【精华】正眼看学位【/精华】

qndqndqndUID: 2123528

新的申请季节又要到了，坛子里关于各种学位优劣的讨论又要循环往复了。希望借摘录并整理出来的以下这些资料给大家作个参考，末尾的两则引用更是指出了学位的前景。不管怎么说，没有哪种学位是“垃圾”，有没有含金量，关键看你本身到底配不配得上头上这顶学位帽，如果有荣誉等级的，那么一个最高荣誉等级的学位必然是大大地有含金量。没有不值钱的学位，只有不值钱的人。

Academic degrees

Associate's degrees (U.S.) AA, ABA, ABS, AS

Foundation degrees (U.K.) FdA, FdEd, FdEng, FdMus, FdBus, FdSc, FdTech

Bachelor's degrees B.Accty, AB or BA, BSc or SB, BBus, BCom or BComm, BCS, BEc, BEng or BE, BS or BSc, BFA, BD, BHE, BJ, BPharm, BPE, BHK, BCL, LL.B., MB ChB or MB BS or BM BS or MB BChir or MB BCh BAO, BMus, B.Math, BTech, BBA, BAdm, MA (Oxon.), MA (Cantab.), MA (Dubl.), MA (Hons)

Master's degrees MA, MS or MSc, MSt, MALD, MApol, MPhil, MRes, MFA, MTh, MTS, M.Div., MBA, MPA, MJ, MSW, MPAff, MLIS, MLitt, MPH, MPM, MPP, MPT, MRE, MTheol, LLM, MEng, MSci, MBio, MChem, MPhys, MMath, MMus, MESci, MGeol, MTCM, MSSc, BCL (Oxon), BPhil (Oxon), ThM

Specialist degrees Ed.S., SSP, B.Acc., C.A.S.

Engineer's degrees Ch.E., B.E., C.E., C.E., E.E., E.A.A., E.C.S., Env.E., Mat.E., Mech.E., Nav.E., Nucl.E., Ocean E., Sys.E.

Doctoral degrees PhD, EdD, EngD, DNursSci, DBA, DC, DD, DSc, DLitt, DA, MD, DDS, DMD, DMA, DMus, DCL, ThD, JD, OD, DO, PharmD, DrPH, DPT, DPhil, DOM, OMD, DPM, PsyD, DSW, LL.D., J.S.D., S.J.D. S.T.D

Law degrees B.A. Law, J.D., D.Jur., LL.B., B.C.L., LL.L., LL.M., LL.D., J.S.D., S.J.D., Ph.D.

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Doctor of Philosophy

Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph.D., an abbreviation for the Latin "Philosophiæ Doctor" or alternatively "Doctor philosophiæ", D.Phil. (originally from the Greek Διδάκτωρ Φιλοσοφίας, meaning "Teacher of Philosophy"), is a doctoral degree granted at the completion of extensive academic work in a particular field of study. Although originally granted exclusively for work in philosophy, today Ph.D.s are awarded in nearly all fields of the sciences and humanities. In most countries Ph.D. students go through two distinct phases. In the first phase students typically complete required courses and write some form of comprehensive examination. The successful completion of the examination marks the beginning of the second phase and entitles the student to refer to him or herself as a Ph.D. candidate. The major task of the candidacy stage is the writing and defence of a major original contribution to his or her academic discipline. This contribution usually amounts to a written dissertation ranging in length, depending on discipline, from 50 to 800 pages. Dissertations typically consist of a comprehensive literature review, an outline of a methodology, and also include several chapters of scientific, social, historical, philosophical, or literary analysis.

In some fields, such as some specific branches of physics, a doctoral degree is practically essential for employment. In some fields, newly-graduated doctoral students are unlikely to find work as tenure-track professors and are compelled to undertake one or more postdoctorate positions.

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History of the Ph.D.

The Ph.D. was originally a degree granted by a university to learned individuals who had achieved the approval of their peers and who had demonstrated a long and productive career in the field of philosophy. The appellation of "Doctor" (from Latin: doceo, docere: to teach) was usually awarded only when the individual was in middle age. It indicated a life dedicated to learning, to knowledge, and to the spread of knowledge.

