Anticipation-----GRE阅读的最佳感觉

liulin12369UID：2112878

什么电子版，下不了呀~~是一个网站~！

esmeirasUID：202885

啊呀呀呀...~~~~公德无量公德无量  

;P;P

ginachuUID：2122079

高境界啊
要好好向楼主学习！

ouymUID：2109118

今天我也学楼主的样分析了一篇，下午把它发上来，请楼主点评！
是不是大家也一起来分析呀，不要只看不练呀！我觉得楼主的做法极好，必定能考出好成绩！楼主万岁！:lol呵呵，有点拍马屁的嫌疑！不过，还是要对楼主表示由衷的敬佩！

zmmaryUID：2105117

经xiaowenzi118推荐过来的，正要仔细看，谢谢！：）

yaoniecatUID：2107647

好下功夫啊～～～

zmmaryUID：2105117

看过了，不错不错。

ouymUID：2109118

这篇是我先在书上做，然后敲进电脑里的，好费时啊！
文章的结构很清晰。可惜的是，解题技巧对于这篇文章的用处似乎不大！也许是我做的不够多的缘故吧！一定要多做几篇，多分析几篇。坚信熟能生巧！
阅读过程中有些问题，希望能得到高人指点！

The deep sea typically has a sparse fauna dominated by tiny worms and crustaceans, with an even sparser distribution of larger animals. (背景知识)However, （转折，预示其后面的话将是本文的主题）near hydrothermal vents, areas of the ocean where warm water emerges from subterranean sources, live remarkable densities of huge clams, blind crabs, and fish.（第1段有三个对比：typical deep sea---near hydrothermal vents; sparse---remarkable densities; tiny---huge）

Most deep-sea faunas rely for food on particulate matter, ultimately derived form photosynthesis, falling from above. (仍然是背景知识)The food supplies necessary to sustain the large vent communities, however, must be many times the ordinary fallout.（在此出现转折，此句是本段的主题） The first reports describing（提示：现象解释型） vent faunas proposed two possible sources of nutrition: bacterial chemosynthesis,（key words） production of food by bacteria using energy derived from chemical changes, and advection,（key words） the drifting of food materials from surrounding regions. Later,（时间，重要！前面讲道理，后面摆事实！） evidence in support of the idea of intense local chemosynthesis was accumulated: hydrogen sulfide（keywords） was found in vent water; many vent-site bacteria were found to be capable of chemosynthesis; and extremely large concentrations of bacteria were found in samples of vent water thought to be pure. This final（敏感词！） observation seemed decisive. If such astonishing concentrations of bacteria were typical of vent outflow, then food within the vent would dwarf（对这个词不理解！！） any contribution from advection. Hence, the widely(敏感词！) quoted conclusion was reached that bacterial chemosynthesis provides the foundation for hydrothermal-vent food chains-an exciting prospect because no other communities on Earth are independent of photosynthesis.（这最后两句，if….Hence…，是不是想出一个改善题之类的呢？！）（本段的结构很清晰：背景知识－主题句－解释－结论，关键词：chemosynthesis；advection；hydrogen sulfide）

There are, however, certain difficulties with this interpretation.（又一个转折，说明上一段的解释存在问题！） For example, some of the large sedentary organisms associated with vents are also found at ordinary deep-sea temperatures many meters from the nearest hydrothermal sources.（问题1，关键词：ordinary deep－sea） This suggests that bacterial chemosynthesis is not a sufficient source of nutrition for these creatures.（问题1的结论！） Another difficulty is that similarly dense populations of large deep-sea animals have been found in the proximity of “smokers”-vents where water emerges at temperatures up to 350℃. No bacteria can survive such heat, and no bacteria were found there.（问题2，关键词：smokers，no bacteria） Unless smokers are consistently located near more hospitable warm-water vents, chemosynthesis can account for only a fraction of the vent faunas（unless的出现，会不会又来个改善题呢？！）. It is conceivable, however, that these large, sedentary organisms do in fact feed on bacteria that grow in warm-water vents, rise in the vent water, and then rain in peripheral areas to nourish animals living some distance from the warm-water vents.（这最后一句，我倒是知道它的意思，但不知道它在本段中起啥子作用！望高人指点！幸甚！）（本段的结构：首先一个转折过渡，提出对上一段解释的质疑――举例说明。关键词：ordinary deep－sea；smokers，no bacteria）

