[i习作temp] issue 51 + argu 145 第一次计时摸考大家帮帮忙吧 [复制链接]

flyingdragon
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电梯直达

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发表于 2005-3-23 18:56:26 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

issue 计时写完了，可没时间改，这是后来把拼写错误改了之后的
argu计时最后一段差两句没写完，这是后来补上的，并且修改了拼写错误。

大家给点意见吧，不行简单的估计一下分也行，至少让我心里有个数，拜托拜托！最近心里有些发慌了。。。。。。

51. "Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."
教育只有被专门设计来满足每一个学生个人需求和兴趣的时候才是真正有效率的。

Nowadays there is a discussion on the topic of how could education be more effective. Based on different ways of consideration, some argue that education could be truly effective only when it is specially designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student while others may find this recommendation useless. As far as I am concerned, though I concede the importance of respecting the needs and interests of each student, I find the former assertion, which is also the author's opinion, not only impractical but also harmful to the growth of students for the reasons I would state below.

Admittedly, considering the difference among students, it demands education to meet the needs of every student in order to fulfill the intention of education. As the saying goes, "It is impossible to find two leaves that are absolutely the same". Similarly, different student may be distinct in many aspects such as the interest in particular subjects, the ability to learn new knowledge or something else. If these differences are not taken into account when setting the curriculum, it is possible that some students may find the courses boring while some others may find them too abstract to learn. In this case, the result may not be what we want.

However, although I admit that it is necessary to meet different student’s needs, I find it impractical in most areas. In some highly developed areas where the resources are so abundant that we may invest sufficient money and human efforts to set various courses and activities to meet the needs of each students, it is possible and necessary to do this. Meanwhile, we cannot neglect the situations of most areas where it is impossible to provide so much money and efforts to education, especially when considering that even the basic needs such as food and places to live are not satisfied, how can we say we must make every efforts to meet the needs of each students?

What's more, I disagree with the recommendation doubting that its result may not be as certifiable as the author has expected. As is known to all, such core courses as mathematics, character, morality education and some others are so important for everyone's future life and study that we must require every students to learn them. Were they allowed to choose any courses just according to their own needs and interest, it is entirely possible that they don't want to study these subjects. In this way they would become narrower and narrower in their study the effects of education might not be as good as the author expects, which is of course not the intention of education.

Taking into account all that I have discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that in spite of the importance of meeting the needs and interests of each student, it is not only difficult but also noneffective(?不知道该用什么单词好) to apply the author's recommendation into practice. What we can to is to set a well designed curriculum for most students as well as have some additional courses that may partly meet some students' needs.

145. A new study collected data that shows that people who snore are more likely to gain weight than are people who do not snore. It is well known that many people who snore also stop breathing frequently during the night for a few seconds, a condition called sleep apnea. The interruption of breathing wakes the person—often so briefly that the waking goes unnoticed—and can leave the person too tired during the day to exercise. Anyone who snores, therefore, should try to eat less than the average person and to exercise more.

In the analysis above the arguer cited a study which shows that people who snore are more likely to gain weight as well as a so-called well-known fact that people who snore would stop breath frequently and because of this they would be too tired during the day to exercise, thus the arguer drew the conclusion that anyone who snores should try to eat less than the average and exercise more. Though seems reasonable at a first glance, the conclusion in fact relies on some unsubstantiated assumptions that render it unpersuasive.

To begin with, the most serious problem with the conclusion may be the credibility of the study. How is the study carried out? What are its samples? Is the method correct when doing the study? As the arguer failed to provide any information about the study I would stay unconvinced with the result. What's more, even it is taken out with scientific method, we have no reason to believe the casual relationship between snore and getting weight. Perhaps there are some other reasons that cause people who snore to get weight, or perhaps it is fat people who are more likely to snore. In a word, without further evidence to show the cause and effect relationship between them, it lend no help to the author's conclusion.

Secondly, the assumption that people who have interruption of breathing during night would be too tired during the day to exercise has nothing to bolster it. It is entirely possible that they are tired because they have worked too hard. Especially considering that the interruption of breathing is often so briefly that it goes unnoticed. So without sufficient evidence to show that it is the interruption of breathing that makes one tired during the day, the arguer's conclusion remains doubtful.

Even if all that I said is well bolstered by clear evidence, I find the augur's conclusion unreasonable. If it is true that people who snore would gain weight and be too tired to exercise in the day, then what they need is not less food and more exercise, but a good rest. The arguer failed to explain the reason of the conclusion which makes it unconvincing.

Summed up, careful examination of the study and assumptions provided by the arguer reveals that they lend no help to substantiate the author’s conclusion. To support the conclusion, the arguer needs to provide detailed evidence of the study and through some method to prove the fact that it is the interruption of breath that make people tired during the day. And to make the conclusion more persuasive, the arguer may have to further explain the reason why he or she think eating less food and do more exercise is necessary for a person who snores.