第十六次作业 issue 87

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Issue   87
"In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
在所有的研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可能获得重要的发现。
提纲：
A. Beginners have intense curiosity about the unknown and great courage to try new things, while experienced experts tend to be more conservative.
B. Furthermore, beginners are highly motivated and enthusiastic people who are eager to establish their career and fame.
C. However, beginners are absent of experience and patience, sometimes may make mistake.
正文：
  Is the beginner more likely than the expert to make important discoveries? The speaker claims so. I concede that, compared with the experienced experts, beginners have intense curiosity about the unknown, great courage to try new things, and enthusiasm to establish their career and fame; however, in my view, the speaker overlook the disadvantage of beginners that to some extent they are absent of experience and patience, which are sometimes crucial to make important discoveries.   

  Beginners have intensive curiosity about the unknown and great courage to try new things, both of which serve as significant attributes for making a discovery, while experienced experts tend to be more conservation. One needs look no further than the important discoveries in the scientific field. Michael Faraday, for example, as a apprentice of a world famous chemist Dave, was particular interested in his unknown realms on electricity, galvanism, and mechanics; his intensive curiosity inspired him to establish his theories of electricity and magnetism, which records the conversion between electricity and magnetism and make a great contribution to the development of mathematics. In short, when there is a line of inspiration, experienced experts expressed more conservative, took every possible condition sometimes demanding into consideration, and eventually lose the chance of making a previously unrivaled discovery; while it comes to the beginners, they are more likely to make a important discovery on the basis that they have great courage to try the new things beyond plenty of limits from the previously established theories.

  Beginners are highly motivated and enthusiastic people who are eager to pursuit their career and fame, which may serve as an inner tempting to make an important discovery. It is the human nature to eager to be highly praised by public as well as by the so-called experts, which would establish their pride of honor and their sense of attainment. Beginners, often referred as the apprentices of their bosses, are more likely to be motivated by their bosses’ reputation, honor and profit for the academic discoveries. For one compelling example, Michael Livingstone, a newly college graduate, made a distinguished contribution in the research center of medicine, a well-known constitution in the Massachusetts. Once facing the media, he talked that his success coming from the initial motivation of making a fortune as well as the enthusiasm for scientific discoveries. Accordingly, it is the pursuit of career and fame experts have held that are motivating beginners to devote to their research and develop some important discoveries.

  However, beginners are possibly absent of experience and patience, which under some conditions turn out to be crucial for a discovery. Without adequate experience, beginners will have no insight to recognize the subject which, actually, has more value to dig out; without enough patience, beginner will give up the subject they have devoted to for a long time when more difficulties come out to impede their achievement, which would be attained for a bit more endeavor. When it comes to the experts, the situation is totally different. Their experience serves as an insightful eye to catch the valuable subject, which will ultimately lead to useful discoveries; their patience serves as the glue for them to stick to the chosen subject until the fruitful discovery is come into being. On this case, it seems that experts are more likely to make important discoveries than beginners.

  In sum, it is rash to decide which one will be more likely to make significant discoveries, beginner or expert, for the reason that they both have their own advantages: beginners will be more creative as a result of their curiosity for unknown, their courage to try new things, and eager to establish their career and fame; experts will be more empirical based on their large amount of experience and lasting patience. As a result, in my opinion, beginners will be more easy to make some important discoveries with the help of experts to choose the possible subject for them and pose some pressure on them to stick to the end.