The degree was popularised in the 19th century at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin as a degree to be granted to someone who had undertaken original research in the sciences or humanities. From there it spread to the United States, arriving at Yale University in 1861, and then to the United Kingdom in 1921. This displaced the existing Doctor of Philosophy degree in some Universities; for instance, the D.Phil. (higher doctorate in the faculty of philosophy) at the University of St Andrews was discontinued and replaced with the Ph.D. (research doctorate). However, some UK universities such as Oxford, Buckingham and Sussex retain the D.Phil. abbreviation for their research degrees, as do universities in New Zealand.

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United Kingdom

Admission

Admission to a Ph.D. programme within the UK generally requires the prospective student to have completed a Bachelor's Degree, either with First Class Honours or Upper Second Class Honours (known as a 2.1). A Masters degree is also highly desirable in terms of places and funding. It is possible to gain admission with a Lower Second Class Honours Bachelor's Degree (known as a 2.2) and a Masters degree (e.g. MSc, MRes, MPhil).

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United States

Admission

Admission to Ph.D. programs in the United States is highly competitive. At minimum, applicants are typically required to have a Bachelors Degree in a relevant field, reasonably high grades and a satisfactory performance on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE). Although specific requirements vary, programs at well-regarded research-oriented universities usually require significantly more of their applicants.

Master's degree "in passing"

As applicants to Ph.D. programs are not required to have Master's Degrees, many programs award a M.A. or M.S. degree "in passing." These degrees are awarded based on previously-completed work, but are not "terminal" degrees in that the recipient is expected to continue his or her education toward the Ph.D. Students who receive such Master's Degrees are usually required to complete a certain amount of coursework and a master's thesis.

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Comparative value

A Ph.D. does not confer commensurate advantage in every sphere. For example, many commercial organizations regard a professional Master's degree, such as an MBA, or professional designation, such as CPA, as the highest level of education that is desirable. Traditional views of the value of academic study in commerce are changing but skepticism about the commercial value of a Ph.D. prevails. Some departments in medical schools may offer research Ph.D. degrees although only an M.D., not a Ph.D., is required to practice medicine.

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Criticism

Within the USA, the value of a Ph.D. degree is often the topic of scholarly debate and criticism, given its almost exclusive concern with research and publication and the alleged neglect of numerous other faculty responsibilities that include teaching, collegial evaluation, collective and individual curricular planning, etc [citation needed]. Solutions have been met with varying degrees of success. In the 1960s, the prestigious Carnegie Foundation helped promote and establish the Doctor of Arts degree as an alternative to the Ph.D. The D.A. degree, with its focus on content specialty, curriculum design, and pedagogy, was designed to help prepare expert teachers in various fields. Its well-defined disciplinary focus makes it different from the Ed.D. (Doctor of Education) while still embracing the Ed.D.'s concern for issues in education. The D.A. continues to be offered in many universities across the United States and in other countries[citation needed], though a few D.A. programs have since been converted to the Ph.D. model. Still, the D.A. has many steadfast supporters. Other solutions include a re-thinking of the Ph.D. in order to address its perceived shortcomings. William Henry Bragg, the noted physicist, was famously known to have said, "whatever you do, don't do a Ph.D.".[citation needed]

In reality, however, almost all the top research and development jobs (at least in technical areas such as physics, mathematics, materials, engineering, numerical analysis, etc.) in high-ranking universities, and increasingly investment banks hiring for financial modelling (Quant roles) and industry, require a Ph.D. It is also a requirement for almost all tenure-track university positions. It is unlikely that someone will head their own research group in the defense or private research sectors unless they possess a Ph.D. [citation needed]. Furthermore a Ph.D. is a good way to make the transition from a masters project or undergraduate study to full scale research.