Nonetheless advection is a more likely alternative food source.（主题句！advection是第2段里的一个key words！这么看起来，第3段主要针对第一个key words，有点象总分结构！） Research has demonstrated that advective flow, which originates near the surface of the ocean where suspended particulate matter accumulates, transports some of that matter and water to the vents. Estimates suggest that for every cubic meter of vent discharge, 350 milligrams of particulate organic material would be advected into the vent area. Thus, for an average-sized vent, advection could provide more than 30 kilograms of potential food per day. In addition, it is likely that small live animals in the advected water might be killed or stunned by thermal and/or chemical shock, thereby contributing to the food supply of vents.

注：红色选项为正确答案！
1.        The passage provides information for answering which of the following questions?
(a)        What causes warm-water vents to form?
(b)        Do vent faunas consume more than do deep-sea faunas of similar size?
(c)        What role does hydrogen sulfide play in chemosynthesis?
(d)        What accounts for the locations of deep-sea smokers?
(e)        Do bacteria live in the vent water of smokers?尽管这道题很简单，但我最烦这种题目了。它要求读者了解文中每一个细节！不知道哪位有什么好办法没有？！

2.        The information in the passage suggests that the majority of deep-sea faunas that live in nonvent habitats have which of the following characteristics?（这是文章第1段中的3个对比！这里考了两个：went---nonvent; tiny---huge）
(a)        They do not normally feed on particles of food in water.
(b)        They are smaller than many vent faunas.
(c)        They are predators.
(d)        They derive nutrition from a chemosynthetic food source.
(e)        They congregate around a single main food source.

3.        The primary purpose of the passage is to (这是主题题吧！)
(a)        describe a previously known natural phenomenon
(b)        reconstruct the evolution of a natural phenomenon
(c)        establish unequivocally the accuracy of a hypothesis
(d)        survey explanations for a natural phenomenon and determine which is best supported by evidence（现象解释型）
(e)        entertain criticism of the author’s research and provide an effective response

4.        Which of the following does the author cite as a weakness in the argument that bacterial chemosynthesis provides the foundation for the food chains at deep-sea vents?
(a)        Vents are colonized by some of the same animals found in other areas of the ocean floor.(这时第3段里的问题1)
(b)        Vent water does not contain sufficient quantities of hydrogen sulfide.
(c)        Bacteria cannot produce large quantities of food quickly enough.
(d)        Large concentrations of minerals are found in went water.
(e)        Some bacteria found in the vents are incapable of chemosynthesis.

5.        Which of the following is information supplied in the passage that would support the statement that the food supplies necessary to sustain vent communities must be many times that of ordinary fallout?
I.Large vent faunas move from vent to vent in search of food.
II.Vent faunas are not able to consume food produced by photosynthesis
III.Vents are more densely populated than are other deep-sea areas.（这是文章第1段中的对比！）
(a)I only
(b) III only
(c) I and II only
(d)II and III only
(e)I, II, III
这道题我是通过排除法做的。

6.        The author refers to “smokers”(line 38) most probably in order to （这道题有明确的定位，比较简单！）
(a)        show how thermal shock can provide food for some vent faunas by stunning small animals
(b)        prove that the habitat of most deep-sea animals is limited to warm-water vents
(c)        explain how bacteria carry out chemosynthesis
(d)        demonstrate how advection compensates for the lack of food sources on the seafloor
(e)        present evidence that bacterial chemosynthesis may be an inadequate source of food for some vent faunas

7.        Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the particulate matter that is carried down from the surface of the ocean?
(a)        It is the basis of bacterial chemosynthesis in the vents
(b)        It may provide an important source of nutrition for vent faunas （这是最后一段的内容！）
(c)        It may cause the internal temperature of the vents to change significantly
(d)        It is transported as large aggregates of particles
(e)        It contains hydrogen sulfide.

