[color=#ff0012]3月考的看过来:三月机经难题讨论

xiongyicnUID: 192745

三月机经题我都和一个G友查不错讨论了一下,但苦于我们都是学工科的,并且专业完全一样(CS),思维方式等也差不多,星期一考了,但还有以下题目我们没有解决,同时觉得有一些难度,拿出来和大家一起讨论,我把我们能想到的都写出来,也希望大家能踊跃讨论:

195. "The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but
rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."
政治的目的不应该是追求一种理想，而是寻求共同点和合理的一致。
思路:common ground and reasonable consensus是社会survive的基础,
而pursuuit of an ideal应该是有必要的,指明大的方向:但是觉得不好展开.
同时这两者是否能统一起来,如何统一???有具体例子吗?

170. "The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of
its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its
people."
一个伟大国家最真实的体现不是它的统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就，而是他所有老百姓的普通福利（幸福）。       
思路:我赞成后者,就是一个伟大的标志应该是general welfare,我想从
国家的目的和意义上来说明,但是苦于没有什么例子,并且觉得不太好展开.  (想听听大家的意见)
同时取个平衡的观点,普通的福利好可以促进ruler,artists or scientist等取得较大的成就,

47. "Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on
reasoning and other cognitive skills."
社会对于智力还是重视不够，比如推理和认知的能力。
思路:我觉得社会对于智力过于强调而忽略了emotion intelligence(quotient). 理由不是太多,大家想想

99. "In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or
political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an
idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas
idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate
options."
思路:现实主义的确是survive的基础. 但是后面理"idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate  options"不知道如何去理解,请大家帮忙!! BOW~~~

76. "Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of
step with their time and their society."
真正深刻的思想家和充满创造力的艺术家总是超前于他们所在的时代和社会的。
思路:同意. 但是不知道如何去说明,除了例子的堆砌这个题我没有办法!请大家出手!!BOW~~~

18. "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and
contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that
idea."
只有通过排除异议和对照其他的观点来捍卫一个理念，人们才能真正的发现该理念的价值所在。
思路:同意.
a.通过defend,可以更加深入了解idea,发现他的价值(就如issue1,可以从意见不同者学到更多那样说明)
除了这一点我想不到其他的.

63. "To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define
it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is
distinctly different from your own."
为了真正理解你自己的文化——无论你如何地定义它——都至少需要了解另外一种文化，并且该文化与你自己的文化是截然不同的。
思路:文化,就是一种思维和行为模式(我的观点),你如何来真正理解它呢?需要参照别的完全不一样的文化才能理解?? 真的不知道如何破题!!

218. "In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or
a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."
任何的艺术作品为了有价值，例如电影、文学、雕塑或者歌曲，都必须让大多数人易于理解。

思路:不同意!
a.艺术作品很多时候是个人情感的流露和自然表达,不易被大众所了解.如果如何为了迎合大众,肯定会失去原有的意义.
b.艺术通常源于生活,又高于生活.从这个意义上好的艺术作品经过批评家等的notes,应该可以被多数人理解!
感觉上面两点都不满意,也没什么思路.

以上就想到这么多,思维的确很贫乏,希望大家共同讨论,特别是3月考的朋友!!

鬼谷子UID: 159645

很好的想法，支持一下
一会发我的分析

amorzUID: 1

大家的创意多多啊,也特别谢谢鬼兄弟对大家的帮助:)

猫猫624UID: 171232

195. "The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but
rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."


1  The goal of politics should be the pursuit of an ideal ( general welfare, liberty, equality………) which can be better accomplished in a stable social order.
2  The search for common ground and reasonable consensus, which benefits to form a stable social order, serves as one of necessary means to achieve this pursuit. 3  However, under some circumstances, politics cannot merely seek compromise, but offer constructive political viewpoints.

170. "The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of
its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its
people."

