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Virginia Woolf 1882 - 1941
Virginia Woolf was born Adeline Virginia Stephen in London and educated at home by her father, the biographer Sir Leslie Stephen. She suffered a number of early shocks, including sexual abuse by her half-brother and the death of her mother when she was in her teens. Throughout her life she was subject to mental breakdowns of varying intensity.
In 1905, after her father's death, Woolf and her artist sister, Vanessa, lived with their 2 brothers in a house in Bloomsbury which became the headquarters of the so-called Bloomsbury Group. This collection of artists, writers and intellectuals, generally modernist in outlook, were chiefly united by a strong reaction against the preceding Victorian Age. The group included, amongst others, writer E M Forster, biographer Lytton Strachey and painters Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant.
In 1912, Woolf married a member of the group, the political theorist Leonard Woolf, with whom she founded the Hogarth Press in 1917. After publishing 2 realistic novels, she developed a more experimental approach with her third book, Jacob's Room (1922), based on the life of her brother Toby, who had died tragically in 1906.
Her next novel, Mrs Dalloway (1925), presenting the thoughts and inner lives of several groups of people in the course of a single day, broke new ground with the stream of consciousness technique pioneered by James Joyce in Ulysses (1922). To the Lighthouse (1927) showed great technical mastery, with a form tightly organised through the use of recurrent images and a restricted time frame. In The Waves (1931), she again recorded the stream of consciousness of her creations, inviting the reader to inhabit the minds of her 6 characters from childhood to old age.
In 1928, Woolf published a historical fantasy, Orlando, an imaginative analysis of gender, identity and creativity. "In every human being," she later wrote, "a vacillation from one sex to the other takes place". Covering a huge time span, Orlando also made use of elements taken from the life and family history of her friend and lover Vita Sackville-West.
In her long essay A Room of One's Own (1929), Woolf turned her attention to the cause of women's rights, especially the obstacles that have hindered women writers. Most literature, she claimed, had been "made by men out of their own needs for their own uses".
Woolf wrote some fine criticism, notably The Common Reader (1925), and her posthumously published diaries and correspondence shed much light on her life and work. Dogged throughout her life by a form of hypomania or manic depression, she committed suicide by drowning in 1941.
KEY WORKS INCLUDE:
Jacob's Room (1922)
Mrs Dalloway (1925)
The Common Reader (1925)
To the Lighthouse (1927)
Orlando (1928)
A Room of One's Own (1929)
The Waves (1931)
Between the Acts (1941)
(www.bbc.co.uk) |
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