issue036，第二篇！请大家猛拍，谢谢！逢拍必回！

药到病除UID: 196768

36. "The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."

一个人是否伟大是由后人评定的而非他同时代的人。

There exists a controversial issue that only people who live after individuals rather than their contemporaries can judge their greatness.In my point of view,the judgment of people living at a later time is relatively impersonal and fair-minded in that they can not only hold more knowledge and information to support a comprehensive evaluation but also they can not be influenced by the specific circumstance of the time when the individual lived.

To begin with,living in a later time means people possess more knowledge and information as tools and standards to comprehensively evaluate the individual who lived before them.At the present,people know countless evidence that can justify Copernicus's important theory that the earth is not the center of the universe and consider him to take a very high position in the history of science,not only for his ideas but for his bravery of presenting them at his time when religion governed everything.It is the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science that help people more approach the truth and therefore gradually realize the greatness of individuals who can not be understood and accepted during their times.Without these,contemporaries' evaluation to them can be misled by their subjective feelings and limited knowledge.Still with Copernicus's theory,most normal people at his time considered it as "ridiculous" and "meaningless" and even thought its author was crazy for with insufficient knowledge and evidence,they had to depend on their direct feelings and incorrect knowledge about the relationship among the earth and the sun and the universe.According to these above,with the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science,people who live at a later time thus obtain more powerful tools and more objective standards to evaluate the greatness of an individual.

Not only can people hold more knowledge that is necessary for judging the greatness of individuals living in a earlier time, but their judgment can not be influenced by the specific circumstance of that time belonging to individuals.It is known that people nowadays can freely present their diversified views on the dictators or tyrants in history.These views generated after these dictators' influence disappeared are more likely to reflect the truth in that critics are no longer threatened by banishing,executing,and the like.In the opposite,their ancestors who lived under the governing of these dictators were to face these threats if they made a voice different from the dictatorial governments and therefore may have to describe those dictators as "great leader" or some other titles like it when they had opportunities to present their views in public.This explains the reason that almost all tyrants or dictators were considered to be "great" at their times and indicates that the evaluation of an individual's contemporaries can be influenced by the circumstance at that time.It is obvious that without affecting by this factor,people living after those individuals are more qualified to judge their greatness.

Admittedly,people who live in a later time can ignore the greatness of some individuals and the significance of their achievement as compared to the time they lived at.As my physics teacher at university said(and I paraphrase):"Some inventions and ideas that helped people solve many problems in the past now have been replaced or proven incorrect.You may think their inventors or authors are not so great,for example,the author of phlogiston theory.But these persons and their achievement were highly praised at their times.And they deserve."This word illustrates that people can often ignore those limited conditions of the former time and therefore might not realize the greatness of some individuals.

In conclusion,people living in a later time are more likely to independently objectively judge the greatness of individuals who belong to a earlier time.This is because not only do the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science help them obtain more tools and standards for judgment,but also the specific circumstance of that time can not influence their evaluation.

AutoseaUID: 192045

Copernicus的例子感觉不大好，因为当时人们不理解Copernicus主要是天主教势力的强大而造成的，并不是因为没有足够的证据。我认为这个例子可以拿来支持你的第二个分论点。
对于分论点二，最好有具体一点的例子，这样说服力更强。
让步段写得不错。

帮忙看看我的Issue36

The statement above is somewhat misleading, because everyone, no matter when he or she live, is able to make his or her own decision about the greatness of individuals albeit his or her judgment may not be objective. The central issue of this topic, in my opinion, is which one, their contemporaries or those who belong to a later time, can make a more objective evaluation of the greatness of individuals and I contend that people who live after them can assess the greatness of individuals more objectively.

People who belong to a later time seldom have limitations that were imposed on the individuals’ contemporaries. If the individuals were already in authority, they may not directly affect people living later time to make an objective evaluation. The judgments of their contemporaries, in contrast, inevitably suffered influences from the individuals. For example, Chinese people nowadays may be concerned with both negative and positive aspects of Mao Zedong, whereas those who were living in Great Cultural Revolution and under the impact of Mao’s policy merely focused on feats of Mao. Obviously, today’s Chinese people can have a more objective picture of Mao. On the other hand, if the individuals were unknown, people living in a later time can discover them. Abel, a Norwegian mathematician, for instance, propounded group theory that is a very important branch of modern mathematics, but his contemporary mathematicians did not take it seriously and even thought it was wrong. Until decades of years after his death, when people needed the theory, mathematicians began to understand the value of group theory. In short, people living in a later time can break down limitations to acquire a comprehensive view of the individuals.