The surest indicator of a great nation lies in not only the achievements of its rulers, artists, and scientists but also general welfare.
1 the achievement and greatness of the political leaders, artists and scientist contribute to the general welfare.
2 however, under some circumstances, people suffer from so-called great achievement, for example, deteriorating environmental pollution caused by so-called technological progress.
3 No body denies general welfare, one of important indicator of a great nation, is the ultimate pursuit of every nation. 将general welfare 内容展开，强大的国家采用立法，合理经济秩序，福利，保险等措施。

47. "Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on
reasoning and other cognitive skills."

In some field of human endeavor, such as art, emotion intelligence take precedence over reasoning and other cognitive skills.
A well-balanced education help form integrated personality of students. ( much juvenile delinquency results from mental problems)

99. "In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or
political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an
idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas
idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate
options."

Idealistic point of view serves to improve people’s enthusiasm, motivation and confidence, which should not be overlooked.
Simpler, more immediate options mean practicability. 和理想相对

76. "Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of
step with their time and their society."

In history, many great thinker and creative artist were neglected or even suffer from persecution.
However, there are more great thinkers who receive recognition in their time of society.

18. "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and
contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that
idea."

Aside from defending an idea against the doubts and contrasting views, selective absorption serves as one necessary method, for the reason that any idea could be completely correct from every perspective.

63. "To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define
it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is
distinctly different from your own."

Knowledge of anther different culture helps question some thoughts and behaviors which is taken for granted in their own culture. In the global age, people are easier to understand their own culture.
Comparison serves as important but not prerequisite means to understand one’s own culture.

218. "In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or
a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."

Some types of artic works, aiming at diversion and entertainment, such as film, popular songs call for understanding and acceptance from average people.’

Others works of art, such as literature, sculpture, are valued as aesthetic worth, which may not be understandable to most people.

True works of art are likely accepted by descendents, even not by contemporaries.

鬼谷子UID: 159645

被和尚哥哥表扬了，哈哈。

195. "The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but
rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."
政治的目的不应该是追求一种理想，而是寻求共同点和合理的一致。
思路:common ground and reasonable consensus是社会survive的基础,
而pursuuit of an ideal应该是有必要的,指明大的方向:但是觉得不好展开.
同时这两者是否能统一起来,如何统一???有具体例子吗?

【其实我认为，共产，民主，这些概念都是ideal，可以把它定义为社会的终极目标，这就可以从几个方面来谈了：一，为了人民，这样的ideal是必要的，因为，只有树立了这样的ideal并为之努力，人民的生活才会越来越好，越来越进步，追求共同幸福这一点上面ideal（I）和:common ground and reasonable consensus（C）应该是一致的。二，对于社会的发展来说，如果没有一个ideal，只看脚下的话是不会进步的。这个可以把I和C分开说，就像你说的C是基础，是社会稳定的基础，而I就可以说是社会发展的动力了，都是必要的。三，I对于统治的必要，有这样的I才会让人民追随，历代的国家都是如此建立的，都是以一个I来吸引民众的支持，而对于守成来说也是必要的。可以用一个遥远的I来让民众忽视现有的不合理现象等等，此点与宗教相似。

当然，以上的也都可以取反而选择C。

另外，我觉得如果把politics的目的提前定义一下，而且定义到两者之外比较好写一点，容易将两者结合。】

170. "The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of
its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its
people."

一个伟大国家最真实的体现不是它的统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就，而是他所有老百姓的普通福利（幸福）。
思路:我赞成后者,就是一个伟大的标志应该是general welfare,我想从
国家的目的和意义上来说明,但是苦于没有什么例子,并且觉得不太好展开. (想听听大家的意见)
同时取个平衡的观点,普通的福利好可以促进ruler,artists or scientist等取得较大的成就,

【首先要定义的是伟大，如果你定义的伟大是对于历史创造的价值的话，那么就选择反对的观点。艺术品，科学成就是最能显示这种伟大的东西，而且，你可以说，只有这些东西会在历史中保留，老百姓的福利又有谁会知道。

