一篇阅读（在Robin的带领下做了一篇LSAT），泪目求助！

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

Robin曾经说过，ETS把句子歪来歪去很变态。。。我今天才发觉真正的境界是一个看似顺序很正常的句子就是不明白到底什么意思。。。

Immigrants’ adoption of English as their primary language is one measure of assimilation into the larger United States society. Generally languages define social groups and provide justification for social structures. Hence, a distinctive language sets a cultural group off from the dominant language group. Throughout United States history this pattern has resulted in one consistent, unhappy consequence, discrimination against members of the cultural minority. Language differences provide both a way to rationalize subordination and a ready means for achieving it.

Traditionally, English has replaced the native language of immigrant groups by the second or third generation. Some characteristics of today’s Spanish-speaking population, however, suggest the possibility of a departure from this historical pattern. Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth between their present and former communities. This “revolving door” phenomenon, along with the high probability of additional immigrants from the south, means that large Spanish-speaking communities are likely to exist in the United States for the indefinite future.

This expectation underlies the call for national support for bilingual education in Spanish-speaking communities’ public schools. Bilingual education can serve different purposes, however. In the 1960s, such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English. More recently, many advocates have viewed bilingual education as a means to maintain children’s native languages and cultures. The issue is important for people with different political agendas, from absorption at one pole to separatism at the other.


To date, the evaluations of bilingual education’s impact on learning have been inconclusive. The issue of bilingual education has, nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities. Grounded in concerns about status that are directly traceable to the United States history of discrimination against Hispanics, the demand for maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools is an assertion of the worth of a people and their culture. If the United States is truly a multicultural nation—that is, if it is one culture reflecting the contributions of many—this demand should be seen as a demand not for separation but for inclusion.

More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided. For example, movements to declare English the official language do not truly advance the cohesion of a multicultural nation. They alienate the twenty million people who do not speak English as their mother tongue. They are unnecessary since the public’s business is already conducted largely in English. Further, given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning, it would be unwise to require the universal use of English. Finally, it is for parents and local communities to choose the path they will follow, including how much of their culture they want to maintain for their children.

1.        It can be inferred from the passage that one of the characteristics of immigrant groups to the United States has traditionally been that, after immigration, relatively few members of the group
（题干是神马意思啊？？）
(A) became politically active in their new communities
(B) moved back and forth repeatedly between the United States and their former communities
答案是B，原文中出现相同内容的是这句吧？Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth between their present and former communities.
题干都不明白根本不知道为什么要选这个。。。
(C) used their native languages in their new communities
(D) suffered discrimination in their new communities at the hands of the cultural majority
(E) sought assimilation into the dominant culture of the new communities they were entering

2.        The passage suggests that one of the effects of the debate over bilingual education is that it has
这道题目对应的是这句话么： If the United States is truly a multicultural nation—that is, if it is one culture reflecting the contributions of many—this demand should be seen as a demand not for separation but for inclusion.
(A) given the Hispanic community a new-found pride in its culture
(B) hampered the education of Spanish-speaking students
(C) demonstrated the negative impact on imposing English as the official United States language
(D) provided a common banner under which the Spanish-speaking communities could rally
(E) polarized the opinions of local Spanish-speaking community leaders


3.        In lines 38-39, the phrase “different political agendas” refers specifically to conflicting opinions regarding the
蓝色句子是什么意思又没看懂T_T
(A) means of legislating the assimilation of minorities into United States society
(B) methods of inducing Hispanics to adopt English as their primary language
(C) means of achieving nondiscriminatory education for Hispanics
(D) official given responsibility for decisions regarding bilingual education
(E) extent to which Hispanics should blend into the larger United States society
答案E：是说有不同的政治信仰可以阻碍absorption at one pole to separatism at the other(具体意思不明白求助），所以大概是保留自己native culture = blend in US culture的程度？

4.        In lines 64-65 the author says that “It would be unwise to require the universal use of English.” One reason for this, according to the author, is that
(A) it is not clear yet whether requiring the universal use of English would promote or hinder the education of children whose English is limited
答案是A，这是怎么回事？？
和A内容对应的句子In the 1960s, such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English.在第三段啊，怎么和这里挂钩了？
(B) the nation’s Hispanic leaders have shown that bilingual education is most effective when it includes the maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools
(C) requiring the universal use of English would reduce the cohesion of the nation’s Hispanic communities and leadership
这个不就是最后一段讲的内容吗？还是说More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided代表着最后一段说的都是实质上促进Inclusion的事情？
(D) the question of language in the schools should be answered by those who evaluate bilingual education, not by people with specific political agendas
(E) it has been shown that bilingual education is necessary to avoid disadvantaging in their general learning children whose English is limited


5.        In the last paragraph, the author of the passage is primarily concerned with discussing
(A) reasons against enacting a measure that would mandate the forced inclusion of immigrant groups within the dominant United culture
我发现自己对于inclusion已经没法正确理解了T_T，A是答案，怎么来的额？
(B) the virtues and limitations of declaring English the official language of the United States
(C) the history of attitudes within the Hispanic community toward bilingual education in the United States
(D) the importance for immigrant groups of maintaining large segments of their culture to pass on to their children
(E) the difference in cultures between Hispanics and other immigrant groups in the United States

yukie小丑猪UID：3517895

额。。。这篇我只做对了第五题，然后看了答案以后硬生生的去想“为什么这个答案对而别的答案错”，然后大概有了以下一点分析：

第一题：
题干traditionally直接与第二段第一句traditionally对应，并且与第二句中的today取反。第二句中today移民会move back and forth，说明traditional移民不会这样，说明B选项正确。