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Categories

While the Ph.D. is the most common doctoral degree in the United States, it is often misunderstood to be synonymous with the term "doctorate". The U.S. Department of Education and the National Science Foundation recognize numerous doctoral degrees as "equivalent", and do not discriminate between them (e.g., Doctor of Arts (D.A.), Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.), Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), Doctor of Theology (Th.D.). See this list of equivalent doctorates: http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/ ... arch-doctorate.html

In the United Kingdom and other countries of the world, Ph.D.s are distinguishable from the higher doctorates that outrank them, such as (D.Litt.) Doctor of Letters or (D.Sc.) Doctor of Science, which are issued by a committee on the basis of a long record of research and publication. They are also distinct from professional doctorates such as those conferred in medicine, education, engineering and jurisprudence -- M.D., Ed.D., Eng.D., and D.Jur. (also known as J.D.). In most universities, professional doctorates involve coursework or a much smaller research component, so the Ph.D. is therefore understood formally to outrank them.

In German speaking countries, most Eastern European countries, the former Soviet Union, most parts of Africa, Asia, and many countries in Latin America the corresponding degree is simply called "Doctor" and is distinguished by subject area with a Latin suffix (e.g. "Dr.med." — doctor medicinæ — which is not equal to a M.D., "Dr.rer.nat — doctor rerum naturalium (Doctor of Science) —, "Dr. phil." — doctor philosophiæ, etc.)

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Doctor of Science

D.Sc., Sc.D., ScD, S.D., or DrSc is the abbreviation of the Latin Scientiae Doctor, which means "Doctor of Science". It is a doctoral degree on par with the Ph.D. and is referred to as a higher doctorate in Europe. The Doctor of Science degree is sometimes conferred as an alternative to the Ph.D. for outstanding research.

The Doctor of Science degree is earned with the approval of a committee on the basis of original research, publications, and extensive applied professional contributions. The Sc.D. is awarded predominantly in doctoral level science and technology programs such as engineering, information systems, and public health sciences.

The Doctor of Science degree has long been awarded by institutions such as the George Washington University, the Harvard University, the Johns Hopkins University Schools of Public Health, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Queen's University.

A more recent use today is in physical and ocupational therapy. Most PT schools offer the DPT as an entry-level professional doctoral degree, but some schools, such as Oakland University, now offer the DScPT as a post-professional degree.

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Master of Philosophy

In the usage of the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, New Zealand and some other countries, the Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) is a research degree, requiring the completion of a thesis. It is a lesser degree than the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), and in some instances may be awarded as a substitute for a PhD thesis which is a marginal fail. It may also serve as a provisional enrolment for the PhD. It is generally thesis only, and is regarded as a senior or second masters degree. An M.Phil. is generally considered equivalent to the French Diplôme d'études Approfondies or DEA, Spanish Diploma de Estudios Avanzados DEA, or First Doctoral Degree.

The University of Cambridge offers the M.Phil. as a one year taught or research degree. This is to distinguish it from the Oxford/Cambridge/Trinity Dublin MA degree, which is awarded to BA graduates after a certain period of time, but no further study (since the seventeenth century). The ancient Scottish Universities, who have the power to award MAs for four-year undergraduate degrees in the arts, differ in their use of M.Phil. or M.Litt. for postgraduate research degrees, but are slowly standardising to the M.Phil. as a research Masters and the M.Litt. as a taught Masters.

In the UK, the M.Phil. is increasingly becoming used as it is in the United States - a degree offered but rarely taken, by Ph.D./D.Phil. candidates who have yet to complete their dissertation. Officially, however, many students in the UK do not initially study for a PhD/D.Phil: they study for an M.Phil, and the decision to continue from M.Phil. to D.Phil./Ph.D. is taken at the end of year 2 by the student and supervisors.

In the Netherlands the M.Phil. is a special research degree and only awarded by selected departments of a university (mostly in the fields of Arts, Social Sciences, Archeology, Philosophy and Theology). Admission to these programmes is highly selective and primarily aimed at those students opting for an academic career. After finishing these programs, students normally enroll for a PhD program.

Some American universities award the M.Phil: at those universities, the degree is awarded to Ph.D. candidates when they complete their required coursework but before they defend their doctoral dissertations. This status is also called A.B.D., or All But Dissertation (or All But Done). Many Ph.D. candidates at these universities view the M.Phil. as a formality and elect not to receive it in order to avoid the paperwork and costs involved. However some programs do not offer an en route M.A. or M.S., so the M.Phil. is the first opportunity to receive a degree between the Bachelor's and Ph.D.