[ Last edited by ouym on 2005-9-11 at 15:55 ]

wineyreUID：2106739

先回贴,看贴不回不是好习惯~~
呵呵,MKB加油啊~~
可惜我的水平还很次,水平好一点也来写~~

mkb57288UID：2105771

Originally posted by ouym at 2005-9-11 15:53
这篇是我先在书上做，然后敲进电脑里的，好费时啊！
文章的结构很清晰。可惜的是，解题技巧对于这篇文章的用处似乎不大！也许是我做的不够多的缘故吧！一定要多做几篇，多分析几篇。坚信熟能生巧！
...

你选的这片确实不是很难的文章，不过这样的话也可以连以下技巧啊，自己会感到对答案很有把握的，另外自己做的话不用很麻烦的去把那些潜意识里的东西都写出来，画一笔也行只要加强自己的感觉的锻炼就可以了，谢谢你支持，欢迎参加阅读的同主题
详见一楼

cxlbread84UID：184012

多谢分享拉

mkb57288UID：2105771

今天下午来开no.5的贴子,希望大家多支持,上午是不行了,一点半的tutorial一百多页淉本现在看了不到一半

xiaowenzi118UID：202887

还好那个没做，我也来凑个热闹:o
不过不太理想，用了12‘27’‘，错了两个，25和26。呆会想通了再贴上来，先看看其它的吧。


The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unlimited energy source, but until recently commercial retrieval has been limited to underground hot water and/or steam recovery systems. （看到这里我后面的就不想看下去了，无非是解释这句话吧，略读。觉得这句应该是TS）These systems have been developed in areas of recent volcanic activity, where high rates of heat flow cause visible eruption of water in the form of geysers and hot springs. In other areas, however, hot rock also exists near the surface but there is insufficient water present to produce eruptive phenomena. Thus a potential hot dry rock (HDR) reservoir exists whenever the amount of spontaneously produced geothermal fluid has been judged inadequate for existing commercial systems.
As a result of recent energy crisis, new concepts for creating HDR recovery systems—which involve drilling holes and connecting them to artificial reservoirs placed deep within the crust—are being developed. （看来时来运转了么，有新方法了）In all attempts to retrieve energy from HDR’s, artificial stimulation will be required to create either sufficient permeability or bounded flow paths to facilitate the removal of heat by circulation of a fluid over the surface of the rock.
The HDR resource base is generally defined to included crustal rock that is hotter than 150℃, is at depths less than ten kilometers, and can be drilled with presently available equipment. Although wells deeper than ten kilometers are technically feasible, prevailing economic factors will obviously determine the commercial feasibility of wells at such depths. Rock temperatures as low as 100℃ may be useful for space heating; however, for producing electricity, temperatures greater than 200℃ are desirable.
The geothermal gradient（G划一下）, which specifically determines the depth of drilling required to reach a desired temperature, is a major factor in the recoverability of geothermal resources. Temperature gradient maps generated from oil and gas well temperature-depth records kept by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists suggest that tappable high-temperature gradients are distributed all across the United States. (There are many areas, however, for which no temperature gradient records exist.)
Indications are that the HDR resource base is very large. （同样，看了这句话，后面只是为了证明这一点，全略）If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 22℃ per kilometer of depth is used, a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B.T.U.’s of total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock to a ten-kilometer depth in the United States. If we conservatively estimate that only about 0.2 percent is recoverable, we find a total of all the coal remaining in the United States. The remaining problem（problem似乎经常考到，还是要画一下的） is to balance the economics of deeper, hotter, more costly wells and shallower, cooler, less expensive wells against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat.
21.        The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) alert readers to the existence of HDR’s as an available energy source
(B) document the challengers that have been surmounted in the effort to recover energy from HDR’s
(C) warn the users of coal and oil that HDR’s are not an economically feasible alternative
(D) encourage the use of new techniques for the recovery of energy from underground hot water and steam
(E) urge consumers to demand quicker development of HDR resources for the production of energy

定位TS，focus为HDR

22.        The passage would be most likely to appear in a
(A) petrological research report focused on the history of temperature-depth records in the United States
(B) congressional report urging the conservation of oil and natural gas reserves in the United States
(C) technical journal article concerned with the recoverability of newly identified energy sources
(D) consumer report describing the extent and accessibility of remaining coal resources
(E) pamphlet designed to introduce homeowners to the advantages of HDR space-heating systems
竖着看，本文是介绍一种新能源，肯定是科技文

