前面有物主代词时除外,如 my first baby
(3) 形容词最高级之前必须用the(有物主代词时除外),如:
the largest city, the most advanced technology
(4) of连接的名词前多用the, 如:
the development of the watch,
(5) 世界上独一无二的东西前应加the, 如:
the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
在下列情况下,一般不用the:
(1) 表示人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前, 一般不加,如:
Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英语), February(二月), America(美国)
但是在表示海洋、海峡、江、河、山脉、群岛等专有名词时要加上the
the Great Lakes(美国五大湖), the Changjiang River(长江)
(2) 无特指的不可数名词前,如:
algebra(代数学), advertising, accounting(会计学)
(3) 表示类别的复数名词前,如:
Historians believe that…, Amphibians(两栖动物) hatch from…
(4) 一些固定词组中,如:
in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
乘车的词组:
by train(乘火车), by car (乘汽车), by bicycle(骑脚踏车), by bus (乘公共汽车),
by land(由陆路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通过航空)
on foot (步行), by plane(乘飞机), by ship (乘船),
打球的词组:
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
注意:表示职位的词之前的冠词有无均可, 如:He was elected (the) chairman of the committee.
例题:
(D)
Historically, ---- chief material for making furniture has been wood, but metal and stone have also been used.
(A) it was the
(B) that the
(C) there was a
(D) the
答案:D
解释:空格后是主谓句,A、C可先排除,B使原句只有从句没有主句,只剩下D可选,D是定冠词作名词material的限定词,表特指
(2)
The Yukon River, which flows into the Bering Sea, gives its name to a region of
A B
Alaska and a territory of the Canada.
C D
答案:D
应改为:of
解释:Canada是国名,属专用名词,之前不能加定冠词
(3)
The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to
A B C
nineteenth century.
D
答案:D
应改为:to the nineteenth
解释:nineteenth是序数词,之前应加the |
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