[天下无G]第二次作业提纲

askmeUID: 2264776

11. All nations should help support the development of a global university designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persistent social problems.
11. 所有的国家应共同支持建立一所全球性大学，让学生们参与到解决世界上最持久、难以解决的社会问题的过程中。

1、Some global problems need the committed and conscious efforts of all countries. The academic cooperation is an excellent basis for nation-wide cooperation and one of key factors for sustainable development.
a) Environmental problems(spherical ozone layer) may be transferred from developed countries to developing countries.
b) Energy crisis should be properly distributed among countries.
c) Wars and conflicts should be conciliated.
d) Rapid deforestation bought by developed countries.
2、Some problems are faced by most of countries. Global university can share experience among countries, therefore we can better solve the problems.
a)         Depression in economy. Some developing countries lack experience in preventing depression.
b)         Unemployment
c)         Violent
d)         Inequity in laws and human rights. The USA exemplifies high democratic purpose.
3、Setting up the global university needs deliberating.
a)         Considering diversities in culture.
b)         It shouldn’t be controlled by developed countries and against justice.

17. There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.
17. 有两种法律：公正的和不公正的。社会中的每个人都有责任遵守公正的法律，更重要的是，不遵守和抵制不公正的法律。

1、Just laws are set for the prosperity of society. Every citizen should obey.
a)         Traffic laws for safety on road.
b)         Economic laws for prosperity of market. Anyone against it threatens interest of others.
c)         Tax laws for stability of society.
d)         Law is order, good law is good order.  Aristotle.
2、Unjust laws are against interest of majority. We should go against it, even resorting to violent means.
a)         The Soviet Union’s coercion on different opinions from government by law.
b)         Hitler made a series of laws to eradicate other race.
c)         Some suzerains exploit their colony crudely under the protection of law.
3、 It is difficult to differentiate just and unjust laws. Good laws strike a balance among different kinds of interest.
a)         Cloning against law?
b)         Abortion against law?
c)         Developing atom against law?
26. Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served.
*26. 大多数人都同意建筑是任何一个社会历史的重要记录，但当现代城市的规划者觉得这些以前的建筑所占据的土地用于现在的开发可以更有价值的时候，争议就产生了。在这样的情况下，现代发展应该比保留历史建筑优先考虑，以便于满足眼下的需求。

1、Admittedly, modern development is significant for the prosperity of society.
a)         The growing population needs more jobs.
b)         More industries and markets are needed to develop local economy.
2、Old buildings still play an important part in modern era.
a)         Tourism.
b)         Memorial and vivid history books
c)         The carrier of culture
d)         A sign of city.
3、We need to strike a balance.
a)         The development of modern technology contributes to preserving old buildings.
b)         By taking advantage of old buildings, we can accelerate the development of local economy. For example, some market of Chinese characteristics attracts foreigners to visit.
c)         Some valueless old buildings can give way to modern development.

74. "The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language."
和一大群人交流想法或者价值观的最有效方式是图像而非语言。
1、Images are indeed superior to language in many ways.
a)      Vivid: Photo, works of art like canvas.
b)     Straightforward: maps can supersede thousands of words.
c)      Easier to understand: A diagram can better explain the tendency or the continuous change.
2、Language can not be replaced in some aspects.
a)      Abstract ideas.
b)     Statistic survey.
3、The combination of the two ways will facilitate our understanding.
a)      Books.
b)     Movies.

103. "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
只有研究和我们日常生活相关的历史才有价值。
1、        Much experience drawn from history is no longer helpful in this era of rapid technological change.
a)      The conduct of wars
b)     The way we produce crop and vegetables.
2、        Many new ideas are born from history.
a)         Newton’s theory. He confessed that he was standing on shoulders of giants to see further.
b)         Beethoven learns a lot from history and makes a shift from classical music towards romantic music.
3、             History provides guidance to modern society.
a)         Learning history makes our intellectual leaders, who criticize our direction and examine society’s function.
b)          German learns from history to avoid the cruel holocausts, and to pursue peace of the world.
c)         Environmental problems.
4、             We should adopt its quintessence and eliminate its dregs.

109. "The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves."
109. 许多广告的目的在于，让消费者希望像广告中的人物，从而有想购买产品的冲动。这一做法甚为有效，因为它不仅售出了产品，而且也帮助人们有更好的自我感觉。
1、Such kind of ad do accelerate the sales of products.
         a)  Pepsi-Cola takes advantage of many famous football players to attract consumers.
         b)  Shampoo ads make people feel they will have the same silky.
         c)  Clothes ads let people feel cool as the celebrities.
2、These ads, however, does not help people really feel better than ever.
         a)  Cigarette ads for children.
         b)  Luxury ads for some people.
3、Some false ads even do harm to people.
         a)  Some diet aids cause people even fatter.
         b)  Tonic ads waste people quantities of money.