23.        According the passage, an average geothermal gradient of 22℃ per kilometer of depth can be used to
(A) balance the economics of HDR energy retrieval against that of underground hot water or steam recovery systems
(B) determine the amount of energy that will used for space heating in the United States
(C) provide comparisons between hot water and HDR energy sources in United States
(D) revise the estimates on the extent of remaining coal resources in the United States
(E) estimate the total HDR resource base in the United States

由22℃定位，estimate，词都没换

24.        It can be inferred from the passage that the availability of temperature-depth records for any specific area in the United States depends primarily on the
(A) possibility that HDR’s may be found in that area
(B) existence of previous attempts to obtain oil or gas in that area
(C) history of successful hot water or steam recovery efforts in that area
(D) failure of inhabitants to conserve oil gas reserves in that area
(E) use of coal as a substitute for oil or gas in that area

由 temperature-depth records定位，找有oil and gas的选项

25.        According to the passage, in all HDR recovery systems fluid will be necessary in order to allow
(A) sufficient permeability
(B) artificial stimulation
(C) drilling of holes
(D) construction of reservoirs
(E) transfer of heat
26.        According to the passage, if the average geothermal gradient in an area is 22℃ per kilometer of depth, which of the following can be reliably predicted?
I.        The temperature at the base of a 10-kilometer well will be sufficient for the production of electricity.
II.        Drilling of wells deeper than 10 kilometers will be economically feasible.
III.        Insufficient water is present to produce eruptive phenomena.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

这两题错了，看来我看文章太hasty了，好好分析了再来改:O
27.        Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
(A) Energy from Water Sources: The Feasibility of Commercial Systems
(B) Geothermal Energy Retrieval: Volcanic Activity and Hot Dry Rocks
(C) Energy Underground: Geothermal Sources Give Way to Fossil Fuels
(D) Tappable Energy for America’s Future: Hot Dry Rocks
(E) High Geothermal Gradients in the United States: Myth or Reality?

title，找有focus HDR的，D，  B里虽然也有，无缘无故多了个Volcanic Activity

觉得自己现在看文章越来越hasty了，所以文章内的细节考点常常会忽略，因此常常会发现定位困难，时间上得不偿失。看来还要好好修炼。:@

重看了一下两道做错的题：

25.        According to the passage, in all HDR recovery systems fluid will be necessary in order to allow
(A) sufficient permeability
(B) artificial stimulation
(C) drilling of holes
(D) construction of reservoirs
(E) transfer of heat

这题我用all定位，一下子选了B，重看了一下，发现fluid前还有一个by，答案应该在那一句里，就是by前面的removal of heart，看来就是找到定位也要好好分析才行呀，不然前功尽弃。:@

26.        According to the passage, if the average geothermal gradient in an area is 22℃ per kilometer of depth, which of the following can be reliably predicted?
I.        The temperature at the base of a 10-kilometer well will be sufficient for the production of electricity.
II.        Drilling of wells deeper than 10 kilometers will be economically feasible.
III.        Insufficient water is present to produce eruptive phenomena.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

这一题我第一次做的时间太长了，觉得其它题都很简单，就这题比较烦。应该是没找准定位的问题。一开始又定到22℃那里了，所以什么都没找到还浪费时间。后来好不容易看到三段最后一句就把I.给排除了，因为好多都没读，找起来麻烦，这题开始竟花了超过2分钟。
重做了一下，发现还是可以用温度定位，只有两段出现了温度，第三段Although那句话其实就是这一题的II选项的定位。把这个选项排除了，就只剩一个答案了，其它看都不用看。
当然，这种方法有点取巧了，看看III.，用段落定位，water不是该段的内容，排除。
不过I.这个答案似乎还是不太明白怎么得出的，似乎是由后面的内容推出来的。

[ Last edited by xiaowenzi118 on 2005-9-12 at 16:26 ]

mkb57288UID：2105771

我们中的很多人都不怕段阅读，但实际上短阅读的信息密度和长阅读是差不多的
只是短时间内我们可以集中精力
所以在作长阅读的时候只要随时梳理自己的思路，不要让他陷入混乱就可以了

Smile_IreneUID：198388

真实好贴！
我阅读特慢，除了练习还有什么要注意的么？