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TSE 备战要点-摘自东方光盘 [复制链接]

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发表于 2006-4-5 21:41:37 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
(TSE)动词时态的比较和使用
正确使用时态能反映一个人的英语基本功。一方面中国学生花很多时间来研究动词时态,而另一方面中国学生在写作上和口语表达上经常犯动词时态的错误。我认为出错的最主要原因是缺乏口头和笔头上的“大量练习”,其次是对容易混淆的动词时态之间缺乏透彻的比较。下文中将比较“多对”容易混淆的时态,从中总结出各种时态所运用的条件,了解各种时态的区别,其目的是让你在比较之中掌握每一时态的运用,至少使你不犯太简单的语法错误,如:He go shopping last week.这也是掌握动词时态的一个方法,并且要熟读甚至背诵例句。

  ◆◇一般现在时和现在进行时

  a.一般现在时:重复发生的习惯性动作和真理。

  搭配的时间副词:always  often  frequently  usually  sometimes    every day  every week  every month  occasionally   once a month    once a month  once a year  seldom  rarely  never

  Examples:

  She goes shopping every week.
  He reads Business News every morning. 
  He seldom goes dancing.
  The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
  Susan loves chocolate.

  b.表示一种状态或性质

  Examples:

  This tastes very good.
  I don’t believe my eyes.
  I need a car.
  I hate this music.

  c.在讲述一个过去发生的故事时,有时可用一般现在时表示过去发生的一系列事情。-This use is called the “historical present”.如在看图说话一类题时经常用到这一点。

  Examples:

  一个美国人描述他到中国旅游的经历
  
  My friend and I arrive at the capital air port in Beijing on the morning of May 25 th , 1993. Robert comes to meet with us in a taxi, and we drive to what is to be our apartment for nearly three. week. The drive is culture shock number one. We see people everywhere. Also, Beijing seems to be more modern than its has been written in all the books on China I have read. My friend and I are extremely astonished by the number of bicycles on the road, truly the kingdom of bicycles.  

  现在进行时:

  a.正在进行的动作

  常用的时间的动作:(right)now   at the(this)moment   at present

  Examples:

  Robert is teaching at this moment。
  Mendel is working on the first draft of his essay。
  I’m looking for my umbrella right now.
  He’s enjoying a holiday right now.

  b.表达在现在一段时间内重复发生的动作,但是动作在说话时不一定正在进行。

  常用的时间副词:these days  Nowadays  today  this semester/quarter
this week/month/year        

  Examples:

  He’s relaxing this week.

  He’s working as a librarian this semester.

  c.对一类经常发生的事情所表达的强烈情感

  常用的时间副词:Always  Forever  constantly

  Examples:
 
  He’s always complaining.(他怎么总是抱怨。)
  You’re always dancing.(你怎么总是跳舞,是不是太多了吧。)

  ◆◇一般现在时和现在完成时

  一般现在时:

  表达的动作不表明动作从何时开始或已进行了多长时间。

  Examples:

  Helen and Tom are happily married.
  Bruce listens to the news every morning.

  现在完成时:

  a.现在完成时所表达的动作正在进行,但句子总是表明动作是什么时候开始的。

  Examples:

  Helen and Tom have been happily married since their wedding day 60 years ago.
  Bruce has listened to the news all his life without missing a day.

  b.与现在完成时常用的两个词: For and Since

  For:表示动作持续的时间。如:for two minutes/weeks/years;for several days/a long time/the past month 而在一般现在时不能与之连用。
Since: 表示动作从何时开始的. 如:since 6:00/Apr. 23/last week /the accident

  ◆◇现在进行时和现在完成进行时

  现在进行时:表示一个正在进行的动作,但不表明动作从什么时候开始的。

  Examples:

  He is waiting over there.
  Matthew is study Chinese in Beijing.

  现在完成进行时:

  a.现在完成进行时表示一个过去开始的并且现在仍在进行的动作。

  Examples:

  He has been waiting over there since 2:00.
  For the last three months, Matthew has been studying Chinese.

  b.现在完成进行时表示一个进行了很长时间并且刚刚完成了的动作。

  Examples:

  Oh, there you are! I have been looking for you everywhere.

  c.与现在完成进行时搭配的时间副词:

  since, for, all/week/month/year, in the past week/few months/few years, recently, lately

  ◆◇现在完成时和现在完成进行时

  现在完成时:可表明发生动作的具体数字和次数。

  Examples:

  He has tried to pass the exam twice.
  
