issue127,207,argument165,25,46,159提纲

honeyviolaUID: 2199703

Issue 127,207
127."Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions."
1.事实很难改变。例如对于生命的终结，和牛顿万有引力定理等，都是自然规律，很难改变。
2．我们的希望，偏好或个人情感可以成为催化剂，促进事物改变。如沙尘暴的袭击，我们的希望是抵制，因此植树造林，改变环境从而遏止。


207."Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."
1．        典礼和仪式是于特定的日期由于特定的原因对特定人举行的。这就意味着人们因典礼和仪式不同而划分为不同类别，有了不同的组织关系和身份。
2．        典礼和仪式的内涵丰富，蕴涵诸多思想，参与到特定的典礼和仪式中的人势必要对这种文化深刻了解，使自己形成对这种文化认同，因而能更加了解自己的偏好和需求，自己的信仰等，更深层次的剖析自己。


Argument 165,25,46,159
The following appeared in a memo from the mayor of the town of Hopewell. 【25】
"Two years ago, the town of Ocean View built a new municipal golf course and resort hotel. During the past two years, tourism in Ocean View has increased, new businesses have opened there, and Ocean View's tax revenues have risen by 30 percent. The best way to improve Hopewell's economy, and generate additional tax revenues, is to build a golf course and resort hotel similar to those in Ocean View."
1.Hopewell的经济情况受制因素可能与OCEAN VIEW的不同，即使建立了高尔夫和旅馆也不一定推动经济发展。
2.PEWELL即使建立了高尔夫和旅馆，也不一定提高税收。因为税收政策在两国可能不同的。
3.OCEAN VIEW的旅游资源和HOPEWELL的可能不同，以前游客少可能是因为旅馆的档次和要求不符合。

Although black bears are common in the eastern Canadian province of Labrador, grizzly bears—often similar in color, but much larger—were believed to exist only in the western provinces. Despite a nineteenth-century explorer's account of having startled and narrowly escaped from a grizzly bear deep in the woods in Labrador, modern scientists find no physical evidence that grizzly bears have ever lived in Labrador. But recent research into the language and legends of the Innu, a people who have lived in Labrador for thousands of years, reveals that their language has words for two different kinds of bears, and their ancient legends attribute different characteristics to the two kinds of bears. Therefore, there probably were grizzly bears in Labrador, and the explorer's account probably accurately identified the bear. 【46】
1.语言功能本身就是区分词汇。可能INNU人知道除黑熊外还有其他熊的存在，就设计出了两个词来形容不同的熊，但也没有充分证据说明另一种就是指的灰熊。
2。传说的不确定性。
3． 传说只是说了有熊的特征，并不代表存在。

The nation of Claria covers a vast physical area. But despite wide geographic differences, many citizens are experiencing rising costs of electricity. A recent study of household electric costs in Claria found that families who cooled their houses with fans alone spent more on electricity than did families using air conditioners alone for cooling. However, those households that reported using both fans and air conditioners spent less on electricity than those households that used either fans or air conditioners alone. Thus, the citizens of Claria should follow the study's recommendation and use both air conditioners and fans in order to save money on electricity. 【159】
1。广泛地理说明调查样本的可靠性值得怀疑。两种研究是根据不同地区还是同一地区值得商榷。
2。同时使用空调和风扇，并没有说明是同时打开两种电器，还是一会空调，一会风扇。
3．即使风扇和空调一起开比单开省电，也不能说明电费花费会减少，因为影响电费的因素很多，而电器并不只是那两种。

The following appeared in a business magazine. 【165】
"As a result of numerous consumer complaints of dizziness and nausea, Promofoods requested that eight million cans of tuna be returned for testing last year. Promofoods concluded that the cans did not, after all, contain chemicals that posed a health risk. This conclusion is based on the fact that the chemists from Promofoods tested samples of the recalled cans and found that, of the eight chemicals most commonly blamed for causing symptoms of dizziness and nausea, five were not found in any of the tested cans. The chemists did find that the three remaining suspected chemicals are naturally found in all other kinds of canned foods."
1。样本的取样问题。不能充分说明所有的不含有导致眩晕和恶心的化学物质。
2。尽管还有3种成分是其他罐头中都有的，其他没有出事，而P公司出事了，说明可能P产品的含量过高。
3．也许还有其他成分导致眩晕和恶心，而P的化学家没有测试出，或隐藏了结果。