147. "Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."
147. 传统和现代化是不相容的。人们必须在二者之间做出选择。
1、To some extent, tradition and modernization are indeed incompatible.
a)         The increasing modernization of some countries with long history, such as China, overshadows the tradition like traditional festivals.
b)        Many kinds of language, ancient forms of art are missing.
2、Tradition and modernization are complementary in some aspects.
a)         CDs are an means to conserve traditional music.
b)        Movie explains tradition by means of modern technology.
3、Modernization is born from tradition.
a)         Modern art comes from traditional art.
b)        Modern language comes from ancient language.
c)           Tradition is the provenance of modernization.

askmeUID: 2264776

40 分钟       470字
236. "Encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and potentially harmful."
鼓励年轻人们相信只要他们努力就能够完成伟大的事情，这样做不仅仅是在误导而且存在着潜在的危害性。理想和现实之努力篇

Is encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough both misleading and potentially harmful? I fundamentally agree with this opinion. A contrary view will reveal a narrow and superficial understanding of great things. However, I will caution that extending this proposition too far may risk undermining those objectives.

First of all, achieving great things, or even common things in everyday life, lies in many factors other than trying hard. For example, a comely girl fascinates a boy, and therefore he tries hard to attract her. Unfortunately, the girl does not like him at all. The poor boy will eventually know that even such a common thing as the relationship between two persons cannot be accomplished only by trying hard, letting alone great things like researching new theories, pursing a trade, or leading a country. Other factors, such as other people's help, background conditions, and even luck, might contribute to success. Children who are only encouraged that if they try hard, they will succeed, could not accept failure peacefully, which results in psychological displacement, even social problems.

Furthermore, what children do need is not only encouragement, but help, experience, and method as well. Although children are always full of energy and diverse dreams, they are too green to know how to achieve great things. Children have to learn from learning to eat and walk, towards speaking and calculating. If parents only encourage them to try hard, they will probably fail repeatedly, hurt deeply, especially on the way to accomplishing great things. For example in a war, young soldiers, if true, never get told how to use a gun or shelter in a trench, and are encouraged to try hard to defeat enemies to achieve success, they will be slaughtered without doubting. Therefore, in some special cases, encouragement even is the pernicious to the youth.

Nevertheless, encouraging the youth to believe that great things deserves trying hard is important and necessary. Lacking experience, the youth might often feel afraid of failure and bog on the way to success. In these cases, we should encourage them to try hard with examples, such Thomas Edison, an inventor who has failed more than 1800 times to build a bulb, or Marco Polo who travelled across thousands of miles to reach in east. In addition, we will give them confidence and courage by telling them the fundament history of The United States. There is no denying the fact, with encouragement, one could perform better than ever, which facilitates their achieving great things.

To sum up, encouraging to try hard is necessary to accomplishing great things, while the latter needs far more than the former. Not only should we give the youth encouragement, but also direction and experience.

[ 本帖最后由 askme 于 2007-1-23 21:11 编辑 ]

askmeUID: 2264776

30分钟     510字

26.The following appeared in a memo from the chairperson of the school board in the town of Saluda.

"For the past five years, Mr. Charles Schade has been the music director at Steel City High School, and during that time the school band from Steel City High has won three regional band competitions. In addition, the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and musical instruments at Steel City High has improved markedly over the past five years. Because of such successes at Steel City High, the Saluda school board should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system."

过去五年中，Charles Schade担任了Steel City高中的音乐教学主任，在那期间学校乐队在三次地区乐队比赛中获胜。而且，Steel City高中的音乐排练设备和乐器在过去五年中明显得到改。由于Steel City高中所获得的这些成，Saluda学校委员会应该雇佣Mr.Schade来为整个Saluda学校系统规划和指导总体音乐教育计划。

In this argument, the arguer concludes that the Saluda school board should hire Mr. Schade to plan and direct the general music education programs for the entire Saluda school system. To justify this conclusion, the arguer points out that when Mr. Charles Schade has been the music director at Steel City High School, the school band won three regional band competitions. In addition, the quality of the music rehearsal facilities and music instruments has improved. A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless the conclusion is.

First of all, the arguer attempts to establish a causal relationship between the two matters that Mr. Charles Schade attended the music director and that the school band won three regional band competitions. The argument, nonetheless, is based on an over-simplified analysis of the cause, and the presumptuous correlation is accordingly unacceptable. It is very likely that the quality of school band has been excellent all the time and won the regional band competitions every time. It is also possible that there is only one formal school band in that regional and others are amateurish, which obviously leads to the winning of competitions. Without ruling out these and other possible factors, the arguer can not convince me Mr. Charles Schade necessarily results in the school band's winning three regional band competitions.