  现在完成进行时:不表明发生动作的具体数字和次数。

  Examples:

  He has been trying to pass the exam all month.

  ◆◇一般过去时和现在完成时

  一般过去时:

  a.表示一个过去已经完成的动作。

  与之搭配的时间副词:Yesterday, last week, last year, at 5:30

  Examples:

  Last week I went swimming with Tom.

  b.表示在过去一段时间内反复发生的动作,但现在已经结束。

  与之搭配的时间副词:last year, last weekend, last month. 有时用this weekend, this year

  Examples:

  I went to Canada twice this year.
  I attended a wedding party this weekend.

  c.表示已完成的过去的一段活动

  Examples:

  Our family owned that house for generations. (We don’t own it now.)

  现在完成时:

  a.表示过去的一个动作但其发生的时间不确切或不知道。
  
  常用的时间副词有:ever, never, yet, still, already

  Examples:

  Linda still hasn’t finished her assignment.
  Stanley has already gotten bored with the life here in Toronto.
  Have you ever gone to Paris?

  b.表示过去的一个动作或反复发生的动作,其发生的时间仍在持续。

  常用的时间副词有:this week/weekend/month/year; in the past ten years; in my life; today

  Examples:

  I have gone to the post office twice today.
  Eric has taken several courses this year.

  c.表示现在仍在进行的动作,已知动作发生的时间和持续的时间。

  Examples:

  Our family has owned that house for generations. (We own it now.)

  ◆◇一般过去时和过去进行时

  a.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。

  Examples:

  My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.
  My neighbor’s dog was barking at 3:00 this morning.

  b.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去同一时间两个同时进行的动作。

  与之常用的时间副词:while, as

  Examples;

  Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car.
  As Michael was visiting Paris, Robert was teaching English classes in Beijing.

  ◆◇一般过去时和过去将来时

  二者的区别在于过去将来时表示在过去打算做,但是没有做的动作.而一般过去时表示为什么没有做的原因。

  Examples:

  I was going to become a rock star but I didn’t know the right people in the music business.

  ◆◇一般过去时和过去完成时

  二者的区别在于过去完成时表示在过去的过去所发生的动作。

  Examples:

  Mary was hungry because she hadn’t eaten breakfast.
  Charlie lost his way to the hotel although he had been there a few days earlier.
  I realized that I hadn’t eaten a single French Fry since I started my diet.

  ◆◇过去进行时和过去完成进行时

  二者经常混用,其最主要区别在于过去完成进行时表示在过去某一时间“以前”正在所发生或持续的动作.而过去进行时表示在过去某一时间的“前后” 正在发生或持续的动作。

  Examples:

  He had been doing a good job for us until he got a job offer from another company. (He stopped doing a good job for us.)
  He was doing a good job for us when another company offered him a job. (Perhaps he stopped – or perhaps he continued.
  He took their offer because we hadn’t been paying him so well.
  He took their offer because we weren’t paying him very well. (His wage then was not high enough)

  ◆◇过去完成进行时和过去完成时

  二者的区别在于过去完成进行时不能同某一确定的数量或次数连在一起,而过去完成时能够连在一起。

  Examples:

  过去完成进行时- -He said he had been losing a lot of weight.

  过去完成时- -He said he had lost 20 ponds.

  ◆◇一般现在时和一般将来时

  一般现在时在时间和条件从句当中表示刑事处分将来时的动作。

  Examples:

  As soon as I save enough money I’ll buy a big house.
  When he gets back home he will phone a friend in New York.
  If it rains tomorrow we will cancel the camping trip.  

(TSE)看图说话要点
看图说话和一个人的说明能力是有很大联系的。看图说话表现了一个人的概括和说明能力。

  * 组织思想时体现概括能力
  * 词汇选择的准确和典型
  * 强调故事,附带重要情节
  * 时态和人称

  中国学生通常不注意he 和she的区分,而且最可怕的是常常he, she 混着用。中国学生应该怎么克服这个问题呢?其实任何事都是从有意识到无意识,时间常了,就习惯成自然了。西方人有句话叫做“优秀就是习惯”,所以说世界上没有难事,你所缺少的就是用心和认真。

(TSE)口头作文要点
TSE考试一共有12个问题,其中可以以不变应万变的有4个问题。剩下的有口头作文。

中国学生在口头作文中常犯的错误有:
1. 人称的混用 
2. 动词时态的错误
3. 表达内容空洞,缺少发展思想
4. 文化背景的差异。因为外国人对中国的了解非常有限。好多中国学生没有照顾到老外中国知识的有限,把汉语的说法应用、硬搬到英语上。(chinlish)

口头作文在表达过程中有两个标准:
1.Make a point,达一个观点
2.develop an idea,发展一个思想。文化角度不能想当然,和外国人交谈是跨文化交际。“发展”而不是“迂回”或“滥竽充数”,绝不是填鸭式的。

思路和范文
Traveling is more import than reading books in order to understand the people and the world. Do you agree of disagree the statement? Use specific reasons to support your answer.