如果定义为对于国家的管理和建设和人民生活保障方面。那么就赞同题目，举出很多的艺术品建筑实际上只是为了满足少数有权阶级而剥削人民所得，根本不是伟大的证据，而是残酷的证明。比如金字塔，比如，阿房宫。而如果保证了人民的幸福生活的话，即使没有艺术和科学的成就也是伟大的，汤施仁政，七十里而有天下？？别的例子没想到呢。。。。

或者平衡，两方面说，都显示了伟大，但是是从不同的角度来显示。】



47. "Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on
reasoning and other cognitive skills."
社会对于智力还是重视不够，比如推理和认知的能力。
思路:我觉得社会对于智力过于强调而忽略了emotion intelligence(quotient). 理由不是太多,大家想想

【其实例子挺多的，教育中的死记硬背。很多考试，尤其文科的，注重的实际是记忆，而不是理解。从大的方面，很多被社会所认同的考试所考察的实际是记忆力而不是理解能力。比如：GRE背单词:eek:哈哈，开玩笑。可以这么说，很多公司要求的是经验，很多职业要求的也是经验，那么，这个经验是什么呢？就是对于发生过的情况的记忆而已。或者说，人与人交往中，普遍的对于记忆力好的，知识背的多的滔滔不绝的人表示欣赏。而实际上分析理解能力被忽略等等。可以从各个角度来说的，我觉得例子还不少】

99. "In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or
political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an
idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas
idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate
options."
思路:现实主义的确是survive的基础. 但是后面理"idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options"不知道如何去理解,请大家帮忙!! BOW~~~

【首先回答你的问题，那句的意思是理想化的观点趋于被更简单直接的选择取代。
然后说我的分析，题目已经提示出分领域的问题了，而分领域写我觉得会让这个题目简单一些。
Pragmatic指的就是能否实现，能否赚钱，所以说保证了生存，那么，如果都去赚钱了，谁来为了理想为了尚未成功的研究，为了社会更好的未来而努力，然后，可以根据题目的论点推出一个ridiculous conclusion。Only也是一个反驳点，可以由此入手来平衡一个，然后说两方面都贡献于成功，不是only。而succeed本身需要定义，一个人赚钱了，存活了，是不是成功？为了理想为了更大的目标更大的利益而努力，算不算成功？practical和idealistic也需要定义。可以切入的点还是不少的】

76. "Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of
step with their time and their society."
真正深刻的思想家和充满创造力的艺术家总是超前于他们所在的时代和社会的。
思路:同意. 但是不知道如何去说明,除了例子的堆砌这个题我没有办法!请大家出手!!BOW~~~


【truly profound和highly creative 就说明了问题，正因此，所以他们想的更多，想的更远，他们的思想是超出一般人的理解的，超出时代的范围的。Profound指深度，太深了人们当然就不能理解了，creative是创新，太新了当然就不是同时代能够理解的了。另一方面，时代的局限性，没有很科学的方法，没有很严谨的态度，没有很包容的胸怀，所以，无法理解或者正确理解这些伟人的思想。（说着说着像36了）而只有后人，有更科学的方法，更严谨的态度，更包容的胸怀，所以能够理解这些思想，于是就证明他们的思想是超时代的。】

18. "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and
contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that
idea."
只有通过排除异议和对照其他的观点来捍卫一个理念，人们才能真正的发现该理念的价值所在。
思路:同意.
a.通过defend,可以更加深入了解idea,发现他的价值(就如issue1,可以从意见不同者学到更多那样说明)
除了这一点我想不到其他的.