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Master of Research

In the UK, the Master of Research degree is a postgraduate degree available in a range of academic disciplines. The MRes (Masters in Research) is designed to prepare students for doctoral research ("Understanding the UK higher education system" http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/S ... n_system/p!epmleci)

Many MRes courses are advanced postgraduate degrees which differs from a taught Masters degree by placing particular emphasis on a large dissertation (typically between 35-40,000 words) in addition to less taught modules (in this usage, the MRes is equivalent to an MPhil from other universities).

MRes courses in the UK must guarantee that at least 60% of the content is project based as it is "geared to those wishing to pursue a research career afterwards." ("About postgrad study: Taught courses" http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/S ... _courses/p!edcbgbp)

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Taught Postgraduate Masters - United Kingdom
(MSc, MA, LL.M., MLitt, MSSc, MSt, MEnt etc.)

The most common types of postgraduate taught Master's degrees are the Master of Arts (MA) awarded in Arts, Humanities, Theology and Social Sciences and the Master of Science (MSc) awarded in pure and applied Science. A number of taught programs in Social Sciences also receive the Master of Science (MSc) degree (e.g. MSc Development Studies at the London School of Economics).

However, some universities - particularly those in Scotland - award the Master of Letters (MLitt) to students in the Arts, Humanities, Divinity and Social Sciences, often with the suffix (T) to indicate it is a taught degree, to avoid confusion with the MLitt (see Research Postgraduate Masters below). The University of Cambridge and some others have taught MPhil degrees (and some universities, such as the University of Glasgow used MPhil for both taught and research Masters degrees but have recently changed the taught appellation to MLitt).

In Law the standard taught degree is the Master of Laws, but certain courses may lead to the award of MA or MLitt.

Until recently, both the undergraduate and postgraduate Master's degrees were awarded without grade or class (like the class of an honours degree). Nowadays however, Master's degrees are usually classified, either into three categories (Pass, Merit or Distinction), or simply two (Pass or Distinction). Typically, a pass mark at Master's level implies an overall average mark of 50%, whilst the grade of Distinction is awarded to those achieving an average equal to or exceeding 70%. While these grades seem awful low to a North American reader, the UK standard marking employs a much tighter overall scale - usually from 50 to 70% instead of the North American 50 to 100%. Rarely, students will be awarded more than 70% in the UK system if they offer insightful, creative and original ideas in their writings.

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以上资料来自WIKIPEDIA

[ 本帖最后由 qndqndqnd 于 2006-7-30 18:38 编辑 ]

qndqndqndUID: 2123528

以下资料来自http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/S ... on_system/p!epmleci，http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/S ... t_courses/p!edcbgbp，http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/S ... h_degrees/p!eFjkadm

Understanding the UK higher education system

In the UK, ‘postgraduate’ refers to the level of higher education that sits above first degrees such as the BA and the BSc. Sometimes, the term ‘postgraduate study‘ means the same thing as ‘Masters study’ or ‘graduate study’.

This can be confusing for students from some countries. In Bangladesh, for instance, graduate study refers to first degree-level study. For the purpose of this publication, postgraduate means a degree for which the normal entry requirement is a first degree from a UK university or its equivalent in other qualifications(ie an equivalent degree in your own country) or experience.

Postgraduate qualifications

Many postgraduate courses contain both research and taught elements, although the traditional division between the two modes of delivery still exists. There is also a strong emphasis on student choice in many institutions and some programmes are put together in such a way as to enable the individual student to tailor the degree to their specifications. Degree titles can vary from one institution to another for historical reasons. A guide to the most common usage is given below.

Diplomas and certificates

Postgraduate diplomas and certificates are almost always taught course qualifications. Certificate courses are usually shorter than diploma courses. Both types of award are frequently given for conversion courses and courses leading to membership of certain professional bodies.

Conversion courses are always taught and usually take one academic year. In some cases, the course may finish with a postgraduate diploma, and you may have to apply from scratch to get onto a Masters course.