Reading a book about another place sparks my interests to travel there. I don’t put the book down and do nothing about it, I make plans to  go and see what I have read about. Ask yourself,  if you buy a recipe book, are you going to just look at the pictures, and read about how the deserts are made, no, you want to eat that dessert that you have read about. Books generate desire and arouse our interest in things, but it is only by our actions that we can satisfy these desires, and pursue out interests.


Some people like to talk on the telephone while others prefer to write letters. Which do you prefer and why?

ANSWER 1:
If I have a choice, I usually choose to call someone because it’s faster. If I want to tell someone something, I don’t want to have to wait several days for them to hear it. Also, I don’t want to go to the post office to buy stamps and mail a letter. I like things that are convenient. I feel that I can express myself more easily with my voice. When you’re talking on the phone, you can hear the other person’s voice, so you know how they feel. Also, they can hear your voice. You can laugh together. Talking on the phone can be a lot of fun, but writing letters is really painful for me. I’m simply not good at it. It just takes forever.

ANSWER 2:
I like to take time to think about what I want to say. When I write letters. I can choose my words more carefully. That way, I never have to worry about saying the wrong thing. I have beautiful handwriting and I like to draw little pictures on the letters I write, I like to imagine that the person I write the letter to will keep it, and read it years later. How can you save a phone conversation?  Besides, my parents and many of my friends live far away. It’s just too expensive to call them all the time. I can’t afford to do that. (105 words)

(转自新东方 杜子华)

(转自新东方)
(TSE)描述图表概略
无论是求学,还是工作,或是日常活动,描述图表都是不可缺少的技能。中国学生很少会描述图表,但是外国人用图表比文字还多。所以对一个生活在国外的人来说,解释图表的能力是非常重要的。事实上,外国人描述不同的图表都使用一个模式,所以掌握起来其实是很容易的。

  词语和句型

  1.Graphs over time

  “This table represents/ shows/ demonstrates/ illustrates/ depicts/ portrays __________”

  “According to this graph, ________ saw, underwent, experienced, witnessed…”

  A. started at,   began  at

  B. increased, rose, climbed, jumped, went up

  C. decreased, fell, dropped, slipped, went down, plunged

  D. gradually, steadily, suddenly, sharply, slowly, quickly, drastically, dramatically, rapidly, incrementally.

  E. Remained, held, stayed (unchanged, steady, constant, stable) at

  F. Leveled off at, bottomed out at, hit its high/its low point at, reached its peak,

  G. Fluctuated between

  H. Ended at, is projected to be 

  2.Comparisons, Tables, pie Graphs 

  “ This table represents/ shows/demonstrates/illustrates/portrays _________”

  “There are x categories with ________ representing the largest portion at ___________ followed by ________at ________and _________accounts for the smallest portion at”.
     
  The table is comprised of x categories with ________ representing __________at ______________, followed by ________at _________and _______makes up for _______ at ________.

  3. Useful phrases:
 
  With regard to  …

  With reference to  …

  In terms of …

  As a result of  …

  Due to the fact …

  When it comes to  …

  Concerning …

  思路范文

  This  graph shows the make up of he jacksons’ budget. There are 6 expenses with housing and utilities representing the largest portion at 35%, followed by food at 20%, clothing and allowance at 15%, transportation also 15%, savings at 10% and other expenses account for  the smallest portion at 5%. 

  英语学习的最高境界,就是胡说八道。要达到这个境界其实很容易,COPY的多了,自然就会说了。 

[ 本帖最后由 snowflake21cn 于 2006-4-9 17:00 编辑 ]
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沙发
发表于 2006-4-10 23:38:32 |只看该作者
3x

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板凳
发表于 2006-4-11 01:17:18 |只看该作者
u r welcome

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地板
发表于 2006-4-13 12:10:31 |只看该作者
请问楼主,你买的是新东方什么光盘呢?是TSE光盘吗?
我刚开始准备TSE, 真不知道如何开始,急死人啊~~

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RE: TSE 备战要点-摘自东方光盘 [修改]

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