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前言:首先感谢寄托天下作文版块斑竹们和其他读者朋友们的支持!希望你们能够跟我们一起将这个练习完成,共同突破GRE AWA的瓶颈!在今天的评析开始前,我还要补充下看到大家练习后期望大家做到的两点:
1.由于本人时间力量有限,不可能对大家的写作练习进行详细地面面俱到的评析,因此请大家在练习后对照后来的笔者答案仔细就以下5个方面来自己给自己的练习进行评估:
(1).逻辑性:从第一次的练习看,有的读者正在犯着这样的错误,请务必将自己的习作翻成中文检查一下意义有无与原文意思出入,一旦出现是致命伤,务必提高警惕!
(2).语法:有的读者写的句子总是出现成分残缺,尤其是在长句子里,缺谓语的现象屡见不鲜,还有其他的问题,由于练习量每天才10句,请大家务必要仔细核对,检查,尽量提醒自己写句子时注意完整性.
(3).用词:很多读者喜欢用高级的GRE之类词汇,这本很好,但是请在用之前,吃不准的务必查阅WEBSTER和相关用法词典,包括数,搭配和使用环境,感情色彩,千万不要相当然的使用!
(4).简洁:不要出现重复表达以及累赘拖沓的表达,这听起来很难,对照笔者的句子来作出该项评估相信也能有所成.
(5).连贯:这个要求也是必要的,尤其注意信号连接词和标点的使用,不清楚的请仔细查阅相关书籍.
以后笔者的注解和借鉴会更加简洁,只是提供一个参考的方案,更多的要靠读者自己对自己习作中问题的发掘和根除,如此才能有应有的效果,所以千万不要做完后看了笔者的答案就算完成任务了!注意:读者自己的练习远远比笔者提供写出的句子要有价值的多,因为这些才是你真实能力的体现!!!一定要善加利用!
2.推荐每次可以拿个小本子,将自己就上述5个标准中自己所犯的错误记录在页面的左边,同时把笔者句子里读者认为好的用法和表达记录在右边,两相对照,每天温习,不熟悉的表达,只要吃不准,请不要犹豫和懒惰,查手边的字典或请教老师,然后按笔者的方法,进行造句练习.可以推荐把字典里的例句的中文抄下,然后练习,之后再对照字典中给出的英文范句进行对照,如此该句子才真正成为你自己的武器.
最后再忠告大家一句:不要在练习中患得患失,这只是练习!!!不要死记硬背笔者的句子,这无论对于大家的写作能力的培养以及应试能力的提高都没有半点好处.谢谢大家!
为方便斑竹们整理,这里还是将(一)中的内容整合进入答案评估中.
SILENTWINGS教你写GRE句子(一)
1. The saying is used to point out that …… 这个说法用来指出
(用法)常用在引用的名人名言或者俚语之后,用以表达作者自己引文的目的,立场或观点。
(例子) 讽刺的是,这种说法指出在我们之中普遍存在一种倾向,认为他人总是比自己幸运。
[KEY] The saying is used ironically to point out that there is a temptation in us all to insist that others are more fortunate than ourselves.
[借鉴] (1)Ironically, the saying is used to point out that there is a trend among us that others are always luckier than ourselves.
注:该句基本达到了句中意思的要求,而且表达简洁清晰,符合标准。
(2)Ironically, the saying is used to point out that there is a common
tendency between us pointing out that others are always more lucky than
ourselves.
注:该句虽然意思表达明确,但是在一个句子中连用两个point out,犯了重复的大忌,希望引起大家注意。
(3)Ironically the saying is used to point out a trend among us that others are all luck dogs except self.
注:这个句子首先副词在前,一般要用逗号搁开,另外luck只是名词,幸运儿用lucky dogs是可以的,但是在书面语中体现一些非正式的诙谐,宜用引号括起。另外,作者在将意思转化成英文时,理解上已经有所大的偏差,因为原来的中文意思是说别人比自己更幸运,换言之,只是比较程度上的问题,并没说自己不幸运。出现这种问题的句子还有些,希望这些读者朋友注意,在将自己想到的意思转化成英文时,注意逻辑上的一致性,这对于GRE写作上往往会成为致命伤!
(例子) 这种说法不变地指出一味抱怨和责备他人并不能消除贫困,无论其他人如何卑鄙,每个人都必须靠自己来获得成功。
[KEY] The saying is used invariably to point out that poverty cannot be reduced by merely complaining and blaming others: no matter how guilty other people are, each individual must reach out to success for himself.
[借鉴](1)The saying is used to point out that it would be of no use to eliminate
poverty by only complaining and abusing others and everyone should rely on
himself to attain success no matter how abject others are.
注:该句子基本将句子中的意思表现了出来,也没有明显语法错误,只是在用词上存在些许问题。Abject主要是用来形容humble,hopeless的状态,意思为“卑屈的”,跟“卑鄙的”意义不同。
(2)The saying used to constantly point out that only complaining and blaming others cannot obviate poverty, instead, no matter how mean others are, everyone must depend upon self to attain success.