In others, the conversion course may be the first part of a Masters programme, after which you have the option of continuing on the same course. The Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) is a conversion course required by all graduates who wish to become teachers in state schools but may not always be necessary for teaching in independent (public) schools.

Masters degrees

Masters courses can consist either of taught courses or a research programme or they may, in certain cases, contain elements of both, such as the MPhil. Intake is from those with a Bachelors-level qualification with honours or its equivalent, and most of them take about one year of full-time study. Most Masters degrees are designated either MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science), depending on the subject, or as a specialist degree such as an MBA or LLM (see below). Taught Masters courses may include formal training in research methods as preparation for further research study.

Specialist programmes

MBA (Master of Business Administration), LLM (Master of Laws), and MDS (Master of Dental Surgery) are all widely recognised specialist Masters courses. The popularity of management or business-related courses has surged in recent years, especially those leading to an MBA. In the UK alone, there are over 100 MBA programmes accredited by the Association of MBAs.

The Association of MBAs

The Association of MBAs AMBA is the global network for the MBA community. The Association represents the international MBA community, MBA students, MBA graduates, schools, businesses and employers. The Association has acted in the interests of these groups for over 30 years, promoting the MBA as a leading management qualification. The Association aims to encourage management education at postgraduate level to create highly competent professional managers.

Association of MBAs

25 Hosier Lane

London

EC1A 9LQ

United Kingdom

Tel: 00 44 20 7246 2686

Fax: 00 44 20 7246 2687

www.mba.org.uk

MPhil

The MPhil (Master of Philosophy) is usually an extended Masters degree involving a longer research thesis. Some MPhil courses have a significant taught content in their first year and devote the second to research; others are purely by research. Many institutions’ regulations provide for transfer from an MPhil or other Masters by research to a Doctorate for suitable candidates.

MRes

The MRes (Masters in Research) is designed to prepare students for doctoral research.

Doctorates

Doctoral programmes – the PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is the most common – usually take three or four years full time to complete. Intake is normally from those with a very good first degree or more commonly from those with a Masters degree, and occasionally by transfer from a Masters course.

CATS modular masters and study schemes

Credit Accumulation and Transfer Schemes (CATS) enable students to put together a study programme based on a range of courses or modules, across departments, faculties or even institutions. Under CATS, courses and course modules are worth a certain number of points and accumulated points can be transferred from one course or institution to another.

Distance learning

You can study for a wide range of UK postgraduate qualifications without leaving home. Teaching methods can vary widely but you may receive printed materials, videos, CD-ROMs and audio-visual teaching aids. Contact with a tutor is sometimes by email, but some distance learning providers encourage students to attend in person on occasion. You can find details of UK and international distance learning opportunities on the Open University (OU) website www.open.ac.uk or by calling their registration department on:

00 44 191 213 1380

About postgrad study: Taught courses

There are a number of different taught programmes in the UK including Masters courses, postgraduate diplomas/certificates, other specialist courses and a wide variety of professional qualifications. They cover a full range of subjects and can seem confusing.

Masters programme (eg MA, MBA, MSc, MRes):

* Masters of Arts (MA) courses cover: arts, business and social sciences, as well as some science subjects.
* The MBA is the most well-known Masters qualification for business but it can be expensive.
* Masters courses in project management are becoming very popular as an alternative (sometimes taken as an MA or MSc).These courses are usually more beneficial to those who already have some experience of management.
* Masters of Science (MSc) and Masters of Research (MRes) are awarded for science courses. Although the two types are very similar, the MRes course must guarantee that at least 60% of its content is individual project work, as it is more geared to those wishing to pursue a research career afterwards. The MRes may sometimes attract more funding.

A Masters is likely to last 12 months or more full time, or two years part time and may:

* involve a detailed study of a particular aspect of your academic discipline;
* be vocational and lead to exemptions and/or a professional qualification;
* give you the option of leaving after nine months with a postgraduate diploma;
* be a conversion course developing your knowledge and skills in a new subject.

Postgraduate diploma/certificate (eg teaching, journalism, science communication):

* is likely to last nine months full time;
* may provide the professional qualification needed for a particular career;
* may be the initial stages of a taught Masters award;
* may give you the basis to move to a more specialised Masters course.