Moreover, people living after the individuals are able to understand the long-term effects of them. In the field of science and technology, there are many examples: Copernicus’s contemporaries would never expect the birth of new science; Watt’s clienteles could not anticipate that the steam engine would change the world; Von Neumann’s fellows might not predict the popularity of Internet. Only those who belong to a later time are able to understand their great contributions to human beings. Philosophy is also the case. For example, the power of Aristotle in philosophy can only be truly identified after thousands of years; so can the greatness of Confucius in Chinese history; and so the role of Karl Marx in the capitalist world. In a word, people who belong to a later time can take into long-term effects of the individuals into account, thereby obtaining an insightful view on individuals’ greatness.

Admittedly, people who live after them have some disadvantages to appreciate the individuals. For instance, they cannot obtain the live facts about the individuals; they cannot feel the direct influences of the individuals; they cannot judge whether their second-hand materials are true or false.

In sum, people who belong to a later time can decide the greatness of individuals more objectively than their contemporaries. This idea has two useful meanings: one is that when we consider the greatness of some historical figures we should bring a skeptical attitude towards the descriptions by their contemporaries; the other is that we should also mistrust the reports of modern public figures conducted by modern media.

药到病除UID: 196768

谢谢Autosea，先占个坑，我会看得

药到病除UID: 196768

1.Abel的例子很恰当。但是我觉得Aristotle的很多思想反而是后来被证明是错的，大家才发现他不是圣人；在西方也有很多人批驳过Karl Marx的理论，所以后人对他的正面评价好像有下降的趋势，倒是他那个时代有很多追随者。其余的例子都很好，比我知识丰富多了：）
2.take into long-term effects of the individuals into account（多了一个into?）

药到病除UID: 196768

sigh，我也觉得Copernicus的例子不好，当时也想不出更好的

Mars3000UID: 198477

There exists a controversial issue that only people who live after individuals rather than their contemporaries can judge their greatness.In my point of view,the judgment of people living at a later time is relatively impersonal and fair-minded in that they can not only hold more knowledge and information to support a comprehensive evaluation but also they can not be influenced by the specific circumstance of the time when the individual lived.[not only,but also不平衡]

To begin with,living in a later time means people possess more knowledge and information as tools and standards to comprehensively evaluate the individual who lived before them.At the present,people know countless evidence that can justify Copernicus's important theory that the earth is not the center of the universe and consider him to take a very high position in the history of science,not only for his ideas but for his bravery of presenting them at his time when religion governed everything.It is the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science that help people more approach the truth and therefore gradually realize the greatness of individuals who can not be understood and accepted during their times.Without these,contemporaries' evaluation to them can be misled by their subjective feelings and limited knowledge.Still with Copernicus's theory,most normal people at his time considered it as "ridiculous" and "meaningless" and even thought its author was crazy for with insufficient knowledge and evidence,they had to depend on their direct feelings and incorrect knowledge about the relationship among the earth and the sun and the universe.According to these above,with the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science,people who live at a later time thus obtain more powerful tools and more objective standards to evaluate the greatness of an individual.

Not only can people hold more knowledge that is necessary for judging the greatness of individuals living in a earlier time, but their judgment can not be influenced by the specific circumstance of that time belonging to individuals.It is known that people nowadays can freely present their diversified views on the dictators or tyrants in history.These views generated after these dictators' influence disappeared are more likely to reflect the truth in that critics are no longer threatened by banishing,executing,and the like.In the opposite,their ancestors who lived under the governing of these dictators were to face these threats if they made a voice different from the dictatorial governments and therefore may have to describe those dictators as "great leader" or some other titles like it when they had opportunities to present their views in public.This explains the reason that almost all tyrants or dictators were considered to be "great" at their times and indicates that the evaluation of an individual's contemporaries can be influenced by the circumstance at that time.It is obvious that without affecting by this factor,people living after those individuals are more qualified to judge their greatness.

Admittedly,people who live in a later time can ignore the greatness of some individuals and the significance of their achievement as compared to the time they lived at.As my physics teacher at university said(and I paraphrase):"Some inventions and ideas that helped people solve many problems in the past now have been replaced or proven incorrect.You may think their inventors or authors are not so great,for example,the author of phlogiston theory.But these persons and their achievement were highly praised at their times.And they deserve."This word illustrates that people can often ignore those limited conditions of the former time and therefore might not realize the greatness of some individuals.