【记得谁发了一个相关的辩论赛的资料来着，一会我去找找。
其实这个跟issue1差不多，只不过是把讨论升级了。从两方面证明：一，你周围都是赞同意见甚至奉承的人，你无法发现问题缺点错误，无法进步，无法发现真理，你的理念不可能完善和正确。二，通过激烈（forced to defend已经很激烈了）的辩论你会发现自己理论的问题，进而改正，也会发现他人理论的优点，进而吸取，没有一个理论是不通过交流而产生的。最后可以让步，反对的太激烈了也不好。】

63. "To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define
it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is
distinctly different from your own."
为了真正理解你自己的文化——无论你如何地定义它——都至少需要了解另外一种文化，并且该文化与你自己的文化是截然不同的。
思路:文化,就是一种思维和行为模式(我的观点),你如何来真正理解它呢?需要参照别的完全不一样的文化才能理解?? 真的不知道如何破题!!

【首先定义什么是truly understand，我觉得这个题目赞同的倾向是很大的。如果说truly的话，我觉得就需要知道优缺点。就需要比较。另外，你也可以引申到所有的学习和理解上面都需要比较的问题。不比较，井底之蛙，你认为好的可能实际是坏的，你认为无价值的反而可能是珍贵的，无法truly。比较了，优缺点历历在目，真正明白了自己的文化。】

218. "In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or
a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."
任何的艺术作品为了有价值，例如电影、文学、雕塑或者歌曲，都必须让大多数人易于理解。

思路:不同意!
a.艺术作品很多时候是个人情感的流露和自然表达,不易被大众所了解.如果如何为了迎合大众,肯定会失去原有的意义.
b.艺术通常源于生活,又高于生活.从这个意义上好的艺术作品经过批评家等的notes,应该可以被多数人理解!
感觉上面两点都不满意,也没什么思路.

【merit是什么，定义，是艺术价值的话就反对题目，再定义艺术，艺术本身就是一种作者个人的灵感与冲动的驱使下对于取材于现实的资料的以符合自己情感和思想的方法重组与再创造，一般人能理解才怪呢。然后各种例子。如果merit定义为赚钱，那还是让大家都明白比较好。】

xiongyicnUID: 192745

非常感谢猫猫的提纲,对于猫猫的提纲,我再补充一些自己的想法
195. "The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but
rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."


1 The goal of politics should be the pursuit of an ideal ( general welfare, liberty, equality………) which can be better accomplished in a stable social order.

2 The search for common ground and reasonable consensus, which benefits to form a stable social order, serves as one of necessary means to achieve this pursuit. 猫猫认为common ground和reasonable concensus应该符合于追求理想,我也觉得这点比较好,美国的民主,共和两党之间其实就是一直在consensus,但是他们都是基于对民主和平等的追求(没有民主和平等,两个党如何达到妥协呢?

3 However, under some circumstances, politics cannot merely seek compromise, but offer constructive political viewpoints.


170. "The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of
its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its
people."

The surest indicator of a great nation lies in not only the achievements of its rulers, artists, and scientists but also general welfare.not only...but also,也就是二者没有轻重,都是伟大国家的表征?
1 the achievement and greatness of the political leaders, artists and scientist contribute to the general welfare.伟大的成就可以促进general welfare,这里比较好展开!~BOW
2 however, under some circumstances, people suffer from so-called great achievement, for example, deteriorating environmental pollution caused by so-called technological progress. 我觉得这里说的伟大的achievement提到环境等问题有些牵强,这些achievement是人类共同的,不是个别ruler,artist, scientist,不过觉得也能说过去
3 No body denies general welfare, one of important indicator of a great nation, is the ultimate pursuit of every nation. 将general welfare 内容展开，强大的国家采用立法，合理经济秩序，福利，保险等措施。

这个题按照猫猫的提纲,我觉得position换一下更好写一点,伟大国家的表征就是general welfare,因为(1)the achievement从根本上说也是serve for the purpose of general welfare,(2)而环境那个提纲可以作为反面支撑这个观点.就是虽然some scientists achieve some innovation, but the side effects from these achievements destroy the general welfare , which shoulb be rejected by the public and the whole society

47. "Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on
reasoning and other cognitive skills."

