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Argument202 ------摘要------
共用时间:34分59秒 502 words
从2005年2月28日19时52分到2005年2月28日20时34分
------题目------
Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.
------正文------
In this argument the author states that large mammals species in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct about 4,000 years ago, but it is not because the human arrival. To prove this, the author cites the evidence of findings of numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded but none of the mammals' bones.
However, this view is so weakly supported that I could not be convinced.
Firstly, Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago must have influenced the environment there greatly, while the author has tried to show us the little importance of it. As is well known, the species including plants and animals there in the Kaliko Islands had peacefully existed before the arrival of human beings. Humans, as a common species, would join in the food chain of this area and that is to say the former balance was disrupted since then. Considering it is 7,000 years then, the humans at that time might not so developed to fight against any species of the world, so it is truly possible that they did not had any significant contact with the mammals. But, the significant influence they did to the food chain there and the environment there should not be neglected and the large mammals became extinct just because of these reasons.
Secondly, although archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, and found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, it is still too hasty to say the humans then cannot have hunted the mammals. Humans then would find anything to fill their stomach to survive and you can never overlook the thirty of humans then for a life. Animals in the water or in the forest or even those which flying in the sky could all be their food. No large mammals' bone is found today dose not fully substantiate that humans could not hunt them and maybe their bones then were valuable for humans surviving for other necessary usage, for example, ivories were usually used by Eskimos to support their huts which were covered with animal furs. And fish bones might be useless so they were deserted and buried.
Finally, the author has failed to provide other factors that might have influences on the extinction of the large mammals there, although they might be not so important. But those evidence could strengthen the importance of human impact. It is possible that many other factors were induced because of the appearance of humans then. Admittedly, great changes in climate might really threaten the existence of many species and it is a possible inducement of the extinction of large mammals then.
In sum, this argument is unconvincing as it stands. To strengthen it more evidence should be supported to describe the impact of the humans to the whole islands and the food chain there should be deeply studied for more information. Also, such information about the climate there thousands years ago should be precious. |
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