注:该句意义表达还是相当清晰,但是在小处上错误仍然出现。首先,主句漏掉了谓语动词is,后面instead引出语义重心,因此应该前面宜用分号分隔。
2. This is nowhere more true than…… 没有比在……更正确不过的了
(用法)用以强调在某个方面所表述或引用的论据得到了支持。聪明的读者应该马上就能举一反三,在ARGUMENT中,可将上句中的TRUE转换成ridiculous就可以用来攻击Arguer的ramshackle position了。
(例子) 这在关于幻想和现实的问题上是再正确不过的了。
[KEY] This is nowhere more true than on the question of fantasy and reality.
[借鉴] This is nowhere more true than the issues of fantasy and reality.
注:就……问题而言,注意前面要加介词on,即on the question of, on the problem of,这是正确地道运用的关键。
(例子) 没有比认为钱多就更幸福更荒谬的了。
[KEY] This is nowhere more ridiculous than on the assertion that the extent of happiness tasted is in proportion to the amount of money possessed.
[借鉴] This is nowhere more ridiculous than the belief that the more money one has the happier life he enjoys.
注:该句基本上清晰表达出了句子的意思,主要问题仍然是上面句子中提到的介词on的问题。
3. When faced with…… 当面临……
(用法)常用来表达这样一种假设“遇到……,就采取……”在作文中十分常用。重复使用时,可以将face与confront, encounter, come across等替换,避免repetition.
(例子) 当我们遭遇不幸时,我们常常从这样的观念中寻求安慰;我们的不幸是绝无仅有的。
[KEY] When faced with the ‘bad times’, we often find comfort in the idea that we are special in our degree of misfortune.
[借鉴](1)When faced with a misery, we tend to comfort ourselves in the belief: our misfortune is unique.
煮:该句意义表达比较清晰,基本达到要求,在名词的数上,动词使用上都比较规范。
(2)When faced with an adversity, we often seek consolation from the thought that this adversity also happens in others.
注:本句作者根本颠覆了句子的意思,将意义“反”了过来,全句的意思是说我们受到的苦难在程度上是非凡的,而作者却写成了“共同的”,逻辑上的错误需要警惕!
(例子) 当我们适逢惨败时,我们应该记住在一定程度上人生总是凶险异常,充斥着各色成功与失败,以及冒险。
[KEY] When faced with the fiasco, we should remember that life for most people, to an extent, is precarious enough to include some degree of winning and losing, and of adventure.
[借鉴] When confronted with terrible failures, we should remember to some extent life is always extremely dangerous, teeming with kinds of successes, failures and risks.
注:该句基本将意思得以清晰表达,但是在failure和success的用法上出现了小的失误。在表述宽泛的“成功”或者“失误”时,请注意两者是不可数的。拿success来说,只有在表述一个成功的人,一样成功的东西时才是可数。比如This man is just a success。This play is a tremendous success。
4. It is presumptuous to judge……according to…… 根据……来判断……太武断
(用法)该句型几乎是ARGUMENT作文中的上宾,一出手就力量惊人,具体操作相信并不困难。这里要补充一下的是,在ISSUE中该句也可用来攻击opposite points,为避免俗套以及丰富句型,presumptuous可以用arbitrary, ridiculous, illegitimate, unpersuasive等等来替换。
(例子) 根据唱片的销量来推断出他的知名度是武断的。
[KEY] It is presumptuous to judge his popularity according to the sales of his albums.
[借鉴] It is presumptuous to judge how famous he is according to how many his records were sold.
注:该句比较简单,上面的句子达到了要求。
(例子) 根据他对于命运的定义来将生命理解为一种赌博是不合理的。
[KEY] It is illegitimate to justify that life is a kind of lottery in accordance with his notions of destiny.
[借鉴] It is arbitrary to judge life as a gamble according to his definition
of destiny.
注:该句基本上在结构上实现了有效的写作,但是在两个词上用得有些偏颇。一个是arbitrary,不合理宜采用其他读者写的unreasonable等,arbitrary是专横的,不理智的,而不是不合理的,意义上有区别。另外,gamble做名词常是指“带有冒险性的事情”,要准确表达赌博还是宜用动名词形式的gambling为好。
5. The only time a person can claim that…… 仅当……才能宣称……
(用法)该句型常在ARGUMENT中用以纠正ARGUER的逻辑错误,在ISSUE分论中用来加固或者完善自己的观点。
(例子) 仅当他反思自己的所作所为,一个人才能声称怜悯是一种美德。
[KEY] The only time a person can claim that “compassion” is a kind of merit is when he reflects on his own behaviors.
[借鉴] The only time a person can claim that commiseration is a virtue is when he reconsiders his behaviors.
注:该句作者表达清晰,简洁,明了,符合明了,值得学习。但是,笔者建议读者可以学习一下上面的reflect on短语的用法,这是一个带有一定感情色彩的短语。
(例子) 颇具矛盾的是,仅当全部相关证据准备妥当时,法庭才能将传票递出。
[KEY]Paradoxically, the only time the court can send the subpoena is when almost all relevant evidence is well prepared.
[借鉴] Paradoxically, the only time that the court can send out a subpoena is when all pertinent evidence is ready.
注:表达很清楚,句子结构套路使用准确。建议读者:在写作时吃不准的高级词或者短语请勿莽撞套用!否则会无谓增加扣分点,句子的结构清晰,意义明确是第一位的! |
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