Furthermore, the arguer falsely assumes that the improvment of the quality of music rehersal facilities and instruments results from Mr. Charles Schade. Actually, this is not necessarily the case. If the school, for instance, were beginning to be aware of the importance of music education, they would spare no effort to impove the quality of facilities and instruments. In addition, maybe the high quality facilities and instrument are donated by some charity groups to help the students in this school. Therefore, the conclusion is unconvincing without considering and ruling out these possible explantions.

Finally, although there are points of comparison between a school band and the general music education programes, many dissimilarities remains. The conclusion, thus relying on the assumption that the former is analoguous to the latter in all aspects, is so weak.  For example, to achieve success of a school band, the most significant ability is the professional knowledge on music; while when it comes to the general music education programs, the director needs exceptional ability of management. The arguer provides no evidence to prove Mr. Charles Schade has the ability of management. In addition, background conditions are different among different schools. In Steel City High, Mr, Charles Schade may be familar and good at teaching there, while he would have a bad result in Saluda school. Thus, only relying such a simple mimcry, the conclusion is far from convincing.

To sum up, the argument lacks credibility because the evidence the arguer provides lends no strong support to what the arguer maintains. To strengthen this argument, the aruger should provides evidence concernning the true reason of the winning of Steel City High, To better evaluate this argument, we need more information regarding the ability of Mr. Charles Schade in all aspects.

[ 本帖最后由 askme 于 2007-1-23 21:10 编辑 ]

bingbingxieminUID: 2283852

Is encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough both misleading and potentially harmful? I fundamentally agree with this opinion. A contrary view will reveal a narrow and superficial understanding of great things. However, I will caution that extending this proposition too far may risk undermining those objectives.

First of all, achieving great things, or even common things in everyday life, lies in many factors other than trying hard. For example, a comely girl fascinates a boy, and therefore he tries hard to attract her. Unfortunately, the girl does not like him at all. The poor boy will eventually know that even such a common thing as the relationship between two persons cannot be accomplished only by trying hard, letting alone great things like researching new theories, pursing a trade, or leading a country【我觉得吧，爱情这个东西不太好说，建议不要用这种例子，个人观点呵呵】. Other factors, such as other people's help, background conditions, and even luck, might contribute to success. Children who are only encouraged that if they try hard, they will succeed, could not accept failure peacefully, which results in psychological displacement, even social problems【这个social problems说得有点唐突，稍微解释一下的好】.

Furthermore, what children do need is not only encouragement, but help, experience, and method as well. Although children are always full of energy and diverse dreams, they are too green to know how to achieve great things. Children have to learn from learning to eat and walk, towards speaking and calculating. If parents only encourage them to try hard, they will probably fail repeatedly, hurt deeply, especially on the way to accomplishing great things. For example in a war, young soldiers, if true, never get told how to use a gun or shelter in a trench, and are encouraged to try hard to defeat enemies to achieve success, they will be slaughtered without doubting. Therefore, in some special cases, encouragement even is the pernicious【？我不知道是不是高端的用法，pernicious能做名词加the么？@@】 to the youth.

Nevertheless, encouraging the youth to believe that great things deserves trying hard is important and necessary【！这个观点很好！】. Lacking experience, the youth might often feel afraid of failure and bog on the way to success. In these cases, we should encourage them to try hard with examples, such【as？】 Thomas Edison, an inventor who has【能用现在完成时吗？lz自己斟酌吧～】 failed more than 1800 times to build a bulb, or Marco Polo who traveled across thousands of miles to reach in east. In addition, we will give them confidence and courage by telling them the fundament【狂汗一个，你要说foundation吧。。。lz研究一下吧，你用的这个词。。。＝＝】 history of The United States. There is no denying the fact, with encouragement, one could perform better than ever, which facilitates their achieving great things.

To sum up, encouraging to try hard is necessary to accomplishing【该是accomplish吧。。。不过好像这么说也可以。。。说错了请指教^_^】 great things, while the latter needs far more than the former. Not only should we give the youth encouragement, but also direction and experience.【askme你写得不错呢呵呵，挑不出什么错误来～看你的提纲也觉得角度很不错，思路很清晰，文章用词也不错，句型也是^_^不知道是不是因为限时的缘故，我觉得要是字数再上去一点或许更好，我现在是不限时写的，我觉得理想状态是500＋，所以呵呵，或者多一点好些吧，一家之见，lz自己斟酌哈^_^】

bingbingxieminUID: 2283852

煾，看了一下argument，觉得没什么问题，没什么可改的呵呵，写得不错～
并且惊叹一下，写得很快呵呵，我现在实在是没有可能在30min内，打出510字来，呵呵～