Professional qualifications (eg chartered accountant, patent agent):

* may be undertaken within employment;
* may be taken in conjunction with a Masters or postgraduate diploma.

Other specialist courses may:

* give you an added advantage in the job market;
* improve your confidence, knowledge and skills;
* provide a platform for a change of career direction.

Future prospects

Your academic qualification alone may not get you a job. It will be important, and even crucial, but may not be the deciding factor, especially if there are other candidates who can offer the same academic qualifications as you. Whatever your motivation for doing the taught programme, think about the other skills and experiences an employer may be seeking and use any opportunity to develop these. This will certainly improve your chances of success in your future career.

About postgrad study: Research degrees

Research involves the in-depth study of a specific field, normally over a period of two or three years. You will then report on your research by writing it up in the form of a thesis or dissertation. Following submission, you then have an oral examination (viva) usually conducted by two specialists in their field of research. Most research degrees involve working closely with one or more experienced researchers who supervise the study.

The most well-known research qualification is the PhD, also known as the DPhil. Also possible are shorter Masters programmes such as the MPhil, which is sometimes taken as a precursor to a PhD. Some research Masters courses now include a taught element, eg in research methods. It may be possible to transfer onto a PhD programme at a later date. You should discuss this with the institution concerned.

Doctoral degrees (PhD, DPhil)

* Can be started immediately following a first degree, or after a Masters course (usually mandatory as a precursor for arts/humanities doctorates).
* In the UK the recognised period of research is three years full time, plus up to one year to write up.
* Some PhDs now include a taught element, eg in research methods.
* In most UK institutions, formal registration for the degree of PhD takes place after the initial year of research (when you are officially at MPhil level) and following the successful completion of a transfer report.
* It may be possible to transfer from a PhD back to an MPhil degree that can be obtained in one or two years. An MPhil, however, does not confer ‘Dr’ status and would not enable you to teach at university level or do postdoctoral research.
* Doctorates with a substantial taught core are now available in some vocational areas including engineering (EngD) and business (DBA).

Research opportunities other than in universities

The majority of research degrees are taken at universities and other higher education institutions. However, there are some opportunities for studying in partnership with a university, in government laboratories, hospital laboratories, research institutions and in industry. Such opportunities are usually advertised in the specialist press for your subject.

Collaborative projects between industry and academia are sometimes possible, particularly in engineering and science. These include:

* CASE awards. These are awards in science and engineering tied to an applied research project and involving some time within the premises of the industrial sponsor. See the Research Councils UK website for more information.
* Knowledge Transfer Partnerships (KTPs). This scheme enables recently qualified graduates (known as KTP Associates) to work in a commercial environment (paid a salary at an industrial rate) whilst studying for a higher degree.

Issues to consider

Are you sufficiently motivated?

Studying for a research degree is very different to studying for an undergraduate degree. Consider carefully whether or not you would enjoy the basic research techniques you are going to use. Can you imagine counting black dots down a microscope for weeks on end? Or spending a year, or two, building equipment before generating a single result? Will you be happy working alone in a library for days on end? Talk to postgraduate students in your department about the reality of research – go into it with your eyes open!

Have you identified a supportive research supervisor?

The quality of the working relationship between a supervisor and student can make or break a research degree. A good working relationship is essential as postgraduate study is basically about working alone (especially in the arts/humanities). Make sure that you have met and feel comfortable with your supervisor before accepting a place. Do you understand each other? If possible, talk to their current research students. Find out about the research group you would be joining. Are there active programmes of seminars you can attend? How isolated are you likely to be?

Have you got the right academic background?

You will normally require an upper second or first class degree in a relevant subject. Some funding bodies may set higher criteria (eg relevant work experience or mandatory undertaking of a masters degree prior to a doctoral degree). Discuss your plans with your tutors – do they think you would enjoy a research degree?

