【求助】阅读机经200篇 Passage 1 and Passage 7

我Me是个好人UID: 3724812

最近做阅读机经做得有点崩溃. 有两道题怎么也想不明白.

一、
Among many historians a belief persists that Cotton Mather's biographies of some of the settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (published 1702) are exercises in hagiography, endowing their subjects with saintly piety at the expense of historical accuracy. Yet modern studies have profited both from the breadth of information that Mather provides in, for example, his discussions of colonial medicineand from his critical observations of such leading figures as Governor John Winthrop. Mather's wry humoras demonstrated by his detailed descriptions of events such as Winthrop's efforts to prevent wood-stealingis overlooked by those charging Mather with presenting his subjects as extremely pious. The charge also obscures Mather's concern with the settlers material, not just spiritual, prosperity. Further, this pejorative view underrates the biographies value as chronicles: Mather amassed all sorts of published and unpublished documents as sources, and his selection of key events shows a marked sensitivity to the nature of the colony's development.

2. The author of the passage implies that an argument for the historical accuracy of Mather's works is most strongly supported by which of the following?
A.surviving documents that corroborate Mather’s detailed descriptions of his subjects
B.Mather’s firsthand personal acquaintance with those about whom he wrote
C.Mather’s frank and straightforward accounts of the lives and times of people about whom he had conducted extensive research
D.Mather’s ability to detail important historical events in the religious context of which they were a part
E.the quantity and nature of the sources from which Mather obtained his information.

The answer is E, and I wrongly chose C.
But why?

二、
Although social learning (the acquisition of specific behaviors by observing other individuals exhibiting those behaviors) is well documented among fish, few studies have investigated social learning within a developmental context in these taxa. Rather than investigating the development of a particular skill, Chapman, Ward, and Krause investigated the role of group density during development in later foraging success in laboratory-housed guppies. When raised with a small number of conspecifics (members of the same species), guppies were quicker to locate food by following a trained adult guppy than were guppies raised in large groups. This counterintuitive finding is explained by the fact that guppies reared in the high-density condition were less likely to shoal (swim in a group} with others and, therefore, were less Iikely to learn the benefits of social learning. Instead, fish reared in high-density situations may learn that conspecifics are to be viewed as competitors, rather than as potential sources of adaptive information. This finding suggests that at least for guppies, the early social environment may have an effect on the capacity for social learning, if not on the socially learned behaviors themselves.

3. Which of the following can be inferred about the study by Chapman, Ward, and Krause?
A. It was initially designed to investigate something other than social learning B. It required researchers to observe individual guppies at multiple points in their life spans.
C. It pointed to the possibility that population density may have little to do with guppies' social learning
D. It required the observation of guppies under conditions that closely mimicked
E. It indicated that guppies gain adaptive information from being reared with a relatively large number of conspecifics.

The right answer is D and I chose it through elimination, but where to find the support?

希望有好心版友解答...

蜜柑123UID: 3693257

第二题  E 不就对应了Yet modern studies have profited both from the breadth of information that Mather provides in,                  profit是获利，获得了什么，肯定说他给的信息是对的

后面的那道题目  你的选项不完整啊
A. It was initially designed to investigate something other than social learning.
B. It required researchers to observe individual guppies at multiple points in their life spans.
C. It pointed to the possibility that population density may have little to do with guppies’ social learning.

D. It required the observation of guppies under conditions that closely mimicked the conditions of guppies in the wild.
E. It indicated that guppies gain adaptive information from being reared with a relatively large number of conspecifics.        这么看不就肯定选D了

我Me是个好人UID: 3724812

蜜柑123 发表于 2017-9-22 23:52
第二题  E 不就对应了Yet modern studies have profited both from the breadth of information that Mathe ...

第一个懂了, 感谢.
原来只是单一的逻辑层面, 我想多了.:lol

不过第二个理由是啥? 原文哪里可以找到support?

蜜柑123UID: 3693257

Rather than investigating the development of a particular skill, Chapman, Ward, and Krause investigated the role of group density during development in later foraging success in laboratory-housed guppies. 中的  laboratory-housed guppies.

我Me是个好人UID: 3724812

蜜柑123 发表于 2017-9-23 07:32
Rather than investigating the development of a particular skill, Chapman, Ward, and Krause investiga ...

Thanks, but how does “mimicked wild conditions” in selection D can be logically inferred from the description “laboratory-housed”? I cannot figure out their connection...

蜜柑123UID: 3693257

我觉得实验肯定是要证明某个理论的 肯定要和实际情况高度一致啊  你要是说文章中具体体现 的确没有 可是实验对象不符合实际 这个实验就是失败的啊

我Me是个好人UID: 3724812

蜜柑123 发表于 2017-9-23 10:42
我觉得实验肯定是要证明某个理论的 肯定要和实际情况高度一致啊  你要是说文章中具体体现 的确没有 可是实验 ...

Thanks, 这样一提示就没什么问题了:victory:

蜜柑123UID: 3693257

嗯  我对这两道题目理解比较深了:lol