In some field of human endeavor, such as art, emotion intelligence take precedence over reasoning and other cognitive skills.
A well-balanced education help form integrated personality of students. ( much juvenile delinquency results from mental problems)
猫猫的提纲很有新意,不过如果第二点讲得太多有跑题的嫌疑,得到结尾拉回来.因为题目是一个"事实性"的论述,而不是"should"的.

99. "In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or
political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an
idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas
idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate
options."

Idealistic point of view serves to improve people’s enthusiasm, motivation and confidence, which should not be overlooked.
Simpler, more immediate options mean practicability. 和理想相对

76. "Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of
step with their time and their society."

In history, many great thinker and creative artist were neglected or even suffer from persecution.
However, there are more great thinkers who receive recognition in their time of society.
难道这个题只能成为事实的堆砌

18. "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and
contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that
idea."

Aside from defending an idea against the doubts and contrasting views, selective absorption selective sbsorption是很好的supplement,不怕没话说了.呵呵,什么交叉学科搞出一大堆serves as one necessary method, for the reason that any idea could少了一个not be completely correct from every perspective.

63. "To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define
it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is
distinctly different from your own."

Knowledge of anther different culture helps question some thoughts and behaviors which is taken for granted in their own culture. In the global age, people are easier to understand their own culture.
Comparison serves as important but not prerequisite means to understand one’s own culture.昨晚又和一个同学讨论了这个,的确是这样,除了对比,还有很多方式了解自己的文化


218. "In order for any work of art—whether film, literature, sculpture, or
a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."

Some types of artic works, aiming at diversion and entertainment, such as film, popular songs call for understanding and acceptance from average people.’

Others works of art, such as literature, sculpture, are valued as aesthetic worth, which may not be understandable to most people.

True works of art are likely accepted by descendents, even not by contemporaries.

再次谢谢猫猫,BOW~
希望大家考试都顺利,搞定ETS

xiongyicnUID: 192745

谢谢鬼,的确是个好版版!!BOW~

猫猫624UID: 171232

鬼兄,我对你的47提纲有异议
other cogitive skills involve thinking remembering learning or using language.(cited from MW)
已经包括了记忆.

xiongyicnUID: 192745

我比较同意猫猫的看法,intelligence我觉得不是机械记忆,包括逻辑和认知,我觉得它的对立面应该是emotional intelligence,而EI的意义网上还是能搜出一大堆!

鬼谷子UID: 159645

从广义来说，那就都包括了啊，不是没有反面的了？
我觉得定义好了就可以了，否则就算你要写正面，那么多的内容500～600字怎么能写完呢？
而且，我说的记忆可以强调为死记硬背哦。
anyway，我的只是建议，大家筛选的用。

鬼谷子UID: 159645

我说的记忆是理解能力的反面，这个xiongyicn同学好像看错了，你说的emotional我同意的，嗯，刚才没有仔细看，这个确实可以做为反面的。而看你的提纲，是反对观点，是说社会对于智力的强调已经足够而且过度，对于emontional 忽略了，是does not问题的引申了。我觉得重点还是应该放在does还是not上面的。就是说，如果你说社会给予智力足够的重视了，那么，why？给出理由和例子，然后，再去引申，说实际上是忽略了emotional。这样会好一点。

xiongyicnUID: 192745

同意鬼鬼,的确应该是社会如何去忽略是重点,如果这里没有抓住,而对于emotional intelligence的论述一大堆,可能真的跑题了.谢谢鬼的提醒!

cathy_liaoUID: 197996

关于47
我也赞成观点:我们现在的社会对智力强调的过多,而对合作意识,情商强调太少.
可不可以这样列提纲:
1.社会对智力已给了足够强调.从我们现在的对教育的重视可以看出来. 不过怎么说,现在的教育还是将知识的传授放在首位,而知识的理解很多时候靠的是用推理等认识能力去把握.
2. 合作意是识的培养很大程度上是靠个人的反思而不是社会强调的结果
3. 社会对于情商所给的重视更少,因为它们的价值很难被意识并量化而且难以通过教育去培养.及其危害

请各位大牛给一下指点!