【暑假官方组活动】英文语法专项复习(20160319更新)

小硕鼠UID：3411565

本帖来自"【官方】GRE暑假组"，欢迎关注！你还可以查看更多小组、创建小组

一个良好的AW很重要，然后我发现我的英文语法已经不如高中水平了……痛定思痛，准备恶补一下英语语法

教材采用A Commonsense Guide to Grammar and Usage（这本书有清晰的电子版，大家可以去网上下载），当然别的语法书也都是可以的。我会把自己读这本书的体会陆续放上来，也请大家积极讨论跟帖回复，我会专门开一楼把精华回复放上去

书籍下载：


To be cont'd

二楼是章节总结

三楼是笔记

另外上面那本书有一些不全的地方，建议着重补习一下时态和虚拟语气，参考高中的语法书即可

小硕鼠UID：3411565

下面截图是每一章的章节总结部分

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Unit 1

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Unit 2

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Unit 3

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Unit 4

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Unit 5

小硕鼠UID：3411565

Note:下面展开所说的一些情况主要是比较容易忽视的情况，主旨是让大家快速温习一些语法知识，详细的解答请参考教材

LZ学业比较繁忙，尽量保证稳定更新，大家着急考试的可以迅速把这本教材扫一遍，虽然看起来很厚但是其实习题很多，讲解部分很少

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Lesson 1.1: Fragments句子成分不完整。
典型错误：

Adverbs. In this category are adverb clauses that tell when, where, and espe-cially why something happened. Example 2 illustrates this type of fragment.

（错误的）例句

I was really upset.  Because I knew I would be late for work.

原因：The fragment expands on the entire previous sentence, explaining why the writer was upset.
针对Fragments的解决方案：

1. If the fragment is a renamer or an -ing fragment, you will probably
need to add a comma.
2. If it is an adverb fragment, you will usually need no punctuation to
attach it to the previous sentence. A comma is required only if the
fragment begins with a word or phrase such as although or even though,
to show a strong contrast.

针对comma的用法，以后的章节会介绍

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lesson 1.2 Fused Sentences and Comma Splices
这一课比较简单，一个句子不能拆分成两个独立的句子，如果能拆开就加连词并且（有可能）需要加逗号

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lesson 2 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree
这个错误是我们考试的时候很容易犯但是又很容易检查出来的错误。机考的环境下大家情绪容易紧张，主谓一致又需要保持高度的注意力，经常是写了一堆从句（主语和谓语隔的很远）到了后面就不知道动词应该是单数还是复数了。无他，多写，以及尽量挤出来时间快速过一遍自己写的文章，检查一下。
典型错误：

There is a million stories in every big city.

答案是is改成are。

对比：

There was dozens of books piled on the couch.

答案是was改成were。

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lesson 2.5 Compound Subjects

When two (or more) subjects are joined by and, they are called a compound subject. Compound subjects can cause subject-verb agreement errors when writers incorrectly think of the compound subject as a single unit and therefore use a singular verb. Compound subjects, however, are almost always plural and therefore must use plural verbs.

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lesson 3 Tenses这里需要注意时态转换的问题，比如下面这句（是正确的），后半句陈述客观事实

She went to Trident Technical College, which is in South Carolina.

总结一下就是：

Use the past tense when telling a story about something that was completed in the past.

Use the present tense to make “timeless” statements of fact or generalizations that are true now and will continue to be true indefinitely unless something happens to change the situation.

至于完成时就比较简单了

The past tense is used to refer to an event that is over and done with.

The event could have happened at a single moment in time or lasted for years. In either case, the event is now history

The present perfect tense is used to refer to an event that began at some point in the past and continues into the present time.

The past perfect tense is used to indicate that a particular event in the past was completed before some more recent past event took place.

但是大家注意这本书对时态的讲解非常浅，建议回去参考一下自己高中的语法书，重点看时态/虚拟语气部分

岳然UID：3654715

支持这种重视基础、脚踏实地的帖子！

logicallyUID：3447866

这个对于基础不好的人确实很有必要。有些人以为只要背好单词就可以了，从四六级托福一路背到GRE，语法、短语搭配完全不管，还是考不了多少分。

AlaricszUID：3720341

Thanks a lot!