Future prospects

Opportunities vary according to the field of study. You can expect opportunities to exist in academia, in industry and in the public sector but competition can be fierce. A common aim following a PhD is to remain in academia but this is by no means assured. A PhD is usually a prerequisite for an academic career as a university researcher or lecturer. It is common to hold a series of one or more postdoctoral positions lasting one or two years before securing a permanent post. Permanent posts can be difficult to come by and opportunities are often on a short-term contract basis. This lack of security is often cited as a primary reason for leaving academia.

There are many careers for which a research degree is desirable or essential, eg work as a scientific researcher for a pharmaceutical company, or commissioning editor for a specialist academic journal. For other areas you will be able to emphasise the transferable skills you have gained whilst undertaking your research.

The report Employers' Perceptions of Recruiting Research Staff and Students cited concerns when recruiting candidates with higher degrees. These include: specialisation and narrowness of interest; difficulties in integrating into a business environment; and unrealistic salary expectations. However, it also cited positive candidate attributes such as: problem-solving, analytical and project management skills.

Think about activities (eg with university societies or through work experience) you might undertake whilst pursuing your research that could counter these concerns if you are considering a career outside your specialist field.

Remarks：我不知道香港的学位制度算英制还是自成体系，但是相关资料难寻，这里暂时引用英国的教育体制作为参考。

绝望的生鱼片UID: 2223081

UP!!

nzerUID: 2209512

很好，要顶

英联邦都大差不差，跟北美的体系还是有差别

hadrian80UID: 148324

辛苦了,支持一下

flyinpetalUID: 2218692

ＬＺ．．．你是一宿没休息，还是起得巨早啊？

这段时间总见你挑灯夜读啊．．．

nobutsUID: 2210864

up，就是看不下去:L

ShmylmUID: 2191853

好长啊~看不懂~~

marimoUID: 2235618

夠詳盡~~香港學制是跟英制的，不過最近在改(限於中、大學本科範圍內)從前的中一至中七也改為六年的初高中。當然本科由三年改四年。(通叫334改制)

qndqndqndUID: 2123528

原帖由 flyinpetal 于 2006-7-30 11:02 发表
ＬＺ．．．你是一宿没休息，还是起得巨早啊？

这段时间总见你挑灯夜读啊．．．

习惯了凌晨6点睡下午4点起，一天基本只看到两个小时阳光。:lol

原帖由 nobuts 于 2006-7-30 11:15 发表
up，就是看不下去:L

都是申请的时候常见词汇。金山糍粑是王道。:victory:

===================================

看不下去了，我给手动加精了。:lol

flyinpetalUID: 2218692

原帖由 qndqndqnd 于 2006-7-30 18:39 发表


习惯了凌晨6点睡下午4点起，一天基本只看到两个小时阳光。:lol



都是申请的时候常见词汇。金山糍粑是王道。:victory:

===================================

看不下去了，我给手动加精了。:lol

糍粑～～哈哈～偶昏．．偶电脑每天都要吃呢～

唔～ＬＺ提醒偶不做事呢～不敢怠慢了～此帖不精更待何帖～;P

过路的风筝UID: 2200733

如此精华风筝不由自主地拼命pf一下

UPUPUP:L，先支持了再来细看;P

hadrian80UID: 148324

原帖由 qndqndqnd 于 2006-7-30 18:39 发表


习惯了凌晨6点睡下午4点起，一天基本只看到两个小时阳光。:lol



都是申请的时候常见词汇。金山糍粑是王道。:victory:

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看不下去了，我给手动加精了。:lol

仔细看了看．．．
还真是手动加精啊:L

过路的风筝UID: 2200733

哈哈~~~下次偶有好贴也学楼主这招，逼那个有时眼神不好的petal赶紧干活;P

船长，终于不是新手上路了哦，我们同一天灌到了高级战友，嘻嘻，握手:handshake

hadrian80UID: 148324

原帖由 过路的风筝 于 2006-7-30 18:56 发表
哈哈~~~下次偶有好贴也学楼主这招，逼那个有时眼神不好的petal赶紧干活;P

船长，终于不是新手上路了哦，我们同一天灌到了高级战友，嘻嘻，握手:handshake

:handshake　

对啊，同喜同喜:lol



不过你花的是３个月，我花了３年:L