In conclusion,people living in a later time are more likely to independently objectively judge the greatness of individuals who belong to a earlier time.This is because not only do the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science help them obtain more tools and standards for judgment,but also the specific circumstance of that time can not influence their evaluation.

[语言上：
感觉can ,not only ---but also用的过多]
[逻辑上：
1。独裁者的例子感觉有些不很恰当，因为从你的陈述看那时的人们并非作出错误评判，而是将其观点保留，或按统治者的观点表达出来，可以说他们思想中的评价是客观的。
2。让步的地方个人认为必要性不是特别迫切，因为我们后人在评价前人取得成就时事实上已经考虑了其所处的时代背景，这也就是所谓的辨证的历史观。
如若不考虑第2二条因素，感觉让步和结尾间衔接有些突兀。]
完全是个人观点，言过之处还请兄台见谅。

Mars3000UID: 198477

There exists a controversial issue that only people who live after individuals rather than their contemporaries can judge their greatness.In my point of view,the judgment of people living at a later time is relatively impersonal and fair-minded in that they can not only hold more knowledge and information to support a comprehensive evaluation but also they can not be influenced by the specific circumstance of the time when the individual lived.not only,but also不平衡

To begin with,living in a later time means people possess more knowledge and information as tools and standards to comprehensively evaluate the individual who lived before them.At the present,people know countless evidence that can justify Copernicus's important theory that the earth is not the center of the universe and consider him to take a very high position in the history of science,not only for his ideas but for his bravery of presenting them at his time when religion governed everything.It is the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science that help people more approach the truth and therefore gradually realize the greatness of individuals who can not be understood and accepted during their times.Without these,contemporaries' evaluation to them can be misled by their subjective feelings and limited knowledge.Still with Copernicus's theory,most normal people at his time considered it as "ridiculous" and "meaningless" and even thought its author was crazy for with insufficient knowledge and evidence,they had to depend on their direct feelings and incorrect knowledge about the relationship among the earth and the sun and the universe.According to these above,with the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science,people who live at a later time thus obtain more powerful tools and more objective standards to evaluate the greatness of an individual.

Not only can people hold more knowledge that is necessary for judging the greatness of individuals living in a earlier time, but their judgment can not be influenced by the specific circumstance of that time belonging to individuals.It is known that people nowadays can freely present their diversified views on the dictators or tyrants in history.These views generated after these dictators' influence disappeared are more likely to reflect the truth in that critics are no longer threatened by banishing,executing,and the like.In the opposite,their ancestors who lived under the governing of these dictators were to face these threats if they made a voice different from the dictatorial governments and therefore may have to describe those dictators as "great leader" or some other titles like it when they had opportunities to present their views in public.This explains the reason that almost all tyrants or dictators were considered to be "great" at their times and indicates that the evaluation of an individual's contemporaries can be influenced by the circumstance at that time.It is obvious that without affecting by this factor,people living after those individuals are more qualified to judge their greatness.

Admittedly,people who live in a later time can ignore the greatness of some individuals and the significance of their achievement as compared to the time they lived at.As my physics teacher at university said(and I paraphrase):"Some inventions and ideas that helped people solve many problems in the past now have been replaced or proven incorrect.You may think their inventors or authors are not so great,for example,the author of phlogiston theory.But these persons and their achievement were highly praised at their times.And they deserve."This word illustrates that people can often ignore those limited conditions of the former time and therefore might not realize the greatness of some individuals.

In conclusion,people living in a later time are more likely to independently objectively judge the greatness of individuals who belong to a earlier time.This is because not only do the increase of knowledge and the improvement of science help them obtain more tools and standards for judgment,but also the specific circumstance of that time can not influence their evaluation.

语言上：
感觉can ,not only ---but also用的过多
逻辑上：
1。独裁者的例子感觉有些不很恰当，因为从你的陈述看那时的人们并非作出错误评判，而是将其观点保留，或按统治者的观点表达出来，可以说他们思想中的评价是客观的。
2。让步的地方个人认为必要性不是特别迫切，因为我们后人在评价前人取得成就时事实上已经考虑了其所处的时代背景，这也就是所谓的辨证的历史观。
如若不考虑第2二条因素，感觉让步和结尾间衔接有些突兀。
完全是个人观点，言过之处还请兄台见谅。

药到病除UID: 196768

谢谢Mars3000，先占坑，我会看得
恩。独裁者这个，原来我想表达的是，在那种舆论环境下，大部分人对统治者不可能有清醒的认识，但是来不及展开写了。再次感谢你指出我这个错误。