第二题：
第四段第二句直接说明双语教学的作用 ( served to united the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities )，与D选项同义改写

第三题：
第三段最后一句话：different political agendas = from absorption at one pole to separatism at the other，说明是关于Hispanic是否该融入美国社会的不同观点。想象一个光谱样的东西，一端是absorption即彻底融入移民后裔和美国人一样，另一端是separation即各民族各玩各的，中间是逐渐渐变的过程。所以政客所持有的观点相当于在这个“光谱”上取某一点。

第四题：
34-35行由given说明“unwise to … ”的理由来自前半句的“given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning”。先排除C ，因为与双语教学无关。前半句中的“the present state of understanding…”并没有明确说明双语教学的影响是好还是坏，因此只有A体现了这点

第五题：
第五段整体是对全文第一句的否定论证，因此选A

yukie小丑猪UID：3517895

昨天刚做了第一套LSAT，感觉就是，文章觉得比GRE容易懂，但题目就是做不对 怒掀桌子。。。

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

yukie小丑猪 发表于 2015-5-20 22:22
额。。。这篇我只做对了第五题，然后看了答案以后硬生生的去想“为什么这个答案对而别的答案错”，然后大概 ...

同只做对了第5题

第一题题干中的after immigration只是强调他们移民了？that后面接的是个表语从句？
我读的时候怎么就忽略了today！！！

2.题干中的debate体现在哪里？是such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English.？
To date证明了后面接的是effects？
其它选项错误是因为不是Effects？

3.这个光谱的想法太高级了！！一下就理解了

4.present state哪里说了not clear的状态呢？
用排除法排掉了B D E，然后恍然大悟C没有提到，不过不明白A为什么对了T_T

5.最后一段第一句话是承接上文最后一句吧？但是这个misguided要怎么理解呀？和A说的确实都是force inclusion的事，但是具体内容的相同在哪里？mandate the forced inclusion（FI）这是支持FI的意思吧？我感觉我是根本没翻译过来句子的意思T_T

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

yukie小丑猪 发表于 2015-5-20 22:32
昨天刚做了第一套LSAT，感觉就是，文章觉得比GRE容易懂，但题目就是做不对 怒掀桌子。。。

我用的robin推荐的提速软件做的，简直是虐哭我啊，做了一篇然后就坚持不下去了。话说LSAT的材料好少好少，连真题解析都没有，做完都不知道要怎么订正T_T
你还会继续做下去吗？

PS我得赶紧做几篇老G压压惊了

yukie小丑猪UID：3517895

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-5-21 10:05
同只做对了第5题

第一题题干中的after immigration只是强调他们移民了？that后面接的是个表语从句？

第一题题干after immigration我觉得只是说他们移民了这个状态。老实说that我没太在意什么作用，我不懂语法。。。

第二题，“In 1960s” 和 “more recently” 后面的句子感觉就是在陈述事实，即双语教学在当时的作用，而没有说明某个时期有很多着用，所以我的判断是这里不是debate。而我觉得是标志词是第四段的inconclusive (lead to no conclusion or definite result)，而紧接着的之后那句话里的nevertheless表示了对以上的转折（没有结论→有结论）。所以我选了后面那句话的同意为这题答案。

第四题我也不太明白为什么A对，只能说另外4个错了把。。。

第五题，文章第一句的逻辑就是，说英语 = inclusion（即，说移民的母语 = not inclusion），然后全文用Spanish speaker = migration = minority，通过讨论Hispanic说母语还是英语这个对后代的双语教学的问题来表明逻辑（只教英语 = force inclusion）

所以我感受到得全文的逻辑就是：全民英语 = 美国各民族大团结（inclusion）

far2goUID：3568511

http://gmatclub.com/forum/immigr ... guage-is-67720.html
帮你Google了下

无敌浩克OneUID：3605802

far2go 发表于 2015-5-21 21:56
http://gmatclub.com/forum/immigrants-adoption-of-english-as-their-primary-language-is-67720.html
帮 ...

谢谢！！！
PS翻墙看来不可避免了！！

far2goUID：3568511

无敌浩克One 发表于 2015-5-22 09:31
谢谢！！！
PS翻墙看来不可避免了！！

这是必备技能

huapingUID：3395694

其实LSAT文章题目还好吧~大家把难度说高了

wsjenglishUID：3643341

第一题
提干里 “that。。”这个从句整个用来指one of the characteristics. 答案就在你说那句话。

第二题的答案在这句话
“The issue of bilingual education has, nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities” 意思就是选项d。

第三题
“Bilingual education can serve different purposes”一个目的是帮移民融入（absorption)，一个是帮移民保持自己的文化和语言(separatism)。这两个是融入多少的两个极端，different political agendas在这两个极端之间。
第四题
答案就在上半句“given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning”。
‘the present state”指的是上一段第一句话“To date, the evaluations of bilingual education’s impact on learning have been inconclusive.”
inconclusive就是not clear.
第五题
答案在本段第一句话“More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided.”  “force inclusion” = “a measure that mandate the forced inclusion”.
我好闲。。。